Suchergebnisse

How do parties motivate candidates to exert effort in closed-list elections? If each candidate's primary goal is winning a seat, then those in safe and hopeless list positions have weak incentives to campaign. We present a model in which (i) candidates care about both legislative seats and the higher offices available when their party enters government; and (ii) parties commit to allocating higher offices monotonically with list rank. This model predicts that the volume and geo-diversity of candidates' campaign efforts will increase as their list rank improves. Using new data cover-ing Norwegian parliamentary candidates' use of mass and social media during the 2017 election, we find clear support for this prediction. As their list rank increases, candidates shift from intra-district to extra-district media exposure—which cannot help them win their own seats; but can improve their party's chance of entering government, and thus their own potential share of the spoils.

For our Marketing 399-10E (Ignatian Design Thinking) course, our client is a Chicagoland architecture firm hoping to design an urban, indoor waterpark with an emphasis on STEAM education for students. We want children, as well as their parents, to enjoy their time at the waterpark with, so they will come back more often. The STEAM education aspect of the waterpark should also attract schools for field trips, as well as government and private funding. We now hope to assist our sponsor in securing a corporate sponsorship to expand access to the waterpark.

Coping with stress has been primarily investigated as an individual-level phenomenon. In work settings, however, an individual's exposure to demands is often shared with co-workers, and the process of dealing with these demands takes place in the interaction with them. Coping, therefore, may be conceptualized as a multilevel construct. This paper introduces the team coping concept and shows that including coping as a higher-level team property may help explain individual-level outcomes. Specifically, we investigated the effects of exposure to danger during deployment on burnout symptoms in military service members and examined to what extent this relationship was moderated by individual-level and team-level functional coping. We hypothesized that the relationship between individuals' exposure to danger and burnout is contingent on both. In line with our predictions, we found that service members who were highly exposed to danger, and did not engage in much functional coping, suffered most from burnout symptoms, but only when their teammates did not engage in much functional coping either. When their teammates did engage in much functional coping, the effect of exposure to danger on burnout was buffered. Hence, team members' coping efforts functioned as a resilience resource for these service members.

This work addresses the optimal design of the monitoring technology for a team when collective liability can not form. It shows that the principal's optimal design choice is then to concentrate monitoring on the less productive agent in a team. By controlling the less productive agent she fully discipline the more productive. This result helps in studying the interplay between the institutional set-up and the technological capabilities of teams

A number of projects have failed in software industry due to exceeding budget and schedule. The main reason for most project failure is poor performance of their development team, in which the team performance is affected by a number of factors. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that have significant effect on the performance of the software development team. A set of questionnaire has been distributed to a sample of software developers in telecommunication industries in Iraq and Kurdistan Region Government (KRG) using stratified sampling technique. The analysis of the data was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between the identified factors and the performance on software development team. The results prove that coordination of expertise; communication and mutual support positively affect the performance of software development team.

While the underlying, fundamental principles of warfare have long remained unchanged, recent social and technological developments have necessitated new approaches to conflict management. Specifically, the introduction of nuclear weapons and the maintenance of large military budgets during peacetime in the latter half of the 20th century have changed the risk calculus of conflict among state and non-state actors. Consequently, the operating environment has changed. Extant, centralized actors have experienced new adversities such as ideological warfare and sustained low intensity and gray zone conflict while new, decentralized participants have emerged and evolved. Nation states, as a part of normal operations, now have to contend with the potential for novel, emergent hazards from a myriad of Complex Threat Surfaces in littoral and other environments. We highlight how Complexity Science has been of use in the analysis of Complex Threat Surfaces in the military and within civilian organizations, particularly High Reliability Organisations or HROs. This paper discusses the intersection of Complexity Science and Military Science by focusing on analysis of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations. We highlight rapid reorganization, pooling collective expertise, and the assembly of novel organizational components as a potential basis for developing spontaneous expertise, actionable intelligence, and solutions to the aforementioned novel, emergent hazards.

European Journal of Political Economy 14 (1998) 101-114. doi:10.1016/S0176-2680(97)00042-6 ; 2016-03-04T18:47:27Z

Members of the Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) Regional Security Education Program (RSEP) traveled to the Naval Special Warfare Command in San Diego, Calif., to teach a team of Navy SEALs about the societies, politics, and regional security concerns they will encounter while deployed to the Middle East and South Asia.

Government of Telangana has initiated many innovative schemes ever since its incarnation in the year 2015 to prove it self to be different from other states of India. SHE Teams is one such concept designed by the Government of Telangana to curtail the problems of harassments faced by the women. It has attracted both approbation and criticism in equal proportion, which has motivated to study the performance of SHE Teams in one selected district of Telangana called Mahabubnagar.

This document contains the survey questionnaire for the survey of ERC team members that was carried out in the framework of the 'Study on career impacts of ERC funding'. This study has been procured by the ERC Executive Agency under contract number ERCEA/A1/2016/07. ; © European Union, 2017 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The applicable reuse policy is implemented by the Decision of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (2011/833/EU). The general principle of reuse can be subject to conditions, including limitation according to intellectual property rights of third parties, which may be specified in this document.

