Suchergebnisse

"No sovereignty, no elected government, no authority, no borders". It was exactly twenty years ago, John Perry Barlow proclaimed his Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace. And those were his keywords. Today, we can say that the development of Internet governance as a global policy arena is the answer to the questions that Barlow believed irrelevant to the proper development of cyberspace. If founding myths about an ungovernable, borderless, and intangible Internet have been demolished, what power relations have emerged in the Internet governance arena? What are the ideas –or the normative values– that sustain and legitimize the political role of governmental and nongovernmental actors? And, finally, is the multi-stakeholder model capable of grasping the real conflicts over political power, or is it part of those conflicts, a narrative supporting specific interests and coalitions? The main aim of this article is to consider these issues by analysing the developments of political conflicts over Internet governance, from the IAHC to WSIS, until recent processes such as the WCIT and NetMundial. ; "Ninguna soberanía, ningún gobierno electivo, ninguna autoridad, ningún confín". Hace veinte años, John Perry Barlow proclamó su Declaración de Independencia del Ciberespacio. Y estas eran las palabras clave. Hoy día, podemos afirmar que el desarrollo del Internet Governance como ámbito de policy global responde a las preguntas que Barlow consideraba irrelevantes precisamente por lo que al desarrollo del ciberespacio se refería. Una vez que los mitos fundadores de un Internet sin confines, inmaterial y falto de estructuras de gobierno han sido derrotados, ¿cuáles son las relaciones de poder que han emergido en el campo del dominio del Internet? ¿Cuáles son las ideas –o los valores normativos– que sostienen y legitiman el papel político de los actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales? Además, ¿el modelo multi-stakeholder sabe distinguir los conflictos de poder reales, o él mismo parte de esos conflictos, como un discurso de apoyo de los intereses y de las coaliciones en juego? El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar esos cuestionamientos a través del análisis del desarrollo de los conflictos políticos respecto de la gobernanza de la red: del IAHC al WSIS, hasta llegar a los procesos más recientes, como el WCIT y el NetMundial.

The thematic and geographical expansion of EUmigration policies has gone along with an increasing mobilisation of pertinent international organisations such as the IOM and UNHCR. Combining insights from the external governance approach with IR debates on international institutional complexity, this article examines the dynamics behind this 'multilevelling' of EU external policies. Three strategies of institutional interplay are distinguished: counterweight, whereby international organisations act as independent complement or corrector to EU policy; subcontracting, referring to the outsourcing of EU project implementation to international organisations; and rule transmission, a process in which international organisations engage in transferring EU rules to third countries. Whereas greater organisational authority and autonomy have allowed the UNHCR to keep an independent voice as counterweight to EU action, both the UNHCR and IOM have become increasingly involved in the implementation of the EU's 'global approach' to migration via subcontracting and rule transmission. In sum, these processes shed a new light on the role of the EU within the international migration regime complex.

This presentation was prepared for a UWI Seminar on 27 April 2016. ; The presentation assesses the state of governance in the Caribbean Small Island Developing States (C-SIDS) by comparing these states among themselves, with other SIDS, and with the rest of the world, utilising three indicators relating to political, economic and social governance. ; N/A

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich an einem praktischen Beispiel mit der Frage, ob und inwiefern es möglich ist, auf regionaler Ebene Einfluss auf globalisierte Vorgänge und Phänomene mit dem Ziel einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung nehmen zu können. Dies soll anhand eines sogenannten extremen Fallbeispiels (vgl. Flyvbjerg 2006), dem Sojagebrauch in der Tierproduktionsregion Weser-Ems, untersucht werden. Als Grundlage wird zunächst das regionale Netzwerk der Sojanutzung erhoben und analysiert, um die relevanten Akteure, ihre Sichtweisen und Macht-Positionen zu bestimmen. Diese sind elementar für die Abschätzung der Erfolgschancen möglicher Governanceansätze. Zudem werden die Nachhaltigkeitsauswirkungen der Tierproduktion sowie notwendige Hintergrundfaktoren der Szenarien und der Tierproduktion in Literatur und aus Akteursperspektive erhoben, um Aussagen darüber treffen zu können, inwiefern der Komplex und seine Governance in Konflikt mit dem Ziel einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung geraten. Auf diese Erkenntnisse aufbauend werden zu angedachten und erwarteten Entwicklungen Governanceszenarien entworfen, um die jeweiligen Folgen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, Reaktionen der Akteure und Auswirkungen auf den betrachteten regionalen Komplex abschätzen zu können. Diese Szenarien bilden die Grundlage für konkrete Politikempfehlungen. Zugleich werden, wenn auch nur begrenzt, Rückschlüsse auf zentrale Fragen möglich, welche in den drei dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegende Konzepten (Globalisierung, nachhaltige Entwicklung, Governance) diskutiert werden.

