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Public services can develop two contrasting practices of accountability: the conventional model emphasises that to be accountable is to be 'held to account', to be expected to answer questions about performance and that the answers are then evaluated by superiors measured against some standard or expectation following which praise or blame is meted out and sanctions applied. This mode of accountability is expresses hierarchy of authority. A very different process encourages dialogues of accountability between practitioners and publics, who 'give an account' offering a story that interprets and explains what has happened and why it has taken place. This paper observes these contrasting practices in the development of school governance in England and argues for the importance of dialogue to enhance learning and democratic responsiveness. ; Public services can develop two contrasting practices of accountability: the conventional model emphasises that to be accountable is to be 'held to account', to be expected to answer questions about performance and that the answers are then evaluated by superiors measured against some standard or expectation following which praise or blame is meted out and sanctions applied. This mode of accountability is expresses hierarchy of authority. A very different process encourages dialogues of accountability between practitioners and publics, who 'give an account' offering a story that interprets and explains what has happened and why it has taken place. This paper observes these contrasting practices in the development of school governance in England and argues for the importance of dialogue to enhance learning and democratic responsiveness.

The article points out that the process of introducing market relations in Ukraine and the growing role and importance of joint-stock companies in the economic development of the country and well-being of its citizens have created the need of corporate governance that emerged due to changing ownership structures and transition to market relations.The study shows that the corporate form of business organization is a new and complex phenomenon in Ukraine. Corporations (joint-stock companies) are the most widespread and significant form of business organization in the current conditions. It is emphasized that the defining feature of a corporation is that it is owned by shareholders who bought stock. This requires a completely different approach to management and control. The nature, role and principles of corporate governance framework are described. It is reasoned that since management and ownership are separated, there is a need to balance interests of shareholders and management.It is stressed that corporate governance is an important factor in the company's activity and development, the primary purpose of which is to provide owners with the opportunity to organize and exercise effective control over management. The essence of corporate governance is to achieve a balance of interests for participants of corporate governance, namely: shareholders, managers, supervisory board and other groups and individuals (suppliers, consumers, creditors, government authorities, etc). The role and place of management in corporate governance, their interests and powers are highlighted.The following responsibilities are associated with executive bodies, or management: solving currents problems related to the corporation's activities, ensuring decision-making by general meeting of shareholders and supervisory board, planning, organizing, motivating, coordinating, and monitoring.It is substantiated that management and corporate governance are different concepts. The key difference is that corporate governance is a wider concept, and management is an integral part of it. The effectiveness of corporate governance rests on the organization of the work of management.

El artículo analiza las dificultades de la gobernabilidad y su carácter esquivo. Se trata de un estudio sobre cómo mejorar la gobernabilidad, partiendo de la base de que en muchas ocasiones lo que existe en la práctica, son condiciones de ingobernabilidad. El razonamiento central parte de que la ingobernabilidad puede en ocasiones imperar, sin que ello implique necesariamente una fractura en la democracia en su conjunto. Se continúa con un examen de la cohesión y la perdurabilidad de las sociedades, como ejes de la gobernabilidad. Luego se prosigue con con­sideraciones acerca de las redes de gobernabilidad a nivel local y regio­nal, y con el tratamiento de la crisis de información en las sociedades fragmentadas, así como con las condiciones de inestabilidad crónica y los gobiernos locales. Se finaliza con algunas consideraciones sobre el vínculo existente entre lo local y lo global, y el posible rol de ese proceso en el manejo de crisis y la educación para la paz. ; The article analyzes the difficulties of governance and the elusive nature of governability. lts main purpose is to make suggestions as to how to increase governability. Central to the argument is the suggestion that, despite the occasional reign of ingovernability, this does not imply the fracture of democracy altogether. Cohesion and perdurability are the keys to governability. The article analyzes local and regional governa­bility networks and the management of the information crisis in frag­mented societies, as well as the conditions of chronic instability and local co-governments. The article ends with several considerations on the local-to-global links, and the potential role of this process in the mana­gement of crisis and education for peace.

Governance is presented by undefined and confused areas that tend to expand in a more or less arbitrary way in the absence of stable and reliable normative standards. All this calls into question concepts and recompositive monolithic categories of modern political-legal rationality and in the first place sovereignty. At the same time the current neo-governmental structure does not stand as a technology of power, exclusionary or alternative to other rationalities, but rather it tends to bring out all the contradictions and ambiguities of the present time. ; La gobernanza es presentada por áreas confusas e indefinidas que tienden a expandirse de una manera más o menos arbitraria en ausencia de estándares normativos estables y confiables. Todo esto pone en cuestión conceptos y categorías monolíticas recompositivas de moderna racionalidad política-legal y en primer lugar de la soberanía. Al mismo tiempo, la estructura neogubernamental actual no se sostiene como una tecnología de poder excluyente o alternativa a otras racionalidades, sino que tiende a llevar a cabo todas las contradicciones y ambigüedades del tiempo presente.

