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Environmental hazards do not respect international boundaries. In this volume, distinguished international researchers make a significant contribution to the understanding and management of transboundary environmental risks.The transboundary risk topics addressed highlight the key political, economic, social and cultural issues of our times, such as how transboundary risks are constructed, how they are communicated within and between countries, how the authorities can build trust in political management processes, and what forms of democratic risk management institutions are appropriate.Useful practical lessons on the management of transboundary risk at the national and international levels are drawn from the case studies. The volume provides valuable evidence and analysis for those working on international environmental issues and all aspects of risk management.

1. Regulating risk in a fragmented world -- 2. Making rules and shaping knowledge -- 3. Mobile telephony and radiation protection : regulating risk or local self-governance -- 4. Oil transport in the Baltic Sea : environmental protection and the freedom of the high seas -- 5. Climate change adaptation : regulation under formation -- 6. Regulating coexistence : the creation of new discursive sites for the battle over GM crops -- 7. Co-producing frames, actors and knowledge.

A New Paradigm for Biodiversity Governance in a Transnational World / Louis J. Kotze and Thilo Marauhn -- Transboundary Environmental Governance of Biodiversity in the Anthropocene / Louis J. Kotze -- The Concept of Public Trusteeship in the Transboundary Governance of Biodiversity / Peter H. Sand -- Transfrontier Protection of the Natural Environment, Globalization and State Sovereignty / Francois Venter -- An Ecosystem Approach to the Transboundary Protection of Biodiversity / Thilo Marauhn and Ayse-Martina Bohringer -- Universal Transboundary Protection of Biodiversity and Its Impact on the Low-level Transboundary Protection of Wildlife / Ulrich Beyerlin -- European Regional Approaches to the Transboundary Conservation of Biodiversity: The Bern Convention and the EU Birds and Habitats Directives / Floor Fleurke and Arie Trouwborst -- Protected Areas Governance in a Southern African Transfrontier Context / Alexander Paterson

This Article asks why regulation of transboundary pollution remains so underdeveloped in a world where environmental policy in general is becoming increasingly centralized. In Part I, I canvass in greater detail the disparity between official norms and legal reality in the regulation of transboundary pollution. In Part II, I ask whether certain structural features common to transboundary pollution disputes account for this failure. In Part III, I consider the additional possibility that the failure of transboundary pollution regulation is partly a function of the official legal norm of strict liability that supposedly governs these disputes. In Part IV, I return to the original jurisdiction decisions rendered by the United States Supreme Court in the first three decades of this century. In Part V, I will advance some reasons why such a golden rule, operating in tandem with another golden rule that would require source states to treat affected states as well as the source state treats its own citizens, provides a more satisfactory starting point for overcoming the structural barriers to the effective regulation of transboundary pollution. I do not claim that the golden rules offer a panacea for transboundary pollution. The very real structural obstacles to effective regulation discussed in Part II will continue to frustrate most proposals for collective action. Furthermore, there are circumstances in which the golden rules would not improve upon strict liability-for example, where the polluting activity is novel and has not given rise to any tradition of regulation in either state. My contention is more modest and comparative: the golden rules, with their appeal to a general standard of reciprocity, provide a better foundation for building a consensus for meaningful regulation of transboundary pollution than does the current assumption in favor of a universal norm of strict liability.

We examine the effectiveness of federal environmental policy designed to control transboundary pollution. Federal policy is shaped after the hierarchy of the system, and is controlled simultaneously by regional and central governments; each level controls one of two policy instruments: pollution abatement and tax. We obtain larger than socially desirable levels of transboundary pollution when the central government is the policy leader. Federal policy, however, may be socially efficient when regional governments are leaders whenever income transfers, chosen by the central government, provide incentives for efficient decentralized behavior. Our findings are useful to environmental policy design in the European Union.

The Chernobyl disaster, the Amoco Cadiz oil spill and the Colorado River dispute are examples of an activity conducted by one state which has serious adverse effects in the territory of another, or in global common areas. This book details the international rules and compensation procedures and is intended for use by governmental officials, international lawyers and jurists. It discusses existing laws on international liability and considers the underlying legal issues that require further development. It is one of the few books on the subject written from the perspective of a developing country with rapid economic and social development