Suchergebnisse

The damage to Brantas River Basin (Watershed) has been increasingly critical due to forest encroachment and land use ignoring the rules of soil and water conser- vation. This study aims to examine the problems in the management of upper Brantas Watershed in Batu City, Indonesia. The method used in this research was descriptive-qualitative and the data were collected using participative observa- tion in the field, in-depth interviews with the community of Brantas Watershed- Caring Farmer Group (Komunitas Petani Penyelamat Daerah Aliran Sungai Brantas- KPPDAS), discussion with experts, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This paper succeeded in extracting information about the fundamental problems causing damage to Brantas Watershed in Batu City. Those fundamental problems con- sisted of pragmatic behavior and ways of thinking of land use in the upper wa- tershed of Brantas, government policies that were not aligned to the upstream conservation of Brantas Watershed, the low public awareness to actively partici- pate in the upstream conservation of Brantas Watershed. Therefore, the man- agement of upper Brantas Watershed needs to strengthen the cooperation (part- nership) among stakeholders to savejointly the upstream of Brantas River Basin or Watershed.

The unifying theme of the papers in this series is a concern for understanding the everyday practice of governance in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) health systems. Rather than seeing governance as a normative health system goal addressed through the architecture and design of accountability and regulatory frameworks, these papers provide insights into the real-world decision-making of health policy and system actors. Their multiple, routine decisions translate policy intentions into practice - and are filtered through relationships, underpinned by values and norms, influenced by organizational structures and resources, and embedded in historical and socio-political contexts. These decisions are also political acts - in that they influence who accesses benefits and whose voices are heard in decision-making, reinforcing or challenging existing institutional exclusion and power inequalities. In other words, the everyday practice of governance has direct impacts on health system equity.The papers in the series address governance through diverse health policy and system issues, consider actors located at multiple levels of the system and draw on multi-disciplinary perspectives. They present detailed examination of experiences in a range of African and Indian settings, led by authors who live and work in these settings. The overall purpose of the papers in this series is thus to provide an empirical and embedded research perspective on governance and equity in health systems.

With the change in leadership in 2010, a change in regulatory climate has been anticipated. Compliance with statutory requirements and administrative regulations was expected to be further reinforced to strengthen and support regulatory governance reforms through monitoring and control across the main branches of the government, providing symbiotic participation from the private sector and civil society. As defined by law, state audit is "the analytical and systematic examination and verification of financial transactions, operations, accounts and reports of any government agency for the purpose of determining their accuracy, integrity and authenticity and satisfying the requirements of law, rules, and regulations." It is a function conducted by the Supreme Audit Institution of the country, grounded on the values of integrity, transparency and accountability. This article explores the relationship between the extent of budgetary appropriations profile across the national government agencies (NGAs), which includes the executive, legislative, judiciary, and constitutional commission, vis-à-vis the NGAs audit compliance profile.

Good governance is a precursor for effective electoral reforms in any democratic country. While the practice of democracy is often expected to yield the much needed effective governance, credibility of electoral systems have militated against translating democracy into good governance. The subject of electoral reforms has received sporadic attention, with need for more attention especially in Kenya. With the analysis of primary data obtained from purposively sampled respondents (lawyers, journalists and trainers) with extensive knowledge of recent electoral reforms in the Kenyan democracy, the paper examined the effectiveness of electoral reforms in promoting good governance in Kenya. It identified the availability and extent to which electoral reforms promote peaceful coexistence and good governance. The paper concluded that for electoral reforms to achieve an the expected outcome of good governance there is need for full implementation of electoral reforms, strengthening of the country's democratic institutions and intensifying civic education on electoral amongst the citizenry as a priority for good governance in Kenya.

Across Canada there have been numerous recent examples of incidents where the political and ideological interests of provincial governments have run counter to the mandates of school districts. In this pan-Canadian study, focus groups were conducted with school board trustees and school district superintendents to examine the relationships between districts and provincial governments. Preliminary data suggest that the significance of the school district apparatus in Canada has diminished as provincial governments have enacted an aggressive centralization agenda. We theorize that in a politicized environment, the values, reward systems, and accountabilities against which school board superintendents and trustees operate are likely to differ substantively from those of politicians and bureaucrats, thereby creating a policy environment that is antagonistic to local governance.

International audience ; Supported by the omnipresent State in the past, French music education leans increasingly towards a more liberal and competitive model. In the current context of a decentralized economy and European integration, music conservatories are called upon to contribute to regional and municipal development and enhance European student mobility. How do conservatories react to the restructuring of the competitive field? How do they affect European territorial cohesion? Are they managing adaptive or hybrid strategies with new conceptions of music education? Alternatively, do they gradually move away from the marketplace and become an obsolete and difficult heritage to maintain? To answer these questions, it is necessary to analyze the current balance of power among the different elements of the French multi-level system of conservatories, including communal, inter-communal, departmental, regional, national and European institutions. By combining different sources of spatial and statistical data, this paper contributes to constructing a comparative institutional geography of French multi-level territorial divisions. Extraction and treatment of the small data with SPSS statistical software allowed us to build a number of small-scale datasets that were merged to broader geographical databases from the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). The geographical units that structure the INSEE databases (the zip and district codes, codes of regions, departments, GPS coordinates) made possible the location of each conservatory within municipal, departmental, regional and national spaces. A cartographic approach to studying music conservatories allows the identification of problems that deserve further detailed qualitative and statistical study in the future.

Some scholars promote water governance as a normative concept to improve water resources management globally, while others conceive of it as an analytical term to describe the processes, systems and institutions around the management of water resources and water supply. Critics often highlight how specific water governance scenarios fail to deliver socially desirable outcomes, such as social justice or environmental sustainability. While water governance is often perceived as a technical matter, its conceptual and practical components are in fact based on multiple values that, nonetheless, often remain implicit. The present paper seeks to uncover this value base and discusses existing research on values from multiple perspectives, using material from economics, philosophy, psychology, and other social sciences. In different disciplines, values can be understood as fundamental guiding principles, governance-related values or as values assigned to water resources. Together, they shape complex relationships with water governance, which from an analytical perspective is understood as a combination of policy, politics, and polity. Introducing a new conceptual framework, this study seeks to provide a theoretical foundation for empirical research on water governance processes and conflicts.

This paper aims to demonstrate the building blocks of an IT Governance Risk and Compliance (IT GRC) model as well the phased stages of the optimal integration of IT GRC frameworks, standards and model through a longitudinal study. A qualitative longitudinal single case study methodology through multiple open-ended interviews were conducted over a period of four years (July 2012 to November 2015) in a retail financial institution. Our empirical study contributes to both academic research and practice in IT GRC. First, we identified the various building blocks of IT GRC domain from vertical as well as horizontal perspectives. Second, we methodologically demonstrated the gradual metamorphosis of the evolution of an IT GRC from a single ITG framework to multiple IT GRC building blocks. The journey thus throws light on the gradual staged process of attaining maturity in IT GRC by an organization. The resultant IT GRC model thus, guides managerial actions towards a better understanding of the positioning of IT GRC building blocks in an organization through the understanding of the interaction of vertical and horizontal domains. The results of the paper thus enable practitioners and academics to better understand and evaluate IT GRC implementation for effective governance, reduce risk and ensure compliance in organizations.