"Venezuela: 4th & 5th republics" (Neira Fernández, Enrique) ; Presentation ; I. Conceptual frame ; Challenges and modernization ; Reforms of the state ; Governance ; Genuineness ; Decentralization ; Democracy ; Leadership ; Militarism ; Democratic caesarism ; Populism ; Violence ; Revolution ; Socialism ; II. The fourth republic (Before Chávez) ; A look back ; The economic thing ; The social thing ; The political thing ; The ethical thing ; III. The fith republic (In the times of Chávez) ; Introduction ; The strong man ; The process. Political ideology ; The process. Characteristics ; The beautiful revolution ; Gusty future ; Conclusion. The quadrature of the circle ; neira@intercable.net.ve ; Nivel analítico

El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer una genealogía sobre el concepto de gobernanza, presentar diferentes conceptualizaciones sobre el tema y discutirlos a la luz de algunos elementos de la gobernanza ambiental. La metodología está basada en revisión bibliográfica y documental. Desarrollos del concepto de gobernanza son abordados e implementados por organismos multilaterales, también por pensadores de las ciencias sociales, de los movimientos sociales y de organizaciones no gubernamentales. Sobre gobernanza se pueden diferenciar tres enfoques: uno que la entiende como sinónimo de gobierno; otro que la asume como un marco normativo o conjunto de criterios que deben satisfacer los sistemas políticos para el logro de los objetivos propuestos, y finalmente, la gobernanza puede ser entendida también como la coordinación que tiene lugar en espacios no jerárquicos (redes), que promueven la participación de la sociedad civil en la deliberación de los asuntos públicos y ambientales, mediante sistemas de gobierno gestados por las propias comunidades, que muestran una nueva visión de democracia que han ido edificando, con logros en la creación de nuevas normas para la gestión de los bienes comunes y de su territorio. CC BY-NC-SA Gestión y Ambiente (2016). ; The objective of this work was making a genealogy on the concept of governance, presenting several definitions and discussing them in the light of some elements of environmental governance. The methodology is based on a bibliographic and documentary revision. Developments of this concept are addressed and implemented by multilateral agencies, and also by thinkers of social sciences, social movements and non-governmental organizations. Three approaches of governance can be distinguished: one that understands it as a synonym of government; other that defines it as a framework policy or set of criteria that must be complied by the political systems for the achievement of the proposed objectives; and the third approach states that governance can be understood as the coordination that takes place in non-hierarchical spaces (networks), which promote the participation of civil society in the discussion of public and environmental affairs, through government systems used by communities themselves. This third approach of governance reveals the new vision of democracy that these communities have been building up, with achievements related to the creation of new standards for the management of common goods and their territory. CC BY-NC-SA Gestión y Ambiente (2016).

Approaches to the definition of the concept of "communication", its essence and approaches of both foreign and domestic scientists are considered and analyzed. The role of communication in society and public policy in particular, its importance in public administration, their relationship is studied. Considerable attention is paid to the role of communication in public policy, as it shapes the publicity of any policy, makes it transparent, open and puts socially significant issues on the agenda for further discussion by the whole society with the participation of public authorities and local governments and public organizations and activists, trade unions, business, political movements and parties, etc. According to the author, public policy is inseparable from communication and communication mechanisms, which, in fact, make public policy public, it is important to consider communication and its role in public policy. In the process of communication in the field of public administration, a special place is occupied by the exchange of information between leaders and those they govern (or between the political system and the environment, the top and citizens). Its goal is to obtain the consent of the latter and decision-making, legitimation and public support, which is needed by all political systems, even totalitarian ones. There are different positions of the rulers and rulers in the political sphere, but common is the presence of communicative processes, because without them the existence of communication is impossible, especially in modern conditions and in countries where democracy, publicity and civil society. At the same time, further research is needed on the communicative component of public policy, in particular – from the standpoint of citizens and the media, civil society institutions. The development of communication issues in the plane of "power – society" is conditioned by the need to develop communicative processes in modern Ukraine on the basis of world experience and the peculiarities of the ...

La experiencia de la emergencia por el covid-19 en España ha supuesto una alteración de las pautas normales de gobernabilidad para dar paso a un desarrollo de la gobernanza territorial, al atribuirse el protagonismo fundamental a las Comunidades Autónomas. De este modo las esferas autonómicas han puesto de manifiesto una tendencia mantenida a lo largo del tiempo a favor de la gobernanza, donde se han superado con éxito algunos de sus inconvenientes, demostrando la adecuación institucional hacia un nuevo marco que preludia la evolución de las democracias en el siglo XXI. ; The covid-19 state of emergency experience in Spain has meant an alteration of the normal government guidelines, opening a way to the rise of territorial governance. As a result, Autonomous Communities are attributed the fundamental role. In this vein, the Autonomous Communities have revealed a tendency maintained over time in favor of governance. In this context, some of the drawbacks inherent to governance have been successfully overcome, demonstrating the institutional adaptation to a new framework that preludes the evolution of democracies in the XXI century.

The subject of the work is the consideration of theoretical and practical aspects of Internet communications as a synthesis of principles of information design and realization of communicative goals of traditional forms, models and types of communication, which arose as a result of involvement in the communicative space of new – extralinguistic and computer networks in public administration. The aim of the study is to consider which of the practices are most effective, how to correlate the various tools that together should lead to the creation of «smart management» systems at both the local and national levels. Research methods. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study. Results of work. The article substantiates the application of the principles of Internet marketing in government structures, public institutions at both local and state level in public administration in Ukraine. Field of application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of informatization of public administration. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1. Principles of Internet marketing – namely communication between public service and the citizen is the main basis that will not only consume the services of their state, but also to participate much more actively in policy, especially domestic. 2. The principles of Internet marketing allow not only to clearly work out the constant current work in relations with citizens, but also to respond quickly and systematically to new requests, to adjust existing systems. 3. The Internet provides an opportunity to properly prepare to work and listen to the needs of citizens, systematizing the demands of society. 3. The comprehensive Internet has its risks, which makes it very ...