Suchergebnisse

Skilled sprinting is fundamental in many sports, especially to improve athletic performance in youth. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of plyometric training on sprint performance in boys aged 9–12 years. Twenty boys were divided into a plyometric training group (n = 9) and a control training group (n = 11). In both groups, participants performed respective training programs once per week for 8 weeks with measurements at baseline and post-intervention. Sprint performance was assessed by 50-m sprint time, sprint velocity, step frequency and step length at 10-m intervals. Jumping performance was assessed using horizontal, vertical and rebound jumps. The plyometric training group showed an improved sprint velocity at 20–30 m, 30–40 m and 40–50 m, and step length at 0–10 m, 20–30 m and 30–40 m (p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the plyometric group showed an increased standing long jump distance and rebound jump performance (p < 0.05). The control group did not show any significant changes in any variable. Our findings suggest that plyometric training in pre-adolescent boys improves sprint velocity and step length at the maximum velocity phase concomitant with increased horizontal and rebound jump performance.

Abstract: Osaki Midori (1896–1971) left behind only a few literary works before returning to her home in Tottori and falling silent. Yet these few avant-garde texts are now recognized as crucial to the study of Japanese women's modernist literature. As a woman writer who ignored the strict gender divisions of her time, her works continue to resonate with readers today. The mystery behind her forced return to Tottori and retirement from writing has prompted new attention to her life story, which seems to illustrate the conflict for women between a literary career and family obligations, and the realms she created in avant-garde prose that transcend the bounds of reality.

This book moves away from the common belief that Japan's international relations are firmly the preserve of the national government in Japan's highly centralised political system. Examining examples of subnational governments (SNGs) across Japan the book uncovers a significant and generally unrecognised development in Japanese politics: SNGs are ever more dynamic international actors as national borders 'weaken' across the world. Exploring what Japanese SNGs do, where they do it, and why, the book considers the implications of these factors for Japan's international relations and domestic politics. By bringing to light the scope and consequences of the international actions of Japan's SNGs, this book provides a more accurate and nuanced understanding of the country's foreign policy, at a time when it is pursuing a broader and more active profile in international affairs.

Resilience Approach for SDGs -- Introduction and Background -- Current Approach for SDGs and Needs of Resilience Approach -- Underlying Theme: Systems Perspectives -- "Looking at Nature, Humans and Society in a Continuum" -- Systems Thinking and Design Thinking for Sustainable Society -- Practical/Local Perspectives -- From Small-scales: Long-years Evolving Sustainable Society Practices in Tottori -- Collaborative Dialogue-based approach for Environmental Issues in Toyama and Volcano Issues in Nagoya -- Educational/Research Perspectives -- Emerging Trends in Educational Sustainable Development -- Linking Research and Education Across Discipline -- Conclusion -- How Resilience Approach can address SDGs?.

