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A critical edition of James Fitzjames Stephen's 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity', a systematic attack on J.S. Mill's later social and political thought. It raises significant questions concerning the limits of tolerance, the relationship between liberty and individuality, and between temporal and spiritual power in modern society

A valuable resource for clinicians, Divorce: Emotional Impact and Therapeutic Interventions demonstrates how therapists and patients can work through a divorce to yield deeper insights into the self, greater tolerance of one's own limitations, and lay the groundwork for contentment with a future partner.

Field notes I: "Vive la République plurielle? -- "The republic is mine" -- Indifference, or the right to citizenship -- Field notes II: Friday prayers -- A memorial to the future -- Reconfiguring freedom -- Field notes III: a tale of two manifestos -- Of mimicry and woman -- Asymmetries of tolerance

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- About the Editor -- About the Contributors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: General Introduction -- Part I: Popper and Politics in Africa -- Chapter 2: Popper's Politics in the Light of African Values -- 2.1 Introducing Popper in Relation to Africa -- 2.2 A Sketch of Popper's Politics -- 2.3 An Afro-communal Ethic -- 2.4 Popper's Politics and the Afro-communal Ethic -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Karl Popper's Social Engineering: Piecemeal or 'Many-Pieces-at-Once'? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Understanding Piecemeal Engineering -- 3.3 Piecemeal Social Engineering as a Method of Changing Society -- 3.4 Towards Social Engineering: Piecemeal or 'Many-Pieces-at-Once'? -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Africa's Development Crisis and the Limits of Popper's Negative Utilitarianism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Karl Popper's Negative Utilitarianism -- 4.3 The Minimalist and Welfarist Approaches to State Management -- 4.4 Africa and the Crises of Development -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Karl Popper, the Nigerian State and Democratic Consolidation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The State, Democracy and Democratic Consolidation -- 5.3 The State and Democracy Consolidation: Whither Nigeria? -- 5.4 Towards Democratic Consolidation: What Is to Be Done? -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Distinctive Character of Popper's Critical Rationalism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Science and the Empirical Basis -- 6.3 Metaphysics and Its Appraisal -- 6.4 Popper's Political Thought -- 6.5 Toleration -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Tolerance, Multiculturalism and the Search for National Unity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Multiculturalism -- 7.3 On Tolerance and Toleration -- 7.4 The Paradoxes of Tolerance.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Moralizing Citizens. Democracy and Civic Education During Reconstruction (1945-1950) -- 2.1 The Origins of Proportional and Ecumenical Democracy (1870-1945) -- 2.2 The Breakthrough and Civic Education During Reconstruction -- 2.3 Proportional Versus Ecumenical Democracy -- 2.4 Disciplined Democracy -- 2.5 A Shared Culture of Community -- 3: Tolerance and Individuality. Debating Democracy in the 1950s -- 3.1 A Divided Country. The Controversy Over Civic Education -- 3.2 The Tolerance Debate -- 3.3 The Mandement Controversy and the Tolerance Paradox -- 3.4 Fighting Indifference. Socialist and Catholic Youthwork -- 3.5 Critical Priests and Youth Educators -- 3.6 Space! Make Room for Individual Development -- 3.7 The Sceptical Generation. The Generation Gap and the End of Ideology -- 4: No Country for Old Men. Contesting Authority in the 1960s -- 4.1 A New 'Crisis of Democracy' -- 4.2 Citizenship Education as a Remedy -- 4.3 Johnson Killer! Contesting Disciplined Democracy -- 4.4 Assaulting Proportional Democracy -- 4.5 Down with the 'Regents'. Assaulting Paternalism -- 5: Participation and Indoctrination. Education and Democracy in the Long 1970s -- 5.1 The Rise of Radical Democracy -- 5.2 'Action' as Political Education -- 5.3 Defending Proportional Democracy -- 5.4 Civic Education Organizations -- 5.5 The Government as Political Educator? A Small Culture War -- 5.6 Paternalist Emancipators? The Return of Libertarianism -- 6: Moralism and Hedonism. Towards a Pedagogic State Since the 1980s -- 6.1 Simply Being Allowed to Be Yourself. No Nonsense and the New Libertarianism -- 6.2 Blurred Norms. Moral Panic and the Rise of the Pedagogic State (1980-1990) -- 6.3 The Citizenship Debate in the 1990s.

Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction -- Prologue: Field Work Diary -- Chapter 1 Radicalism in Question -- 1 Forms and Expressions of Political Radicalism -- 1.1 Delineating the Perimeters of Undefined Meanings and Actions -- 1.2 Radicalism and Critical Citizenship -- 1.3 A Range of Explanatory Factors and Causalities -- 2 Specificities of Religious Radicalism and Predictive Factors -- 2.1 Injustice and Feelings of Victimisation among Minorities -- 2.2 Ideology: Religious Fundamentalism -- 2.3 Religious Ideology and Violent Action -- 2.4 Recruitment Networks and Theory of Social Identity -- 2.5 An Environment Favourable to Radicalisation -- 3 The Role of Existing Research as a Starting Point for Our Survey -- 3.1 Opinions and Behaviours Relative to Political Radicalism -- 3.2 Fundamentalism and Religious Absolutism -- Chapter 2 Religious Radicalism: from Absolutism to Violence -- 1 Religious Attitudes and Practices among School Students -- 1.1 Religious Affiliation and Socialisation -- 1.2 Religiosity: Religious Beliefs and Practice -- 1.3 Religion and Cultural Attitudes -- 2 Hypotheses on the Phenomenon of Religious Radicalism -- 2.1 Religious Absolutism -- 2.2 Religious and Extra-religious Factors of Radicalism -- 3 The Predictive Factors of Religious Absolutism -- 3.1 No Economic Effect -- 3.2 A Sense of Discrimination and Malaise with Identity-Based Issues -- 3.3 A Context Effect? -- 4 Predictive Factors for Tolerance of Violence and Deviance -- 4.1 Predictive Factors for the Justification of Religious Violence -- 4.2 A Strong Ideological Effect -- 4.3 The Decisive Effect of Tolerance for Ordinary Violence and Deviance -- 5 Effects of the Combination of Religious Absolutism and Tolerance of Violence/Deviance.

Signs on the outskirts of the second largest city in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) welcome visitors to 'the city of peace'. Lubumbashi has a reputation as a haven of tolerance in a violent nation but how are displaced people treated? Adapted from the source document.

Reprinted from various peridicals. ; Liberty and democracy.--The fear of machines.--Roussean and political homanitarianism.--Trial by combat and the tribunal of God.--Justice and progress,--Americanism.--The limits of tolerance.--Essential liberty.--America's self-revelation.--Letters to the public. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Critical examination of three discourses on a religious constitution in Argentina. In two parts, with chapters discussing aspects of the discourses, including the basis of the religious constitution, the infallibility of the Church, religious tolerance, Church laws, confession, communion, marriage, and institutional obligations of the Church

Essay written in response to the Political Constitution of Peru, 1823, with reference to D. Josè Maria Blanco, author of 'Mensájero de Londres'. Sections on the social implications of religious tolerance and freedom, religious persecution, freedom of religion, articles 8, 9 and 10 of the Constitution

Abstract
Based on a systematic review of 119 articles and working papers, we provide an overview of how administrative burdens in citizen–state interactions have been studied since the inception of the research agenda in 2012. We develop a new and comprehensive model of how key concepts in the framework are related, assess the evidence of the causal relationships proposed by the model, and discuss where more evidence is needed. Empirical research supports conventional claims that burdens are consequential, distributive, and constructed. However, the literature has moved further by (1) demonstrating that factors such as frontline service delivery and government communication influence experiences of burdens; (2) highlighting how factors beyond ideology influence constructions of burdens; (3) introducing the burden tolerance concept; (4) illustrating that experiences of burden influence policymakers' and members of the publics' burden tolerance. Based on the review, we propose an agenda for future administrative burden research. We call for studies linking experiences of burden to outcomes such as democratic behavior and take-up, and for studies connecting policymakers' burden tolerance to actual state actions. Moreover, we argue that future studies should use qualitative methods to further explore the nature of burdens from the perspective of citizens, rely on experimental methods to establish causal links between state actions and experiences of burden, and compare burdens across contexts. Further, empirical studies should examine the tradeoffs between legitimacy and experiences of burden, and how actors outside the citizen–state interaction may influence experiences of administrative burden.