International audience ; Knowledge management (KM) in local governance processes is being transformed through digitization (ICT), spatialization (GIS), and participatory processes; the question is whether this increases the potential for building adaptive capacity and inclusivity. The question is linked to discussions on how knowledge construction and circulation can improve competences in local government, make urban planning more knowledge-based, and provide greater recognition of citizens' knowledge (accountability). Local governance networks need such instruments in building adaptive capacity, and in dealing with increasing complexity and uncertainty. By utilizing the results from extended case studies in six medium-sized cities in India, South Africa, Brazil, and Peru, all participating in the Chance2Sustain research network, we examine how uneven technological and organisa-tional changes are transforming the ways in which local government works. Knowledge management in urban governance is configured through several issues: 1) discourses for digitizing KM in local urban development; 2) actor networks producing socio-spatial knowledge; 3) embedding KM in decision-making processes (power struggles, exclusion); and 4) influences of KM on work practices, interfaces with citizens, and organisational outcomes. The results show that 1) KM discourses concerned four issues: strategic urban planning and integrated land use planning; geographic boundaries in urban development discourses ; streamlining work processes, and mapping needs assessments; 2) initiatives mainly link government with the private sector; 3) codified and technical knowledge remain dominant in discussions on urban development; and 4) although efficiency is improved, transparency and accountability to citizens remain limited. Generally, KM is not used strategically for dealing with future complexity and uncertainty.

ABSTRACT : Implementation of good governance is an absolute necessity for the creation of a majorityof the political system of governance that is more aligned to the interests of the people in accordance withthe principles of democracy are universal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementationof the principles of good governance in the public service, to determine the factors supporting andhindering the implementation of the principles of good governance in the public service in the District ofWest Southeast Maluku District Kormomolin.The method used in this research is quantitative method. Research was carried by 75 votes kormomolinsub-district government officials and the public. The data used are primary data in the can through aquestionnaire. The analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is simple linear regression analysis.The results of data analysis showed that the variables of good governance and positive significant effect onthe variable public services at the level of 95%. Based on the results of that study concluded that goodgovernance positive and significant impact on public services at Head Office Kormomolin.It is recommended that the implementation of good governance which emphasizes the principles oftransparency and accountability in Head Office Kormomolin should be increased for the realization ofpublic services from the aspect of efficiency and effectiveness.Keywords: good governance, public services

Many Philippine studies have considered the abiotic and biotic conditions of large lakes throughout the country, however, to date few studies have dealt with the sociopolitical difficulties involved in sustainable development of lakes, this is particularly true for small lakes. Unfortunately, while scientific studies of lake composition are informative, they by no means address the actual issues behind the lack of sustainable development of Philippine lakes - complex sociopolitical factors. This article looks into the governance of Sampaloc Lake, and views it as a microcosm of small lake mismanagement all throughout the country. The governance of Sampaloc Lake is complex since it involves two principal administrative agencies - the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) and the City Government of San Pablo, various overlapping laws representing distinct interests, and stakeholders with varying demands on the utilization of the lake. It further contends that the two key issues in arresting the development of Sampaloc Lake are the lack of formulation of a zoningmanagement plan and the delay of the demolition-relocation program. Resolving the former entails scientifically-grounded compromises among the three stakeholders' proposals (namely: [a] the Tourism Council and Environment and Natural Resource Office [TC-ENRO] proposal; [b] the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management [FARMC] proposal; and [c] the Seven Crater Lakes and Watershed Management Council [SCLWMC] proposal). Resolving the latter entails addressing the financial issue of the demolition-relocation program. Overall, this study addresses the scarcity of scholarly works on lakes in the Philippines by placing the Sampaloc Lake on the literature map and expanding the governance and development studies on small lakes in the country.

