This chapter reviews empirical literature on foreign aid and QoG. The chapter begins with a description of how scholarship on foreign aid and QoG developed in conjunction with prominent debates in the development community. The chapter discusses three major debates: whether or not QoG moderates foreign aid effectiveness, whether or not donors give aid selectively based on QoG, and whether or not foreign aid undermines or can help build QoG. With regard to aid effectiveness, the most recent literature suggests that aid can be effective even under conditions of poor QoG. With regard to selectivity, the existing literature shows an increasing selectivity for overall aid flows since the end of the Cold War and provides evidence of selectivity in terms of type of aid. The evidence that aid undermines QoG is not as strong as has been claimed by some of the initial studies in this literature. The chapter concludes by suggesting ways forward for all three literatures.
International audience ; Three cities are studed in order to understand their governance of city-branding. The human organisation, the feasibility and the objectives are compared. The difficulties of branding are about the leadership, the restriction in the field of discourse and the capacity to be in conflict. ; A travers trois terrains, la gouvernance de la fabrication de l'image de marque de la ville est questionnée en matière d'organisation, de faisabilité et d'objectifs à atteindre. Les dynamiques territoriales basées sur des organisations politiques permettent de comparer trois démarches qui peinent à aboutir, que ce soit en coopérations intra-territoriales qu'extra-erritoriales
International audience ; Three cities are studed in order to understand their governance of city-branding. The human organisation, the feasibility and the objectives are compared. The difficulties of branding are about the leadership, the restriction in the field of discourse and the capacity to be in conflict. ; A travers trois terrains, la gouvernance de la fabrication de l'image de marque de la ville est questionnée en matière d'organisation, de faisabilité et d'objectifs à atteindre. Les dynamiques territoriales basées sur des organisations politiques permettent de comparer trois démarches qui peinent à aboutir, que ce soit en coopérations intra-territoriales qu'extra-erritoriales
International audience ; Three cities are studed in order to understand their governance of city-branding. The human organisation, the feasibility and the objectives are compared. The difficulties of branding are about the leadership, the restriction in the field of discourse and the capacity to be in conflict. ; A travers trois terrains, la gouvernance de la fabrication de l'image de marque de la ville est questionnée en matière d'organisation, de faisabilité et d'objectifs à atteindre. Les dynamiques territoriales basées sur des organisations politiques permettent de comparer trois démarches qui peinent à aboutir, que ce soit en coopérations intra-territoriales qu'extra-erritoriales
International audience ; Three cities are studed in order to understand their governance of city-branding. The human organisation, the feasibility and the objectives are compared. The difficulties of branding are about the leadership, the restriction in the field of discourse and the capacity to be in conflict. ; A travers trois terrains, la gouvernance de la fabrication de l'image de marque de la ville est questionnée en matière d'organisation, de faisabilité et d'objectifs à atteindre. Les dynamiques territoriales basées sur des organisations politiques permettent de comparer trois démarches qui peinent à aboutir, que ce soit en coopérations intra-territoriales qu'extra-erritoriales
International audience ; Three cities are studed in order to understand their governance of city-branding. The human organisation, the feasibility and the objectives are compared. The difficulties of branding are about the leadership, the restriction in the field of discourse and the capacity to be in conflict. ; A travers trois terrains, la gouvernance de la fabrication de l'image de marque de la ville est questionnée en matière d'organisation, de faisabilité et d'objectifs à atteindre. Les dynamiques territoriales basées sur des organisations politiques permettent de comparer trois démarches qui peinent à aboutir, que ce soit en coopérations intra-territoriales qu'extra-erritoriales
The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.
The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.
The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.
The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.