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit das Engagement Frank Stronachs in der oesterreichischen politischen Landschaft als eine Form von neuem Neoliberalismus nach der Grossen Krise 2008/09 gesehen werden kann. Insbesondere werden dabei anhand von historischen Rahmenbedingungen, dominanten Diskursmustern und Narrativen sowie polit-oekonomischen Grundueberzeugungen Analogien zwischen dem Team Stronach und der amerikanischen Tea Party aufgezeigt. Bei allen regional und groessenbedingten Unterschieden zwischen diesen "Bewegungen" - beide politischen Initiativen legen ja Wert darauf, keine "Partei" zu sein - zeichnen beide das Bild eines "guten Marktes" und sehen neoliberale Grundwerte gefaehrdet. Einem moralisch-demagogischen Argumentationsmuster folgend gelte es diesen "eigentlichen" Kapitalismus gegen "die Politik" zu retten, wobei wohlweislich verschleiert wird, dass dadurch Interessenspolitik fuer eine oekonomische Elite gemacht wird.

This paper details the experiences of a military surgical team in Belfast from 1972 to early 1974. The overall picture of the problem is given and the current management of 'war' injuries discussed. Up to February 1974 over 1000 servicemen have been injured in Northern Ireland as a result of the vivil disturbance. Over 200 have died. Because of the close proximity of the hospital to many battle areas, casualties may arrive with massive injuries, requiring major resuscitation. Limb wounds have predominated. There is no short cut to adequate wound debridement, especially in the surgery of high-velocity missile injury. Missile wounds of the large bowel require a colostomy. Formal thoracotomy is increasingly used for the through-and-through gunshot wounds of the chest. Controlled ventilation is playing an increasingly important role in the management of some missile wounds of the head. Mine and bomb explosions frequently cause multiple injuries, requiring extensive surgery on any one patient.

The challenges in uncertain, dynamic and complex military operation environments exceed the problem-solving capabilities of individuals. Problem-solving has become a team task. These [hybrid] teams, which typically include machine and human elements, utilize autonomy and artificial intelligence to enhance the quality of actionable information and decision-making capabilities in solving complex problems. For this to be effective, shared mental models must be developed by teams. This demands adaptive behavior of team members to establish a common understanding, and its members to respond to the changes in complex dynamic environments. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical formalization of an interaction platform designed to support individuals working in heterogeneous, hybrid teams. The purpose of the platform is to facilitate convergent adaptive behavior and interoperability. Hilbert space is used to provide a mathematical foundation and coherent axiomatic structure. Individual and shared mental models are represented in the form of superposition of vector states in a conceptual space. Hilbert Space allows for the inclusion of phenomena, such as spooky activation, entanglement, or emergence that are representative of complex social dynamics.

The title of this paper identifies key words starting with police and judicial cooperation, to proceed with European level agencies responsible for this cooperation, and Eurojust Euopol, respectively, and further with the new mechanism of this cooperation, the Joint Teams investigation. While it is true that this cooperation has its origins in Title VI, under the third pillar of the Treaty on European Union signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht, the successive developments at European and international treaty for the European Union underwent significant changes , and so changed the provisions relating to judicial and police cooperation, the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Treaty of Nice to achieve the changes brought by the Lisbon Treaty (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union).Precisely, the evolution of judicial and police cooperation, is the starting point of this paper, because through a brief overview, the judicial and police cooperation, can be identified, mechanisms and agencies of the European Union, created specifically for this purpose, especially Europol and Eurojust. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p103

Key concepts: We review interdependence theory measured by entropic forces, findings in support, and several examples from the field to advance a science of autonomous human-machine teams (A-HMTs) with artificial intelligence (AI). While theory is needed for the advent of autonomous HMTs, social theory is predicated on methodological individualism, a statistical and qualitative science that neither generalizes to human teams nor HMTs. Maximum interdependence in human teams is associated with the performance of the best teams when compared to independent individuals ; our research confirmed that the top global oil firms maximize interdependence by minimizing redundant workers, replicated for the top militaries in the world, adding that impaired interdependence is associated with proportionately less freedom, increased corruption, and poorer team performance. We advanced theory by confirming that the maximum interdependence in teams requires intelligence to overcome obstacles to maximum entropy production (MEP ; e.g., navigating obstacles while abiding by military rules of engagement requires intelligence). Approach: With a case study, we model as harmonic the long-term oscillations driven by two federal agencies in conflict over closing two high-level radioactive waste tanks, ending when citizens recommended closing the tanks. Results: While contradicting rational consensus theory, our quasi-Nash equilibrium model generates the information for neutrals to decide ; it suggests that HMTs should adopt how harmonic oscillations in free societies regulate human autonomy to improve decisions and social welfare.