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Discuss the most common care practices reported by the women assisted by traditional birth attendants at home. Methods: This is a qualitative research methodology to be used as History Thematic Oral - HOT. Results: Show that their experience in collaborative assisted by midwife traditional is a feeling of safety, shelter, where the family environment provides comfort and safety for pregnant women, beyond autonomy in choosing how to make your child, since they assume their role as protagonists of this process. Conclusion: Soon, we realized the need to add scientific knowledge with popular, combining technology with the experience of living, contributing to a reflection in search of new meanings in this special moment of giving birth.

This text proposes a reflection on art education, more specifically on plastic and visual expression and some of its main problems at a theoretical and practical level. Starting by analyzing the path of teaching and learning throughout history, we question today, its practices, between traditional teaching and the need to find alternative paths, appropriate to a world in permanent change. We try to understand the conception of art from which we started and its importance in educational practices, as well as the influence of the philosophical conception of the human being by teachers and educators, regarding the way they approach the educational proposals they develop.

This article aims to analyze the vision of science and knowledge production in its transition to modernity and contemporaneity within the meaning of an education based on creativity that values diverse knowledge. This reflection is a bibliographical character with a qualitative approach. Its theoretical foundation brings the realization of the concepts of the traditional paradigm in the context of modern science and the emerging paradigm today with a creative vision and interdisciplinary contemplating the whole of life, from the pedagogical, while production of knowledge. It is noticeable that in the contemporary perspective of creativity to transforming perspective has sought reconnection of knowledge that involves all areas of humanity valuing imagination, originality, flexibility, thinking, feeling and learning within the aspects encompassing the wholeness of life on the planet.

Occupational divisions in any country are understood largely as change in the activities of the membersin a given society and the way to earn their livelihood. Mostly, the change is observed in terms of changes in the distribution activities in the socio-economic structure of the society. India is a traditional caste-based society and so it is pertinent to describe occupational activities in terms of socio-cultural rather than the socio-economic structure. The socio-cultural implications of these occupational changes of the communities' opted alternative occupational options and understanding their development, requires interrelations of various aspects with holistic approach. The researchers felt that there is inadequacy of empirical studies relating to socio-cultural, economic and political attributes of different occupational groups. The point of departure of this paper is the caste affirmation and its ramifications on traditional communities by claiming their traditional occupations for new social identity. This affirmation in turn is expected to lead to a shift in the socio-political relationships of the community with the other dominant communities in social hierarchy. In India, occupational changes are taking place more widely than statistical changes and emerging with alternative social movement. This paper also critically analyses the existing caste theories, lacuna in the existing nomenclature, and gives a glimpse of Constitutional Privileges and their reflection on contemporary Government Orders (GOs) with special reference to a community (Scheduled Caste) in Tamil Nadu (State in South India). The paper empirically validates the emerging alternative collective social movement of a community, their social status through traditional occupation, knowledge system and their resistance to inclusion in the existing nomenclature

Forest-dwellers in the Brazilian Amazon public forests share the management of the territory and natural resources with governmental agencies, subjecting themselves to State rules. This study aims to evaluate the perception of stakeholders about the autonomy of traditional communities to carry out community timber forest management (CFM) in two federal protected areas. A Swot analysis revealed mismatches in priorities among stakeholder groups (Communities, Government and Partners). Four autonomy parameters were evaluated by 111 stakeholders using a satisfaction questionnaire. Communities and Government had similar perceptions of the autonomy of communities to develop CFM, while Partners were pessimistic. Stakeholders showed greater satisfaction with communities' social organization than with their business management ability. Licensing, operational tools and administrative knowledge were perceived as bottlenecks for community enterprises. Nevertheless, targeted public policies and a minimum regulatory requirement for CFM may guarantee community autonomy to maintain their way of life and make their forest enterprises viable. ; Forest-dwellers in the Brazilian Amazon public forests share the management of the territory and natural resources with governmental agencies, subjecting themselves to State rules. This study aims to evaluate the perception of stakeholders about the autonomy of traditional communities to carry out community timber forest management (CFM) in two federal protected areas. A Swot analysis revealed mismatches in priorities among stakeholder groups (Communities, Government and Partners). Four autonomy parameters were evaluated by 111 stakeholders using a satisfaction questionnaire. Communities and Government had similar perceptions of the autonomy of communities to develop CFM, while Partners were pessimistic. Stakeholders showed greater satisfaction with communities' social organization than with their business management ability. Licensing, operational tools and administrative knowledge were perceived as bottlenecks for community enterprises. Nevertheless, targeted public policies and a minimum regulatory requirement for CFM may guarantee community autonomy to maintain their way of life and make their forest enterprises viable. ; Forest-dwellers in the Brazilian Amazon public forests share the management of the territory and natural resources with governmental agencies, subjecting themselves to State rules. This study aims to evaluate the perception of stakeholders about the autonomy of traditional communities to carry out community timber forest management (CFM) in two federal protected areas. A Swot analysis revealed mismatches in priorities among stakeholder groups (Communities, Government and Partners). Four autonomy parameters were evaluated by 111 stakeholders using a satisfaction questionnaire. Communities and Government had similar perceptions of the autonomy of communities to develop CFM, while Partners were pessimistic. Stakeholders showed greater satisfaction with communities' social organization than with their business management ability. Licensing, operational tools and administrative knowledge were perceived as bottlenecks for community enterprises. Nevertheless, targeted public policies and a minimum regulatory requirement for CFM may guarantee community autonomy to maintain their way of life and make their forest enterprises viable. ; Forest-dwellers in the Brazilian Amazon public forests share the management of the territory and natural resources with governmental agencies, subjecting themselves to State rules. This study aims to evaluate the perception of stakeholders about the autonomy of traditional communities to carry out community timber forest management (CFM) in two federal protected areas. A Swot analysis revealed mismatches in priorities among stakeholder groups (Communities, Government and Partners). Four autonomy parameters were evaluated by 111 stakeholders using a satisfaction questionnaire. Communities and Government had similar perceptions of the autonomy of communities to develop CFM, while Partners were pessimistic. Stakeholders showed greater satisfaction with communities' social organization than with their business management ability. Licensing, operational tools and administrative knowledge were perceived as bottlenecks for community enterprises. Nevertheless, targeted public policies and a minimum regulatory requirement for CFM may guarantee community autonomy to maintain their way of life and make their forest enterprises viable.