This text is organised as follows. After an introduction setting out the conceptual expectations of governance, he addressed in turn: the reference to the contract; ownership and proprietyism; the restoration of political liberalism through economic liberalism; the concept of regulation; governance and governance; sovereignty; the concept of governance; governance as a sign of the emergence of the corporate figure and the "citizens' organisation"; the contours of the "liberal moment"; privatisation and "liberal moment" (the duality of "market and non-market organisations", the effects of the operation of organisations, the "dissociations-associations" of the field, privatisation); a focus on the "law of airain of oligarchy" by R. Michels; a focus: The tragedy of municipalities (or the impossibility of preventing the use of a resource) and the tragedy of 'anti-common' (or the possibility of preventing the use of a resource) or the 'market state' dilemma; a focus on the creatives comment. ; Master ; This text is organised as follows. After an introduction setting out the conceptual expectations of governance, he addressed in turn: the reference to the contract; ownership and proprietyism; the restoration of political liberalism through economic liberalism; the concept of regulation; governance and governance; sovereignty; the concept of governance; governance as a sign of the emergence of the corporate figure and the "citizens' organisation"; the contours of the "liberal moment"; privatisation and "liberal moment" (the duality of "market and non-market organisations", the effects of the operation of organisations, the "dissociations-associations" of the field, privatisation); a focus on the "law of airain of oligarchy" by R. Michels; a focus: The tragedy of municipalities (or the impossibility of preventing the use of a resource) and the tragedy of 'anti-common' (or the possibility of preventing the use of a resource) or the 'market state' dilemma; a focus on the creatives comment. ; Ce texte est organisé de la ...
The enforcement of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is not such an administrative issue in France as it is in other countries, since competent authorities (water agencies) already have jurisdiction over major watersheds (districts). As far as the WFD implementation is concerned, setting and reaching objectives of water quality (good status) and implementing cost recovery policy are more challenging for France and will require necessary changes and adjustments. Water in France is not managed according to its ownership, but its uses. In this chapter, after (i) an overview of the water governance institutional framework, (ii) the water governance arrangements is tackled: the main stakeholders is described and key issues of the current process of making decision are dealt with, in the general context of implementing the WFD. The original institutional tools developed to integrate different water uses for the sake of ecosystems preservation are also considered.
The enforcement of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is not such an administrative issue in France as it is in other countries, since competent authorities (water agencies) already have jurisdiction over major watersheds (districts). As far as the WFD implementation is concerned, setting and reaching objectives of water quality (good status) and implementing cost recovery policy are more challenging for France and will require necessary changes and adjustments. Water in France is not managed according to its ownership, but its uses. In this chapter, after (i) an overview of the water governance institutional framework, (ii) the water governance arrangements is tackled: the main stakeholders is described and key issues of the current process of making decision are dealt with, in the general context of implementing the WFD. The original institutional tools developed to integrate different water uses for the sake of ecosystems preservation are also considered.
The enforcement of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is not such an administrative issue in France as it is in other countries, since competent authorities (water agencies) already have jurisdiction over major watersheds (districts). As far as the WFD implementation is concerned, setting and reaching objectives of water quality (good status) and implementing cost recovery policy are more challenging for France and will require necessary changes and adjustments. Water in France is not managed according to its ownership, but its uses. In this chapter, after (i) an overview of the water governance institutional framework, (ii) the water governance arrangements is tackled: the main stakeholders is described and key issues of the current process of making decision are dealt with, in the general context of implementing the WFD. The original institutional tools developed to integrate different water uses for the sake of ecosystems preservation are also considered.
This article studies the idea of "World Government" as envisioned in aseries of essays published by Bertrand Russell in the period of the Cold War. It drawsupon the theoretical categories introduced by Karl Mannheim in Ideology and Utopia(1936) to account for the nature of the reconstruction schemes the author advances tospare human society a possible apocalyptic nuclear confrontation. The study hasshown that Russell's liberal outlook is utopian insofar as it has shown advancedpositions regarding self-determination, the dissemination of progress and cooperationtoward the reconstruction of a peaceful and prosperous world. However, given thetechnological abyss separating the industrial West in the 1950s from the rest, an open"World State" would be another form of imperialism in disguise. The risk involved isthat this "global utopia" whose rulers monopolize military, legislative as well aseconomic power, would turn into an institutional and ideological instrument ofcontrol in the hands of the technologically powerful few.