Main battle tanks constitute one of the most powerful fire powers for the armoured land forces. To use this very high fire power efficiently, the dispersion of shot impacts becomes crucial. Dispersion is affected by the aerodynamic factors, gun-projectile interactions, projectile and gun dependent factors, manufacturing tolerances and environmental factors. The change in aerodynamic factors and environmental conditions varies the aerodynamic forces applied on the projectile and this affects the dispersion characteristics of the projectile. In this study, the effects of the changes in recoil stiffness, gun support stiffness, projectile muzzle velocity and manufacturing tolerances of projectile forward/rear bourrelet diameters on the dispersion for 120 mm L44 and L55 calibre guns are investigated. Armour piercing fin stabilised discarding sabot type projectile is used in the analysis. Statistical dispersion analyses including interior ballistic, in-bore balloting and exterior ballistic analyses are conducted using PRODAS ballistic software. According to the results, it is determined that the decrease in projectile/bore clearance (forward/rear bourrelet diameter) results in improved dispersion of ammunition. The 10% changes from the nominal recoil stiffness and the vertical support stiffness values have negligible effects on the dispersion. In addition, the results show that muzzle velocity variations influence the dispersion in vertical direction substantially. Using the procedure applied in this study, it is shown that different clearance conditions can be analysed and most suitable tolerances may be determined taking into consideration of both the gun system performance and manufacturability.

Actual studies in military training support the use of new methodological approaches such as high intensity interval training and inverse periodization training rather than conventional approaches. However, the application and analysis of success of these new methodologies are as yet unknown. The military adapted the civil reverse periodization training system, composed of 6 wk and five sessions per week. For the first 3 wk soldiers performed two sessions with the objective of increasing the maximal strength of the upper and lower body muscles, and three sessions of short high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In the following 3 wk they combined two endurance HIIT and two resistance HIIT sessions with military equipment while conducting a military task. After the training a significant body mass index decrease was found, along with an increase in lower limb muscular strength, aerobic and anaerobic performance, resilience, stress tolerance, and psychological flexibility. Regarding the ratio of acceptance there was an increased ratio compared to previous years of 7%. In addition, married soldiers with children presented greater resilience, stress tolerance, psychological flexibility, and a higher ratio of success. Accepted soldiers presented greater psychological status and stress tolerance, highlighting the importance of the work of the unit psychologists to reinforce and monitor the psychometric profile of the soldiers as well as their intrinsic characteristics of personality and emotionality. The greater baseline physical condition and higher performance in all physical tests proves how reverse periodization training models are a great stimuli and training approach in soldiers. Stress, psychological flexibility, performance, periodization, aerobic performance.

Since time immemorial, women have great propensity to save and invest. If not completely, to a great extent, the socioeconomic status of women has been growing in the positive direction. Obviously, their investment decisions and risk perceptions are also changing positively. Unlike previous studies, the present research aims at understanding the risk perceptions of women exclusively. The main aim of the study is to quantify the risk appetite score of women grouped on various socio-demographic bases. The study is based on the sample survey of 120 women in Mysore city. A questionnaire comprising of a 14-item financial risk-tolerance scale developed by Grable and Lytton (1998) (but slightly modified) was used. Risk appetite score was assigned to each respondent on a 5- point Likert summated scale. The respondents were grouped on the basis of the obtained score. The results show that two-thirds of the respondents were above the average score of risk tolerance. Correlation between investment objective and occupation shows a slightly negative relationship. Correlation between risk appetite score and various independent variables allowed us to have a regression model. The regression model suggests that there is a negative influence of age of women on their risk tolerance levels, a finding which is supported by many studies. Only age and education had a positive influence on the risk appetite of women. The study has great implications for the government and investment industry in framing various policies.

The expected and already observed increment in frequency of extreme climatic events may result in severe vegetation shifts. However, stabilizing mechanisms promoting community resilience can buffer the lasting impact of extreme events. The present work analyzes the resilience of a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem after an extreme drought in 2005, examining shoot-growth and needle-length resistance and resilience of dominant tree and shrub species (Pinus sylvestris vs Juniperus communis, and P. nigra vs J. oxycedrus) in two contrasting altitudinal ranges. Recorded high vegetative-resilience values indicate great tolerance to extreme droughts for the dominant species of pine-juniper woodlands. Observed tolerance could act as a stabilizing mechanism in rear range edges, such as the Mediterranean basin, where extreme events are predicted to be more detrimental and recurrent. However, resistance and resilience components vary across species, sites, and ontogenetic states: adult Pinus showed higher growth resistance than did adult Juniperus; saplings displayed higher recovery rates than did conspecific adults; and P. nigra saplings displayed higher resilience than did P. sylvestris saplings where the two species coexist. P. nigra and J. oxycedrus saplings at high and low elevations, respectively, were the most resilient at all the locations studied. Under recurrent extreme droughts, these species-specific differences in resistance and resilience could promote changes in vegetation structure and composition, even in areas with high tolerance to dry conditions. ; This study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Government) Projects CGL2008-04794 and CGL2011-29910 to R.Z., and by grant FPU-MEC (AP2005-1561) to A. H.