Suchergebnisse

AUTHOR DISCUSSES ALTERNATIVES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES (PIAS), SUGGESTING THAT THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES: TREATIES OR FORMAL AGREEMENTS ARE NOT CENTRAL TO THEIR OPERATION, ETC. THESE ALTERNATIVE 'ORGANIZATIONS' ARE DIVIDED INTO 4 GROUPS: CHANGING LINES OF NATIONAL JURISDICTION; NATIONAL BUREAUCRACIES; PRIVATE GROUPS; NONCOMMERCIAL GROUPS. EACH IS COMPARED WITH PIAS.

"In der Anbindung der Dritten Welt an die Satellitentechnologie, die als außerirdisches Netzwerk zum treibenden Moment für die Installierung computerisierten Informationsaustausches wird, lassen sich fünf Tendenzen analysieren: 1. die ökonomische und politische Außensteuerung der Dritten Welt erhöht sich um ein Vielfaches, 2. die Abhängigkeit vom Kapital erhöht sich, 3. das Grundbedürfnis nach dialogischer Kommunikation wird vernachlässigt, 4. die strukturelle Heterogenität innerhalb der Dritten Welt wird gefördert und 5. die Dritte Welt wird ihrer kulturellen Identität beraubt. Der Einsatz von Satellitentechnologie in der Dritten Welt erweist sich somit als exemplarisches Mittel, die gegenwärtige strukturelle Abhängigkeit zu intensivieren. Diese intensivierte abhängige Anbindung der Dritten Welt an den Weltmarkt erfährt eine pointierte Unterstützung durch die neue Reagan-Administration. Dennoch sind Widersprüche und Bruchstellen sichtbar, die diese Anbindung qua Satellitentechnologie zukünftig erschüttern könnten: 1. die Politik der Blockfreien Bewegung, 2. die Strategie der Multilateralisierung seitens der Dritten Welt in internationalen Organisationen, 3. die Herrschaftskonflikte zwischen transnationalen Unternehmen und staatlichen Akteuren, 4. die euro-amerikanische Konkurrenz, 5. die Fragilität der internationalen Kreditwirtschaft, 6. die Marginalisierung großer Teile der Dritten Welt und 7. die möglicherweise langfristig eintretende Steuerungsunfähigkeit von Großrechneranlagen." (Autorenreferat)

Eighty interviews with bureaucratic and political actors in five national capitals illustrate the Keohane/Nye theoretical argument concerning the importance of transnational and, specifically, transgovernmental factors in world politics. Focusing upon the development and application of integrative techniques between countries which have no formal supemational integrative institutions, the paper reports on the practice of transgovernmental politics within the dyad of Canada and the United States, and the triad of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Dealing both with middlelevel bureaucratic practitioners concerned with horizontal coordination of policy and administration between countries, and with bureaucratic and political actors responsible for the cohesiveness of national policies, the paper explores situations in which the demands of external and domestic harmonization are inconsistent, and sometimes mutually contradictory. The problem of maintaining "dual coherence" in domestic and external policy and administration is identified, and procedures for attempting such coordination are discussed. Of importance are modifications within the traditional institutions of inter-state communication: foreign offices and embassies. Recommendations are made on the basis of the intra-North American and intra Scandinavian experiences. It is suggested that considerable insight into managing policy and administrative areas which are neither purely domestic nor purely external may be gained by the study of bureaucratic experience only infrequently considered by students or governmental managers. Insights which may be gained from such study, it is argued, may be of great relevance in dealing with the challenge which transgovernmental horizontal harmonization now poses for national administrations.

Contents: Pramoedya's buro novels banned -- Government warns against election boycott -- Two Papuan detainees murdered -- PNG government orders West Papuan refugees to leave -- Legal Aid institute under attack -- Many political prisoners in Java serving long sentences -- Treachery and the civil service -- US Green Berets in East Timor? -- Tribunal condemns Indonesia's aggression in East Timor -- Labour disputes and military intervention -- Book Review: Japanese Transnational Enterprises in Indonesia

Development policy is analyzed by liberal models in terms of bargaining transactions between interest-maximizing actors and by the dependency perspective in terms of the internalized requirements of worldwide capital accumulation. Both approaches assume the working of capitalist rationality in dependent nations. In contrast, a focus on productive relations, class alliances, and political coalitions reveals the constraints on developmental policies in nations built around the partial development of capitalist productive forces and occupying a subordinate role in the international division of labor. Analysis of the Venezuelan auto policy during the Pérez administration (1974–79) shows the relations constituting socially defined actors and the structures underlying the policy bargaining process. It posits that in Venezuela there is a growing disjuncture between the internationally conditioned requirements of capital accumulation and the locally based demands of social reproduction; that the common interest of state and bourgeoisie in maintaining the rentier basis of the economy shapes the direction and extent of industrial development; and that circulation of petrodollars has absorbed production as a phase of circulation. The struggle between state and transnational corporations over local engine manufacture, and the tension between import substitution and export promotion, concealed an underlying conflict between rent appropriation and capital accumulation.

I The International Law Association -- The International Law Association: a World-Wide Organization for Development and Promotion of International Law -- The Daily Life and Administration of the International Law Association -- L'influence de l'International Law Association sur la doctrine et la pratique du droit international -- II The Present State of International Law -- The Development of the Charter of the United Nations: the Present State -- Implications et aspects juridiques de la coexistence pacifique -- The International Law of Human Rights in the Middle Twentieth Century -- The Law of War -- Historique et état actuel du droit international medical -- The Present State of International Water Resources Law -- Some Reflections on the Present and Future Law of the Sea -- Air Law -- The Present State of Space Law -- Prospects for Regulation of Environmental Conservation under International Law -- The Present State of the Law Regarding the Extra-Territorial Application of Restrictive Trade Legislation -- Quelques aspects du droit monétaire contemporain -- Etat actuel du droit des investissements étrangers dans les pays en voie de développement -- The Present State of the Law Regarding International Commercial Arbitration -- The Present State of the Law on State Succession -- The Present State of Transnational Law -- The Montevideo Treaties of 1889 and 1940 and their Influence on the Unification of Private International Law in South America -- The Present State of Choice of Law in the United States -- L'état présent de la Conférence de La Haye de Droit International Privé.