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The possibility of individuals procreating post-transition has long stalked debates on transgender rights. In 1972, Sweden became the first European jurisdiction to formally acknowledge preferred gender. Under the original Swedish law, applicants for gender recognition were explicitly required to prove an incapacity to reproduce—either through natural infertility or through a positive act of sterilisation. Across the Council of Europe, 20 countries continue to enforce a sterilisation requirement. When considering reforms to their current gender recognition rules as recently as 2015, the Polish executive and the Finnish legislature both rejected proposals to remove mandatory infertility provisions. This article critiques the rationales for transgender sterilisation in Europe. It places transgender reproduction, and non-traditional procreation, in the wider context of European equality and family law. Adopting a highly inter-disciplinary framework, the article explores legal, social, medical, and moral arguments in favour of sterilisation, and exposes the weak intellectual and evidential basis for the current national laws. The article ultimately proposes a new departure for Europe's attitude towards transgender parenting, and argues that sterilisation should not be a pre-condition for legal recognition.

Nearly 300,000 transgender youth and adults may be negatively impacted by legislation introduced in 15 states. This report estimates the number of transgender people ages 13 and older in each of those states, including Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. These bills would limit access to single-sex restrooms and locker rooms at schools and in public places; limit protections based on gender identity; permit individuals and businesses to discriminate against transgender people based on religious and moral beliefs; and limit the ability to change certain vital records documents, such as birth certificates, or enforce the use of birth certificates to establish an individual's sex for certain purposes. The report includes a brief description of each bill, which age groups it would affect, and how many transgender people we estimate live in each state.

Despite being married to a U.S. citizen, non-citizen transgender individuals and non-citizen spouses married to transgender U.S. citizens still face deportation today due to current immigration policies. When forced to return to their home countries, transgender individuals are likely to encounter violence from those who perpetuate hate towards transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. Instead of protecting these individuals, the United States continues to send people back to their native countries solely because those individuals do not fall within the narrowly constructed definition of marriage some states use that is legally recognized by federal courts. Transgender individuals receive disparate treatment as a direct result of This Comment argues that such inconsistent treatment is unfair and, more importantly, unconstitutional. This Comment also evaluates the inequities and inconsistencies that stem from the In re Lovo-Lara decision, the equal protections afforded by the U.S. Constitution, and the recent court of appeals trend that has deemed the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional altogether.

This article proposes the use of transgender theory within medieval studies as both a productive and a politically significant optic. The article employs transgender theory to effect a new reading of the miraculous transformation of the character of Blanchandin/e, in the fourteenth-century French chanson de geste, Tristan de Nanteuil, from female to male. First, the often-overlooked importance of Judith Butler's analysis of sex and gender for the understanding of transgender and non-normatively-gendered identities is addressed. Next, using theoretical work by Deleuze, and by Deleuze and Guattari, the article demonstrates how the rhizomatic and folding structures that a transgender reading of Blanchandin/e's transformation brings to light cohere with the series of rhizomes and folds which structure the genealogical logic of the text as a whole. The family tree of Tristan de Nanteuil is shown to answer to queer, rhizomatic, and folding imperatives. In this way, the article demonstrates that the text's transgender genealogy contradicts the anti-generative model of queerness proposed by queer theory's antisocial turn.

Transgender community in India has been a subject of systematic discrimination for centuries and because of this discrimination, the access to right to health of the community has been in a chokehold. The Supreme Court through its judgment in NALSA paved the way for progressive and affirmative rights for the community and there were a lot of expectations from the Transgender person Act, 2019 but the Act has simply failed to deliver. Especially in the healthcare front, the policies in India have been inadequate to say the least. This article explores how in India there is no systematic right to health and hence, it is essential that there must be a law that confers it and in case of the transgender persons, this legislative intervention becomes imperative. Another facet of this article is the possible justifications for the State to provide gender affirmative healthcare services. I build upon the already existing principles such as autonomy and medical necessity.

This article proposes the use of transgender theory within medieval studies as both a productive and a politically significant optic. The article employs transgender theory to effect a new reading of the miraculous transformation of the character of Blanchandin/e, in the fourteenth-century French chanson de geste, Tristan de Nanteuil, from female to male. First, the often-overlooked importance of Judith Butler's analysis of sex and gender for the understanding of transgender and non-normatively-gendered identities is addressed. Next, using theoretical work by Deleuze, and by Deleuze and Guattari, the article demonstrates how the rhizomatic and folding structures that a transgender reading of Blanchandin/e's transformation brings to light cohere with the series of rhizomes and folds which structure the genealogical logic of the text as a whole. The family tree of Tristan de Nanteuil is shown to answer to queer, rhizomatic, and folding imperatives. In this way, the article demonstrates that the text's transgender genealogy contradicts the anti-generative model of queerness proposed by queer theory's antisocial turn.

