Suchergebnisse

ANOTĀCIJA Starpvalstu sadarbības aktualitāti noziedzīgu nodarījumu izmeklēšanā nosaka kriminālās pasaules kvalitatīvi jaunas formas un kvantitatīvi jauni apjomi. Noziedzīgās pasaules ietekme strauji pieaugusi globālo pārmaiņu laikā, un līdz ar to pieaug nozīme policijas un citu tiesībaizsardzības iestāţu sadarbībai starp valstīm, transformējot tradicionālus sadarbības veidus. Kriminālprocesa likuma sadaļā ―Atsevišķi starptautiskās sadarbības jautājumi‖ ir iekļauta nodaļa ―Apvienotās izmeklēšanas grupas‖. Nevienā citā normatīvā aktā, kas reglamentē šī sadarbības veida jautājumus, nav sastopams jēdziens ―apvienotās izmeklēšanas grupas‖, taču tiek lietots apzīmējums ―kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas‖. Kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas ir salīdzinoši jauns starpvalstu sadarbības veids, kurš ir lietderīgs, izmeklējot transnacionālus organizētus noziedzīgus nodarījumus. Divpusēja vai daudzpusēja sadarbība notiek uz vienošanās pamata, kurā puses atrunā kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas izveidošanas mērķi, dalībniekus, periodu un kuram papildus tiek pievienots detalizēts pasākumu plāns. Kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas iegūst arvien plašāku piemērošanu, kaut gan sākotnēji bija paredzēts, ka to izveidošana iespējama noteiktu noziedzīgu nodarījumu izmeklēšanā, pie kuriem bija pieskaitāms narkotiku, cilvēktirdzniecības un terorisma apkarošana. Kaut gan, analizējot kopējo izmeklēšanas grupu izveidošanas mērķus, ir jāsecina, ka pamatā grupa tiek izveidota ar mērķi izmeklēt kāda kriminālā grupējuma darbības. Veidojot drošības, brīvības un tiesiskuma telpu, Eiropas Savienībā paplašina atsevišķu krimināltiesisko institūciju pilnvaras. Kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas arvien aktīvāk atbalsta Eirojusts un tā nacionālie pārstāvji. Viedokļi par kopējo izmeklēšanas grupu darbības efektivitāti, tostarp par ekonomiskās lietderības aspektiem, ir daţādi: ir atbalstītāji un ir pretinieki. Tomēr, lai gan tās pastāv neilgu laiku, kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas ir ieguvušas pozitīvus darba rezultātus. Analizējot iegūto pieredzi, tiek veikti uzlabojumi kopējo izmeklēšanas grupu funkcionēšanas nodrošināšanai. Kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas ļauj paaugstināt starpvalstu vajāšanas spiedienu, ko izjūt noziedznieki no visām dalībvalstīm, atsevišķos gadījumos tiek pārvarēta tiesiskās sadarbības barjera, nodibināti kontakti, sadarbībā notiek pieredzes un profesionalitātes izaugsme. Darba pētījuma objekts ir starpvalstu tiesībaizsardzības iestāţu divpusēja un daudzpusēja sadarbība transnacionālo organizēto noziedzīgu nodarījumu izmeklēšanā, kas globālās tiesiskās telpas formēšanas apstākļos iegūst jaunas formas. Izpētot tiesību regulējumu un juridisko praksi, tiek izstrādāti priekšlikumi nacionālā normatīva regulējuma pilnveidošanai, piedāvājot optimizēt sadarbību kopējās izmeklēšanas grupās. Šis promocijas darbs ir Latvijā pirmais zinātniskais darbs par starpvalstu sadarbību kopējās izmeklēšanas grupās, to teorētiskajiem un praktiskajiem jautājumiem. Atslēgas vārdi: kopējās izmeklēšanas grupas, starpvalstu krimināltiesiskā sadarbība, policijas pārrobeţu sadarbība, noziedzīgu nodarījumu izmeklēšana. ; ABSTRACT The topicality of inter-state cooperation in investigation of criminal offences is proved by qualitatively new forms and quantitatively new volumes of the criminal world. During the period of global changes the influence of the criminal world has considerably increased as a result of which the role of international cooperation of police and other law enforcement agencies has also become more important transforming the traditional forms of cooperation. The chapter ‗Specific Issues of International Cooperation' of the Criminal Law contains a section ‗United Investigation Teams'. One would not come across the notion ‗united investigation teams' in any other regulatory enactment regulating the matters related to this form of collaboration; instead, the term ‗joint investigation teams' is used. Joint investigation teams are a relatively new form of inter-state cooperation that is expedient in investigating transnational organised crime. Bilateral or multilateral cooperation is based on an agreement in which the parties thereto specify the purpose for which a joint investigation team is set up, the participants and the period thereof; a detailed operational action plan is additionally attached to such agreement. Joint investigation teams are being used more extensively despite the fact that initially they were intended to be set up for investigating specific criminal offences, especially such as fighting against trafficking of drugs, humans, and terrorism. However, analysing the purposes for which joint investigation teams are established, it may be concluded that generally such a team is set up with the aim to investigate the activity of a criminal group. Creating the area of justice, freedom and security, the European Union extends the authority of specific criminal institutions. Joint investigation teams are more actively supported by Eurojust and national representatives thereof. Opinions regarding the effectiveness of work of joint investigation teams, including the aspects of economic efficiency, vary: there are both supporters and opponents. However, despite their short existence, joint investigation teams have showed positive work results. Analysing the experience gained, improvements are made to ensure functioning of joint investigation teams. Joint investigation teams allow intensifying cross-border prosecution felt by criminals in all member states; in some cases, the barrier of judicial cooperation is overcome, contacts are established, as well as experience and professional development take place as a result of such cooperation. The object of the research is bilateral and multilateral cooperation of transnational law enforcement agencies in investigating transnational organised crime which under the conditions of formation of the global legal space takes new forms. Having examined legal regulations and legal practice, proposals for improvement of the national statutory regulation are developed offering to optimise cooperation within joint investigation teams. This thesis is the first scientific work on cross-border cooperation in joint investigation teams and its theoretical and practical questions in Latvia. Key words: joint investigation teams; justice cooperation in criminal matters, police cross-border cooperation, crime investigation.

