Suchergebnisse

This report reviews the history and trends of oil spills in the United States, and identifies the legal authorities governing oil spill prevention, response, and cleanup.

The objective of this paper is to assess urban governance in Zimbabwe with specific reference to the City of Gweru. In Zimbabwe urban governance is the immediate responsibility of Urban Councils in cogovernance with the Ministry of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development, which has an overall supervisory role. Chapter 29: 15 of the Urban Councils Act of 1995, revised in 1996, provides for the establishment of municipalities and towns and the administration of local boards, municipal and town councils. It confers functions and powers that impose duties upon municipal and town councils, as well as local boards. In Zimbabwe urban governance is not totally autonomous. The responsibilities and functions of urban governance are often shared and take place within a policy framework, which is both set by national politicians and over which those same national politicians will want to exert influence and direction. The issue is less about autonomy and more about inter- dependence and balance. The paper explores the view that if urban councils are to be government in the real sense of the word, then they must have a strategic capacity for accountability, efficiency and transparency to help in combating corruption, urban poverty and enhancing civic engagement. Through the use of interviews, questionnaires and minutes of council and committee meetings, the research also examines the relations between councillors, electorate, officials, and central government in the urban governance of Gweru. The study concludes by discussing recommendations for good urban governance in Gweru.

AbstractThe banning of the hijab along with other religious symbols in French public schools from 1st September 2004 can be cited as an example of a complex issue. It is also an example of policy making, that treats the wearing of the hijab (and other religious symbols) as representative of an essentialist religious category that is symbolic of both identity and worldview. All religious symbols in public schools are banned, but the discretion is with local schools as to how the law will be managed through discussion with the student. This article addresses the policy by 'unfolding' the values of the different stakeholders and 'sweeping in' the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors (adapted from Churchman, 1979a, b, 1984, who cites Edgar Singer). Both cultures Christian and Muslim need to consider the merits of using the least powerful as a site for the struggle over identity politics, shorthand for the systemic fall out post 9/11. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Die Tatsache, dass das deutsche Recht im Bereich der Corporate Governance immer wieder Institute und Termini, zum Beispiel die business judgement rule aus dem US-amerikanischen Recht übernommen hat, lässt alleine nicht den Schluss auf eine Amerikanisierung des deutschen Aktienwesens zu. Es könnte sich hierbei auch um sehr vereinzelt auftretende Fälle von Amerikanisierung oder um ein Sich-Aufeinanderzubewegen von US-amerikanischem und deutschem Corporate Governance-System handeln. Annette Nicklisch stellt dar, ob und wenn ja, inwieweit man von einer Amerikanisierung des deutschen Aktienwesens sprechen kann. Die Untersuchung erfolgt anhand der Auswirkungen des Sarbanes-Oxley Act auf die deutsche Corporate Governance. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die voranschreitende Amerikanisierung des deutschen Aktienwesens an den Auswirkungen des Sarbanes-Oxley Act auf die deutsche Corporate Governance aufzuzeigen.

This article examines the relevance of the concept of multi-level governance to understand changes in science policy in France. It explores the emergence of a pattern of multi-level governance, particularly in the arenas of negotiations between national and regional levels. It underlines the compromises made between the principles of competition and equality, and reveals the diversity across regions as for the capacities to develop bottom-up strategies for science-based development. It highlights the prerequisites for the development of a multi-level polity, particularly the key role that central government retains in the global design of science policy.

"Although analyses of democracy and governance may be complementary rather than in conflict, they are not identical. This article compares the EU criteria for evaluating applicants for membership with those of democracy indexes. It uses data from the 13-country New Europe Barometer surveys of public opinion to provide a bottom up evaluation of democratic governance in Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Ukraine. The results are compared, point by point, with the minimum evaluation of governance in the eight Central and East European countries admitted to the EU in 2004. Factor analysis confirms statistically that these measures are multi-dimensional; in other words, democratic governance cannot be reduced to a one-dimensional index of democracy. The conclusion emphasizes the advantages of thinking in terms of democratic governance not only for diagnosing and prescribing governmental reforms but also for academics monitoring democratization as a process that may only be partially successful." (author's abstract)

This article explores the interface between migration and human trafficking in sub‐Saharan Africa fromthe two angles of governance and poverty. A salient feature in the emerging frameworks of migration management is its implicit bifurcated vision of mobility. Trade‐connected mobility is well protected by government rules whereas mobility to sustain livelihoods is subject to a punitive regime with a limited scope for resolving the discrepancy between the legal and social interpretations of human rights and well‐being. The rise of migration by women, children and young people within and outside traditional practices under risky conditions may reflect deeper structural transformations than are commonly acknowledged by policy‐makers. Reactions based on human rights concerns have contributed to new international, regional and national legislative frameworks for preventing abusive and exploitative practices in migration. The prevalence of glaring differences of interests in the variant policy approaches to all these issues – migration management, crime control, labour standards, poverty reduction and the particular needs of communities at risk – requires the concept of best practices to address the relationship between dominant forms of social knowledge and the policy field to situate and tackle issues of rights violation in different scales of governance and their interrelationships.