Suchergebnisse

Since January 2002, following the SRU Law (1), the metropolitan regions (with the exception of the Ile de France and Corsica) exercise all the powers of organising authority (AO) for collective transport of passengers of regional interest. If the law establishes common provisions, a large part of the contractual autonomy of the parties is left. Have the regions made use of this contractual autonomy? To what extent? What type of involvement? In which areas? The purpose of this article is to report on regional/SNCF governance methods in the light of analyses of subcontracting. We will assume that the Region/SNCF contractual relationship can be equated with a particular subcontracting relationship, close to co-contracting (2), the Regions being in the role of principal and SNCF as a single subcontractor (3). Subcontracting relationship, which is still special, by the fact that, for the time being, SNCF presents itself as the obligated partner. After describing the types of governance that could theoretically be envisaged, we will present the characteristics of the contractual organisation of relations between SNCF and each of the seven experimental regions (4), through the agreements concluded in 2002. ; The regionalisation of the rail sector: contractual structure and management methods. – Since January 2002, following the SRU Law, the metropolitan regions (with the exception of the Paris Region and Corsica) enjoy all of the prerogatives of an organisational authority (OA) for collective regional passenger transport. Although the law introduces common measures, a great deal of room for manoeuvre remains concerning the contractual autonomy of the parties concerned. Have the regions made the best of this contractual autonomy? To what extent? In what form? In which field? The purpose of this article is to assess the regional/SNCF management methods in view of the analyses of the subcontracting operations. We will begin with the hypothesis that the contractual region/SNCF relationship may be likened to a special ...

International audience ; The concept of sustainable development produces its effects on all the social representations and practices, especially in the urban context. Through the example of urban transportation, it shows how the traditional mechanisms of market coordination and public regulation are profoundly affected. Based on the principle of a relationship between approaches that up until now were contradictory (economic competition, social cohesion and environmental protection), the sustainable development paradigm revolutionizes the existing collective decision-making system designed to balance antagonisms rather than generate consensus. The problematics of sustainability, and especially the intergenerational arbitration stakes, require us to design instruments to foster coherence between public and private strategies outside of the traditional market vs. regulation dilemma. Procedures of "governance" are much better suited to these new stakes than the traditional methods of government. They allow the reduction simultaneously of transaction costs and constraint effects ; they take place in a process of territorial organisational design ; they imply that the institutional, economic and social partners share several territorial conventions (in reference to the framework of " convention economics "). ; La notion de développement durable produit des effets profonds sur l'ensemble des représentations et des pratiques sociales, et notamment urbaines. L'exemple des transports urbains illustre comment les mécanismes traditionnels de coordination marchande ou de régulation publique en sont profondément affectés. Fondé sur le principe de l'articulation de logiques jusque là contradictoires (compétitivité économique, cohésion sociale et protection de l'environnement), le paradigme du dé-veloppement durable bouleverse en profondeur un système de décision collective conçu pour gérer des antagonismes et non pour produire du consensus. Les procédures de gouvernance sont beau-coup mieux adaptées à ces nouveaux enjeux que les traditionnelles méthodes de gouvernement. Elles permettent une réduction simultanées des coûts de transaction et des effets de contrainte, s'inscrivent dans une logique de design organisationnel territorial et supposent que les acteurs ins-titutionnels, économiques et sociaux partagent un certain nombre de conventions territoriales.

International audience ; The concept of sustainable development produces its effects on all the social representations and practices, especially in the urban context. Through the example of urban transportation, it shows how the traditional mechanisms of market coordination and public regulation are profoundly affected. Based on the principle of a relationship between approaches that up until now were contradictory (economic competition, social cohesion and environmental protection), the sustainable development paradigm revolutionizes the existing collective decision-making system designed to balance antagonisms rather than generate consensus. The problematics of sustainability, and especially the intergenerational arbitration stakes, require us to design instruments to foster coherence between public and private strategies outside of the traditional market vs. regulation dilemma. Procedures of "governance" are much better suited to these new stakes than the traditional methods of government. They allow the reduction simultaneously of transaction costs and constraint effects ; they take place in a process of territorial organisational design ; they imply that the institutional, economic and social partners share several territorial conventions (in reference to the framework of " convention economics "). ; La notion de développement durable produit des effets profonds sur l'ensemble des représentations et des pratiques sociales, et notamment urbaines. L'exemple des transports urbains illustre comment les mécanismes traditionnels de coordination marchande ou de régulation publique en sont profondément affectés. Fondé sur le principe de l'articulation de logiques jusque là contradictoires (compétitivité économique, cohésion sociale et protection de l'environnement), le paradigme du dé-veloppement durable bouleverse en profondeur un système de décision collective conçu pour gérer des antagonismes et non pour produire du consensus. Les procédures de gouvernance sont beau-coup mieux adaptées à ces nouveaux enjeux que ...