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How can international organizations (IOs) like the United Nations (UN) and their implementing partners be held accountable if their actions and policies violate fundamental human rights? This text provides a new conceptual framework to study pluralist accountability, whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations.

This book seeks to pose and explore a question that sheds light on the contested but largely cooperative nature of Arctic governance in the post-Cold War period: how does power matter - and how has it mattered - in shaping cross-border cooperation and diplomacy in the Arctic? Each chapter functions as a window through which power relations in the Arctic are explored. Issues include how representing the Arctic region matters for securing preferred outcomes, how circumpolar cooperation is marked by regional hierarchies and how Arctic governance has become a global social site in its own right, replete with disciplining norms for steering diplomatic behaviour. This book draws upon Russia's role in the Arctic Council as an extended case study and examines how Arctic cross-border governance can be understood as a site of competition over the exercise of authority

Die eingetragene Genossenschaft ist legislatorisch defizitär geregelt; sie steht auch nicht im Fokus der Rechtswissenschaft. Dieses juristische Desinteresse an der genossenschaftlichen Rechtsform steht im Gegensatz zu ihrer unverändert großen volkswirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht Christian Picker in seiner grundlagenorientierten, rechts- und rechtsformvergleichenden sowie interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Arbeit, das normative Leitbild »Genossenschaft« zu bestimmen und anschließend ein systemgerechtes und funktionales Modell einer Cooperative Governance zu entwerfen. Genossenschaften sind danach so zu organisieren, dass sie ihren charakteristischen und konstitutiven Verbandszweck verwirklichen können: Sie müssen ihre Mitglieder – und nur diese – nutzerbezogen als Kunden fördern.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations & -- Acronyms -- Introduction -- Section One: A Conceptual Basis for Understanding Governance of Transitions and Transitions of Governance -- Chapter 1: The Governance of Transitions and the Transitions of Governance -- Chapter 2: Learning Required for Sustainable Transition -- Section Two: Rules of Engagement Derived from Case Studies in Southern Africa -- Chapter 3: Co-produced Spaces for Community-Based Tourism -- Chapter 4: Impediments to Meaningful Municipal Participatory Budgeting -- Chapter 5: Delivering the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- Chapter 6: Public Sector Reforms and Limits of Institutional Mimicking -- Chapter 7: Morality, Corruption and Trust -- Section Three: Spaces of Engagement: Learning by Doing and Doing by Learning -- Chapter 8: Managing the Energy-Food-Water Nexus in Developing Countries -- Chapter 9: City Government Resilience, Smart Cities and Big Data -- Chapter 10: Renewable Energy for the Hessequa Municipality -- Conclusion -- About the Editors -- About the Authors.

This book discusses the tasks and functions of corporate governance in the light of current challenges and the dynamics that arise from a broader approach to company management and the integration of corporate governance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. Addressing the corporate governance shortcomings that are believed to have contributed to the recent financial crisis, it explores the interplay between corporate governance and CSR, and includes examples of company practice to show how such changes affect the practices of shareholders, boards of directors and regulators. In particular, the book examines shareholders' activities, their different investment strategies, specific reporting expectations and the submission of proposals to the annual meeting. Further, for boards of directors it explores the need to revise their tasks with respect to the criteria for executive appointments, their corporate strategy, performance measures and diversity recommendations, while for directors it provides recommendations to reconsider the structure of executive pay and performance incentives. Lastly, for regulators the book investigates the need to introduce new laws addressing, for instance, the need for integrated reporting, limiting the voice of short term oriented shareholders and providing guidelines for executive compensation.

Both firms and governments are increasingly taking steps to address sustainability, and at the same time the issue of governance has become more prominent due to the numerous problems in public and business life which have manifest failures in governance. As initiatives for sustainability increase in importance and prominence, so has the need for governance of sustainability plans and actions. This volume of Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility responds to that need and focuses on the relations between governance and sustainability. The book looks at what has been happening in various locations around the world, identifying varying approaches and examining whether and how a best practice could be developed. Gathering contributions that are varied in scope and produced by authors from around the world, it provides a rich picture of the progress (or lack of progress) being made in a wide array of contexts. For its depth and broad scope, Governance and Sustainability is a must-read for researchers, students, and practitioners interested in sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Problems Raised -- 1.2 Previous Studies -- 1.3 Thoughts and Methods of Study -- 1.4 The Outline of This Book -- References -- 2 The Nature and Governance Mission of the City -- 2.1 Re-recognize the Nature of the City -- 2.2 Institution and Mission of Urban Governance -- 2.3 Financing System of Urban Public Services -- 2.4 New Ideas for Improving Urban and Rural Governance -- References -- 3 Institutional Changes of Urban Governance in China -- 3.1 Establishment and Evolution of Municipality -- 3.2 Institutional Structure of Urban Governance -- 3.3 Institutional Changes of Urban Primary-Level Governance -- 3.4 Categories of Actors of Urban Governance -- References -- 4 Holistic Governance: An Explanatory Framework -- 4.1 The Theory Evolution of City Management -- 4.2 Types of Urban Governance -- 4.3 Integrated Governance: A New Theory -- 4.4 Achievements and Risk of Integrated Governance -- 4.5 Institutional Requirements of Collaborative Governance -- References -- 5 City-County Relationship: Separated or Integrated Governance -- 5.1 Theoretical Dimensions of Urban-Rural Relationship -- 5.2 City-County Relationship: A New Explanation -- 5.3 International Comparison of City-County Relationship -- 5.4 Thoughts of Policymaking on Reform of Province-Leading-County System -- References -- 6 The Institutional Development of American Urban Cross-Regional Governance -- 6.1 Systems of Organization of Local Government for Urban Governance in the United States -- 6.2 Cross-Sectoral Governance Reform in Metropolitan Areas -- 6.3 Discussion on the Polycentric System -- References -- 7 Institutional Development of Urban Cross-Departmental Coordination -- 7.1 Challenges for Urban Cross-Departmental Coordination -- 7.2 New Trend of Cross-Departmental Governance in Foreign Cities.

Einleitung -- Ausgangspunkte -- Zentrale Begriffe und Konzepte -- Kleinstaatentheoretische Grundprämissen -- Annahmen zu kleinstaatlicher Politik -- Annahmen zu Governance im Kleinstaat -- Exkurs: Liechtenstein – (k)ein typischer Kleinstaat? -- Schlussbetrachtung.