This paper deals with the relationship between monetary integration and the rest of European integration. There are three questions to answer. The first is, "Did European integration cause monetary integration?" The second is, "Did European integration shape monetary integration, or it was monetary integration that shaped European integration, at least since Maastricht?" The third question is, "How did the crisis of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) impact European integration on the whole?" The key thesis of this paper is that monetary integration has its own logic, origins, and dynamics. All of them are different from those at work for other sectors under integration. Monetary, economic, and political integration are connected and influenced by each other. Nevertheless, they remain three separate pillars of a historical process that would be better to call "European integrations." The convergence of these integrations allowed completing monetary integration, which, at that point, oriented the whole integration process.

This paper explores the perceptions of Ogoni people about their system of inherited leadership in Ogoniland, It focuses on whether the Ogoni people believe that their traditional system of inherited leadership has ameliorated or exacerbated the adverse impact of oil capitalism and political interference on their communities. Fieldwork was carried out in eight communities in Ogoniland in early 2014 when 69 key informant interviews were conducted as well as three focus group discussions. The conclusion reached by the paper is that many Ogoni people believe that the system of inherited leadership has let them down in the face of external threats, and that it is time to reform that system by incorporating into it some contemporary western principles of good governance.

During the past decades, there has been a shift in the governance structure of the power transmission and distribution (PTD) industry from a market-oriented scheme to vertical integration. Such a shift in industrial governance was driven by the change in national strategy from "market in exchange for technology" to "independent innovation". Under this new policy paradigm, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission technology was perceived as strategically important for the country. The State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), whose control over the industry was initially reduced in the reform, leveraged the paradigm shift in the state policy and strengthened its position in the industry by redefining the main and auxiliary services. The State Grid successfully brought back all UHV industry-related services, such as power design, equipment manufacturing, power grid construction and capital operation, into its main business category, which could be exempted from market competition according to state regulation. Eventually, the State Grid was able to establish strong vertical integration in the whole sector. (China/GIGA)

The Pearl River Delta, one of the main regions of China's export-oriented economy, has benefited from its traditional economic structure for three decades which in turn appeared to hinder further economic development recently. To advance industrial restructuring and upgrading, the governments have promulgated policies and appropriated special funds to optimize the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta. Dongguan is a famous export-oriented and manufacturing city in China. Taking Dongguan city as a case, and applying the method of Difference-in-Difference (DID), using time-series data from 1997 to 2014, this article analyzes the policy benefits of Dongguan's industrial transformation and upgrading, aiming to not only examine the effectiveness of industrial upgrades and the effects of economic governance in the Pearl River Delta but provide some reference to other export-oriented regions of China.

The World development report (WDR) 2017 is centrally interested in the conditions under which three headline development outcomes (growth, equity, security) can be achieved by improving the effectiveness and legitimacy of governance institutions. This background paper explores all three mechanisms through the lens of efforts to improve the governance of extractive industries, in particular, to enhance the dividend of growth, equity, and security for host countries in the Global South. The authors consider the case of the extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI) which may be understood as an assemblage of power, norms, and capacities to create new institutional arrangements to govern relations between oil companies, host country governments, and citizens. The point of departure is the WDR's recognition that institutions are always exercises in and products of, that is to say they are thorough saturated with, power. The structure of the paper is as follows part one begins by noting that a feature of globalization in the post-cold war period has been the development of a range of global modalities to intervene in the regulation of economic activity and to reconfigure the power, norms, and capacities of governance institutions so as to achieve particular equity and security outcomes. Part two provides an account of the conditions of possibility, all traceable to the character of post-cold war globalization, that saw the rise of the norms and rules central to EITI that, in little over ten years have enrolled 48 countries and more than 80 major oil, gas, and mining companies. Part three examines the apparently paradoxical case of EITI's enthusiastic adoption in Nigeria.