The Future Voices in Public Services column is a forum for graduate students in library and information science programs to discuss key issues in academic library public services, to envision what they feel librarians in public service have to offer to academia, to tell us their visions for the profession, or to share research being conducted in library schools. We hope to provide fresh perspectives from those entering our field, in both the United States and other countries. Interested faculty of graduate library and information science programs, who would like their students' ideas represented in these pages, are invited to contact Miriam L. Matteson. Stephen Krueger received a Master of Science in Library Science degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science in May 2017. In this essay, he explores library service to transgender patrons looking first at relevant federal legislation and library policies that support services and then discussing steps library staff can take to provide meaningful support for transgender patrons.

After changing its city branding several times, Semarang now has a new city branding, namely "Semarang Variety of Culture." However, the city branding reaped contra from academics and cultural figures because Semarang was considered not sufficient yet in terms of representing its cultural diversity. Responding to this, the Semarang City Government and the Semarang City Public Works Department created a public service advertisement on CCTV socialization for flood control in the city of Semarang with a transgender figure as the ad star. This research was qualitative research designed with Seymour Chatman's Narrative Analysis. The research found a commodification and objectification of transgender people who imitated the feminine style of women in the advertisement. In other words, the public service announcement of Semarang CCTV socialization lowered the femininity, which is synonymous with women.The public service advertisement also violated the moral codes adopted by the majority of the Indonesian people.

BACKGROUND: Insurance-based denials are common barriers for transgender and non-binary individuals in accessing medically necessary gender-affirming care. Little is known about how experiences of transgender-related insurance denials may vary by insurance type. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association between transgender and non-binary individuals' experiences of different forms of transgender-related insurance denials and insurance type. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The 2015 United States Transgender Survey was conducted by the National Center for Transgender Equality to ascertain US transgender and non-binary experiences across multiple life experiences, including individual health status, health services access and utilization, and experiences with denials. MAIN MEASURES: Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted, and adjusted risk ratios were calculated, to analyze the likelihood of experiencing eight different forms of denials by insurance type, including private, Medicare, Medicaid, and military-related, and having multiple types of insurance coverage. KEY RESULTS: Models revealed significant relationships between transgender-related insurance denials and insurance type for 11,320 transgender and non-binary adults. Compared with those with private insurance, Medicaid coverage was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing denials for hormone therapy (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) = 1.22; CI = 1.05–1.42; p = 0.02); having no in-network surgery providers was associated with Medicare (ARR = 1.84; CI = 1.29–2.62; p = 0.009) or Medicaid (ARR = 1.54; CI = 1.20–1.98; p = 0.003); and military-based insurance was associated with transition-related surgery denials (ARR = 1.53; CI = 1.36–1.72; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Researchers and practitioners must consider the link between type of insurance coverage and experiences with different forms of transgender-related insurance denial. These results provide continuing support for broad non-discrimination policy efforts, but also direct our ...

Transgender individuals in the U.S. face many forms of discrimination that lead them to unstable housing situations or homelessness. Although some governmental social programs such as programs under the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act help address transgender homelessness, more social service programs are necessary to sufficiently resolve this critical problem.

Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Transgenderthematik auf politischer, gesellschaftlicher und kultureller Ebene wird immer wieder auch medial verhandelt. Um Verständnis und Akzeptanz zu fördern und Diskriminierung und Transphobie entgegenzuwirken, gilt es, das Thema auch pädagogisch aufzuarbeiten. Die Thematik wird aus medizinischer, gesellschaftlicher und rechtlicher Perspektive dargelegt, um anschließend aufzuzeigen, inwiefern sie in der Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen und in der Schule vertreten ist. Dabei wird offensichtlich, dass hinsichtlich pädagogischer Ansätze in der Schule Nachholbedarf besteht. Um Jugendliche für die Identitätsherausforderungen von Transgendern zu sensibilisieren, eignet sich der US-amerikanische Spielfilm "Trans­america", welcher hier insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Identitätsherausforderungen der Hauptcharaktere medienpädagogisch analysiert wird. In der abschließenden medienpädagogischen Einschätzung wird erörtert, inwiefern der Film auch im Unterricht eingesetzt werden kann.