In this paper, Charles Mills discusses what he calls "white ignorance", developing one of the main themes of his 1997 book, 'The Racial Contract'. His discussion is concerned with the idea of a cognitive disadvantage based on membership in a social group, which is not strange to the radical philosophical tradition, and that has been explored with more vigor in the recent Social Epistemology, in debates about epistemic injustices, silencing, willful ignorance, cognitive biases, epistemological standpoints, etc. Mills argues for an "Epistemology of the white ignorance", a racially and socially situated epistemology, which contraposes itself, in a great extent, to the individualistic tendencies of the traditional epistemological work, while conserving the interests in objectivity and truth of this work.

Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), French philosopher, followed a period of ruptures, that is, of conceptual and methodological changes in contemporary physics. He is one of several thinkers who presented important reflections for the understanding of contemporary atomistics. This article highlights the main philosophical reflections of Gaston Bachelard about the foundations of quantum mechanics. For that, it uses important concepts of its epistemology without which its ideas become incomprehensible. Thus, this work highlights how this science breaks with traditional scientific and philosophical ideas in the first half of the 20th century by presenting a new object of knowledge, namely, the quantum corpuscles. Furthermore, in order to characterize the philosophy of bachelardian quantum physics, according to the author, the nature of atomic particles stands out, as the scientific activity of this science in the creation of new phenomena is emphasized and its rationalism applied as philosophy is emphasized best suited to the new physics. Finally, it is emphasized in this work that Bachelard's ideas are different from other interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), French philosopher, followed a period of ruptures, that is, of conceptual and methodological changes in contemporary physics. He is one of several thinkers who presented important reflections for the understanding of contemporary atomistics. This article highlights the main philosophical reflections of Gaston Bachelard about the foundations of quantum mechanics. For that, it uses important concepts of its epistemology without which its ideas become incomprehensible. Thus, this work highlights how this science breaks with traditional scientific and philosophical ideas in the first half of the 20th century by presenting a new object of knowledge, namely, the quantum corpuscles. Furthermore, in order to characterize the philosophy of bachelardian quantum physics, according to the author, the nature of atomic particles stands out, as the scientific activity of this science in the creation of new phenomena is emphasized and its rationalism applied as philosophy is emphasized best suited to the new physics. Finally, it is emphasized in this work that Bachelard's ideas are different from other interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Na esteira da conquista colonial de África, desencadeada na segunda metade do século XIX, alguns antropólogos e missionários europeus, que estabeleceram longa convivência com sociedades de diferentes regiões do continente africano, lograram realizar as primeiras recolhas e sistematizações acadêmicas do imaginário cultural de comunidades tradicionais. Tomando tal contexto como pano de fundo e contraponto, o artigo destaca algumas vozes de teóricos "nativos" (Ki-Zerbo, Hampaté Bâ, Honorat Aguessy), com vistas a explicitar e discutir alguns traços do proprium cultural africano. Na concepção daquelas culturas tradicionais, a religião, assentada no mesmo arco da cultura oral, funda todos os demais componentes da vida social. Sobre tal pressuposto, o texto discute quatro aspectos principais: a concepção (ingênua) de uma unidade cultural africana; a importância da tradição oral para o conhecimento da história e do imaginário das sociedades daquele continente; as imbricações da ação política e das questões culturais; as polarizações (desnecessárias) de Europa versus África para fins de caracterizar adequadamente as culturas africanas.Palavras-chave: Culturas africanas. Religião tradicional africana. Oralidade. AbstractDuring the colonial conquest of Africa, which began in the second half of the nineteenth century, some European missionaries and anthropologists, who have established long acquaintance with some societies from different regions of Africa, managed to make the first academic collection and systematization of African traditional thought. Taking such a context as a backdrop and counterpoint, this article highlights some voices of African theorists (Ki-Zerbo, Hampaté Bâ, Honorat Aguessy), in order to explain and discuss some essential features of African culture. Within the traditional African conception, the religion, founded on the same pillars of oral culture, founds all other components of social life. On this assumption, the text discusses four main aspects: the naive conception of an African cultural unity; the importance of the oral tradition to the knowledge of history and of African imagery; imbrications of political action and cultural issues; unnecessary polarizations of the Europe versus Africa for purposes of adequately characterize African cultures.Keywords: African Cultures. African traditional religion. Orality.