In this paper we report the results of two experimental studies designed to test how demographic characteristics affect outsiders' assessments of a firm's top managers. We draw on theories of evaluation and status characteristics to examine the interactive effects of managers' racial characteristics and educational prestige on external perceptions. In the first study, we find that top executives' educational background and race affected analysts' valuation of a firm's stock. Outside analysts made the highest stock price projections for firms led by white executives who had highly prestigious educational backgrounds but made the lowest valuations for firms led by African Americans with the same prestigious education. We posit that the moderating effect of executives' racial characteristics stems from outsiders' assumptions that African American managers received preferential treatment in the admissions process for high prestige universities. In the second study, we find that when we explicitly removed the possibility of preferential selection, analysts gave the same stock valuation to firms led by white and African American executives with high educational prestige. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and management.

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been the world's greatest challenge since World War II. As an unprecedented global public health crisis, crisis management teams (CMTs) in the infected countries need to rethink to cope with the similar uncertainty and urgency of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. The shared context of COVID‐19 allows us to explore a cross‐nation study of different constructs and CMT to communicate information about crises with the public effectively. Since the pandemic affected all countries, the comparison is warranted. Can CMTs mitigate the effects of COVID‐19? Based on the analysis of China and the US cases, our study explores how shared and common knowledge cognition among crisis responders plays a pivotal role in effective CMTs' communication while technological failures and inadequate information disrupt the system, worsening pandemics like COVID‐19. Furthermore, organizational dysfunction, such as institutional fragmentation, regulatory hurdles and bureaucratic arrogance, impede effective communication between CMTs. However, effective coordination and decisive leadership could improve coordination effectiveness and reduce crisis costs.