Background:Aging in Japan is advancing most rapidly in the world, and is expected to increase demand of medical services more in near future. Aging is uneven and progress of the aging varies from regions resulting in great differences in medical needs. In order to supply the needs for medical services, Japanese government developed "Regional Medical Vision", which estimates the near future requirements for medical resources. However, this is a plan for redistribution of medical resources taking into only future changes of population composition based on current situation. In fact, each region has diversity of medical needs, and it is difficult to use average medical needs even if they are adjusted by population structures. In consideration of such situation, we tried to estimate the social burden of major diseases of each region in order to estimate the medical needs. We picked up cerebrovascular diseases (CVD, ICD10 code: I60 - I69) and dementia (ICD10code: F01, F03, G30), and calculated their social burden of all 47 prefectures in Japan that have great authority for health policy. Method:Modifying the COI method developed by Rice D, we newly defined and estimated C-COI of CVD (ICD10 code: I60 - I69) and dementia (ICD10code: F01, F03, G30). C-COI consists of five parts; direct cost (medical), morbidity cost, mortality cost, direct cost (long term care (LTC)) and informal care cost (family's burden). Direct cost (medical) is medical cost of each disease. Morbidity cost is opportunity cost for inpatient care and outpatient care. Mortality cost is measured as the loss of human capital (human capital method). These three costs are known as components of original cost of illness by Rice D. Direct cost (LTC) is long term care insurance benefits. Family's burden is "unpaid care cost" by family, relatives and friends in-home and in-community (opportunity cost). We calculated such costs at 2013/2014 using Japanese official statistics. Results:The total C-COI of CVD in Japan was about 6,177 billion JPY, the maximum was 621 billion JPY in Tokyo and the minimum was 33 billion JPY in Tottori (Tokyo/Tottori=18.8), whereas the total C-COI of dementia was 3,778 billion JPY, the maximum was 341 billion JPY in Tokyo and the minimum was 22 billion JPY in Tottori (Tokyo/Tottori=15.5). The C-COI per capita of CVD in Japan was about 48 thousand JPY, the maximum was 66 thousand JPY in Kagoshima and the minimum was 38 billion JPY in Saitama (Kagoshima/Saitama=1.7), whereas the total C-COI of dementia was 3,778 billion JPY, the maximum was 46 thousand JPY in Shimane and the minimum was 22 thousand JPY in Chiba (Shimane/Chiba=2.1). Conclusion:We substantiated a method to calculate the social burden of medical care and LTC care for each prefecture using C-COI methods. In both diseases, a large difference was found in total costs per capita and components ratio between prefectures. The situations of social burden of diseases has diversity among prefectures. When estimating the future medical needs of each region, it is necessary to take each regional condition into account.

In some respects the Allied occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952 would appear to be a relatively straightforward kind of occupation, which could be characterized fairly simply as 'a form of government imposed by force or threat thereof'. Following the atom bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, which ended a protracted and widespread military campaign of fifteen years in East Asia and the Pacific region, Japan was extremely vulnerable to further force, or the threat of force, from the victorious Allies. Prominent historians such as John Dower have argued that the citizens of postwar Japan even embraced defeat. The Allied occupation of Japan, lead predominantly by US forces (except in Hiroshima, Tottori, Okayama, Shimane, Yamaguchi and the island of Shikoku), is popularly understood as a successful example of occupation, laying the ground for a special relationship between Japan and the United States for decades to come.

Discourse of Covid-19 poster contains persuasive sentences containing the speech acts of the government directive to urge the public to implement health protocols. The directive speech act in Japanese verbal sentences can be seen from the form of predicate. The form of the predicate is related to the grammatical category. This study describes a predicate form that reveals persuasive speech acts on Covid-19 posters in Japan. This research is descriptive qualitative. The data source is the sentence on the Covid-19 poster that applies in Japan in several provinces, namely Tottori, Chiba, Osaka, and Miyagi. Predicates were analyzed based on syntactic theory and pragmatic. Based on the result of analysis, verbs use the MASU form. In terms of tense and aspect, verbs use the TE IRU form. In terms of modality, verbs use the form OU / YOU and TE KUDASAI. The use of this form aims to influence the community to comply with the government's appeal. More over, the predicate has also eliminated. This is intended as an efficiency and the reader is considered to be able to interpret the meaning of the speech without the need to write down all parts of the sentence.

OBJECTIVE: On 7 April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. To estimate the impact of the declaration on regional cities with low numbers of COVID-19 cases, large-scale surveillance to capture the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 was urgently conducted in this study. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Social networking service (SNS)-based online survey conducted in five prefectures of Japan: Tottori, Kagawa, Shimane, Tokushima and Okayama. PARTICIPANTS: 127 121 participants from the five prefectures surveyed between 24 March and 5 May 2020. INTERVENTIONS: An SNS-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was launched. It asks questions regarding postcode, personal information, preventive actions, and current and past symptoms related to COVID-19. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Empirical Bayes estimates of age-sex-standardised incidence rate (EBSIR) of symptoms and the spatial correlation between the number of those who reported having symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases were examined to identify the geographical distribution of symptoms in the five prefectures. RESULTS: 97.8% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters of fever with significant spatial correlation (r=0.67) with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, especially in the urban centres of prefectural capital cities. CONCLUSIONS: Given that there are still several high-risk areas measured by EBSIR, careful discussion on which areas should be reopened at the end of the state of emergency is urgently required using real-time SNS system to monitor the nationwide epidemic.