Emergencies – crises, disasters and catastrophes – cannot be managed by individuals or one organization,collaborative actions are needed In the context of this paper, a two-part research on collaborative governance and emergency management in Latvia has been carried out. This research is important because due to extreme weather conditions even "safe" countries should be able to deal with frequently recorded emergencies. It also contributes to the literature on emergency management in the context of Europe. The method of a case study was employed for this qualitative research seeking to clarify the situation and provide answers to the research question. The research showed that much attention is being given to coordinating emergency management systems in Latvia. The new Civil Defence and Disaster Management Law is the legal basis for collaborative actions but it should be amended to ensure not only formal but also practical collaboration. ; Notfälle - Krisen, Desaster und Katastrophen - nicht von Einzelpersonen oder einzelne Organisationen verwaltet werden, weil komplizierte Probleme sind, die Zusammenarbeit von vielen Teilhabern erfordern. Leider ist im Bereich der Notfall-Management ist es nicht ungewöhnlich für die Notfallplanung und Vorsorge vernachlässigt zu werden. Da Notfälle Ereignisse von "geringe-Wahrscheinlichkeit-hohe-Folgen" sind, Organisationen der öffentlichen Verwaltung, Unternehmen und Zivilpersonen halten es nicht für rational Zeit, Geld und Energie in Etwas, das "vielleicht nie passieren wird" zu investieren. Dies kann zu Selbstüberschätzung, mangelndes Fachwissen, materiellen, technologischen und personellen Ressourcen, unangemessene Planung, Koordination und Kommunikation, und viele andere Probleme führen, die effektive und effiziente Verwaltungsmaßnahmen in Zeiten der Not untergraben.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird eine zweiteilige Forschungsfrage gestellt in Bezug auf 1) die Arten und 2) Aktivitäten der gemeinschaftlichen Verwaltung, die im Bereich des Notfallmanagements in Lettland identifiziert werden können. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, die Fallstudie Methode von Lettland wird benutzt. Der theoretische Rahmen wird aus dem Katastrophenmanagement - Zyklus konstruier, der wird mit Aktivitäten und 4 Typen der gemeinschaftlichen Verwaltung kombiniert werden. Kurzer Systemkontext wird auch zu Verfügung gestellt. Schwierigkeiten kann man identifizieren in der ersten Linie in Bezug auf der Terminologie. In Lettisch "Kollaboration" und "Kooperation" haben dieselbe Übersetzung.In Bezug auf die Forschungsfrage die folgende Antwort kann man geben: 1) im Bereich der Notfall-Management im Falle von Lettland 3 Arten/Typen der Zusammenarbeit/Kollaboration können identifiziert werden: Typ 1 oder der zwischenstaatlichen Kollaboration unter unterschiedlichen Agenturen und Spielern, Typ 2 oder die Kollaboration zwischen verschiedenen Regierungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen; und Typ 3 Kollaboration zwischen den Regierungen und externen Drittanbietern von Waren und Dienstleistungen. Die Unfähigkeit Typ 4 Zusammenarbeit zu identifizieren könnte man mit der Gesamtunterentwicklung der Forschung im Bereich das Notfallmanagement in Lettland erklären. Die folgenden Aktivitäten der Kollaboration in Notfallmanagement würden identifiziert: verbunden Trainingsübungen für Profis (Ersthelfer), private Organisationen / Unternehmen und Gemeinde-Organisationen; Austausch von Informationen, Erfahrungen, Know-how und Ressourcen; indem Beratung von und Zusammenarbeit VUGD (Feuerwehren und Rettungsdienste) in der Entwicklung Zivilverteidigungsplänen. Mehrere Kommunen nützen auch die Möglichkeit Zivilschutz Management Räte und Pläne zu verbinden. VUGD geben bekannt auch Einschätzungen von Trainingsübungen und Empfehlungen für zukünftige Verbesserungen.Obwohl der neue Zivilschutz und Katastrophenmanagement Gesetz ist nur erst vor kurzem in Kraft getreten (01.10.2016), kann man schon jetzt Probleme identifizieren: Abneigung Autorität und Ressourcen zu teilen von der Seite des Innenministeriums und der Regierung, Mangel an Forschung, Betonung auf Koordination und nicht Kollaboration. Insgesamt gibt es Potenziell für Entwicklung von gemeinschaftlichen Verwaltung in dem Bereich des Notfallmanagements in Lettland. Aber nur Zeit und weitere Forschungen werden zeigen ob und wie der neue Gesetzt umgesetzt wird und welche Auswirkungen wird es auf die Aktivitäten der gemeinschaftlichen Verwaltung haben.

Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol products can be an effective instrument for promoting public health through curbing smoking and excessive drinking, while raising significant revenues for development priorities. In 2012, the Philippines successfully passed a landmark tobacco and alcohol tax reform—dubbed the "Sin Tax Law." This book describes the design of the Philippines sin tax reform, documents the technical and political processes by which it came about, and assesses the impact that the reform has had after three years of implementation.