Traditional Storage in Guinea Bissau is closely linked to food security of its rural population. Storage occurs nearly exclusively on the compound or family level and is subject to complex relationships between family members. Crop protection and storage are highly ritualised domains as they are closely linked to the survival of the families. Any interventions intended to improve or change storage systems, in order to reduce post-harvest losses, which for many crops are very high, therefore have to deal with the internal power structures as well as with the spiritual dimension associated with this basic human activity. A profound knowledge of current practices is therefore of the essence. Traditional storage systems show a clearly ethnic configuration. This report presents the first five results of a study on 11 ethnic storage systems, namely: Mandinga, Beafada, Nalú, Fula de Quebo and Balanta. It details for each crop cultivated the seeds, the harvest methods, the storage system, including receptacles, containers and magazines, (with drawings) and the major threats facing different crops in each stage.

Based on the film "Dead Poets Society" (1989), the article points out the chaos created within the traditional North American school Welton through the work of Professor John Keating in the establishment of new teaching and learning methods for literature, as it tends to to encourage the questioning about the meaning and value of life and the cultivation of oneself as a possibility of producing a new and extemporaneous content and knowledge as an affirmation of the forces of life. Thus, based on Friedrich Nietzsche's (1844-1900) critique of "historical culture" as a product of the contradiction involving life and culture, the article emphasizes that the knowledge that has roots in "historical culture" is characterized as an unproductive capital, signaling the inexistence of rights of Philosophy between historical culture and the formative-educational process and the need for a correlation between art and philosophy before science and truth. Therefore, opposing the transformation of philosophy into erudition in the name of "historical culture" and the "philosophers" who place themselves at its service, Nietzsche denounces the reduction of being, life and vision to the framework of concepts, opinions, pasts, books in a critical analysis that focuses on the question involving philosophy professors between life and the science of universal becoming: philosophers or servers of "history"?

The historical development of the northern end of Tocantins is intrinsically linked to a double bond: the place and identity. In this perspective, the text approaches aspects of the settlement process in the Parrot's Beak, considering, among other characteristics, ownership of free land for the constituent work place in order that links the land from production to residence, the coexistence and socio-cultural practices resulting ultimately in the identity construction that feeds on humanitarian values. The methodological procedure adopted included a literature review subsidized especially by authors of different theoretical affiliations, but convergent to the subject. In this study, we seek to establish the relationship between place and identity in designing training subjects as broader social process in which it is effective for the exchange of knowledge, attitudes and ways of life not institutionalized by school standards, which help to understand the basis of uses and customs of nortense population arising from traditional rural life.

This paper examines the reading of Hans Jonas about the impact of new technologies on human and extra-humanlife. He highlights, in particular, that new technologies have assumed an excessive power to the man, who bringsboth good and disastrous consequences, which may even lead to the extinction of the present and future life. He confirms that this significant increase in technical knowledge. Unfortunately, that was not proportional to the increase of human wisdom. So, our intention is to present, according to the understanding of Hans Jonas, the proposed review of the prevailing ethical levels along the western philosophical tradition; elucidating the main features of modern technology; presenting the shortcomings of traditional ethics before emerging problems in the contemporary world; circumscribing how ethical principle of responsibility emerges and showing how extent scientific progress demands ethical prudence. Therefore, we support the idea that the ethics of Hans Jonas goes beyond the anthropocentric relationship, promoting bio-cosmocentric ethics that includes the extra-human, considering the development of ethical awareness and the responsibility of man to the present and future of life on the planet.