Transkulturalität, Transnationalität, Transgender, Transspecies – Innerhalb des letzten Jahrzehnts erleben die politischen und wissenschaftlichen Debatten um Theorien, die sich dem Präfix 'trans'‹ (lat. 'jenseits, über, über – hin') verpflichtet sehen, eine bemerkenswerte Konjunktur. Grundlegend verbindet sich mit diesen Konzepten die Vorstellung eines übergreifenden und umfassenden Diskurses, der für durchlässige Konturen plädiert. Analytisch ermöglichen die Theorien des 'trans' die konzeptuelle Erfassung von Phänomenen, die sich in einem Prozess des Werdens befinden und aus entgegengesetzten Strukturen, Logiken, Dynamiken und Funktionsweisen bestehen. 'Trans' verweist folglich nicht auf geschlossene Identitätsvorstellungen, sondern enthält fluide Grenzverläufe. Die damit verbundenen subversiven Vorstellungen finden sowohl verstärkt Gehör in gesamtgesellschaftlichen Kontexten als auch innerhalb wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen, die sich abseits einer Fortschreibung kanonischer Inhalte neu konzipieren. Doch trotz ihres vielversprechenden kritischen Potentials sehen sich Konzepte der kulturellen und territorialen Grenzüberschreitung zunehmend einer negativen Beurteilung ausgesetzt. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, dass 'trans' gesellschaftliche Ausschlussmechanismen in Form eines immanenten Kulturrassismus begünstigt, politisch-ökonomische Machtinteressen neuer und alter Eliten repräsentiert, den ethno- und eurozentrischen Blick nicht abstreifen kann und eine neoliberale Wirtschaftspolitik fördert. Diese Sichtweise will der vorliegende Band zum Ausgangspunkt nehmen, um nach der Leistungsfähigkeit, aber auch nach den Grenzen der Überschreitung in Konzepten des 'trans' zu fragen. An welchen normativen Grenzen zerbrechen Trans_Konzepte und in welchen Bereichen spielen sie eine Rolle? Erfüllen sie ihre subversive Bestimmung oder verkommen sie zu einem elitären Projekt und einem Leitbild globalisierter Gesellschaften? Und wo dienen sie wiederum als Räume für neue Wege der Interaktion? Der Fokus bei der Auseinandersetzung mit Trans_Konzepten liegt dabei sowohl auf der konzeptuellen Verfassung von diesen selbst, als auch auf den Wechselbeziehungen mit konservativen Kultur- und Identitätsmodellen im öffentlichen Raum.

This essay is designed to create, consider, and suggest a possible solution on the issue of transgender bathrooms. Under the Trump Administration, Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is open to interpretation on the local court level, creating opportunities for local and state governments to pass laws and policies discriminating against transgender people (Attention turns to courts, 2017, para. 1). North Carolina took advantage of this conservative interpretation and in March of 2016 passed House Bill Two. The bill requires transgender people to use the restroom that corresponds with the sex on their birth certificate (Us says North Carolina…, 2016, para. 1). It leaves transgender people vulnerable to more public acts of discrimination and violence. Potentially this can harm their psyche and promote disadvantages in their lives. Those who agree with the new conservative interpretation are concerned with the right to privacy and believe transgender people suffer from a mental disorder. Along with discrimination, transitioning is an extremely vulnerable time for transgender people; forcing them to use the restroom that they do not identify with causes a great deal of harm. In hopes of halting and reversing this toxic path of bigotry, a solution that is the most effective and least likely to lead to violence is to enlighten people through the dissemination of information about transgender issues.

Since 2012, 16 laws granting rights to trans individuals have been passed in Spanish regions. How can we assess the quality of these laws? Do they all profoundly and positively transform trans people's well-being? Do they tackle the economic marginalization of trans people? Do they have a symbolic impact? Using multidimensional criteria, I analyze trans-specific and LGBTI+ antidiscrimination policies to define trans-positivity in policymaking. This article uses feminist theory to judge this legislation's value, contrasting that with the insights of activists and policymakers interviewed for this purpose. Benefiting from the discussion between Nancy Fraser (1995) and Judith Butler (1997), the quality of trans legislation can be assessed by looking at both cultural recognition and economic redistribution. In addition, following Andrea Krizsan and Emanuela Lombardo (2013), I also analyze these laws through the lens of empowerment and transformation. Having made the elusive relationship between sexuality and political economy in trans laws in Spain visible, I call for greater imagination to envisage other sorts of political actions for trans people.

An estimated 150,000 transgender individuals have served in the U.S. armed forces, or are currently on active duty. In addition, an estimated 134,000 transgender individuals are veterans or are retired from Guard or Reserve service, 8,800 transgender adults are currently on active duty in the U.S. armed forces, and an estimated 6,700 transgender individuals are serving in the Guard or Reserve forces. Transgender individuals assigned female at birth are nearly three times more likely than all adult women, and those assigned male at birth are 1.6 times more likely than all adult men, to serve. The estimates are derived using data from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey and the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, which was conducted by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force and the National Center for Transgender Equality.