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Challenging nuclearism explores how a deliberate 'normalisation' of nuclear weapons has been constructed, why it has prevailed in international politics for over seventy years and why it is only now being questioned seriously. The book identifies how certain practices have enabled a small group of states to hold vast arsenals of these weapons of mass destruction and how the close control over nuclear decisions by a select group has meant that the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons have been disregarded for decades. The recent UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons will not bring about quick disarmament. It has been decried by the nuclear weapon states. But by rejecting nuclearism and providing a clear denunciation of nuclear weapons, it will challenge nuclear states in a way that has until now not been possible. Challenging nuclearism analyses the origins and repercussions of this pivotal moment in nuclear politics.

Disregarding the Corporate Veil and Denial of Benefits Clauses : Testing Treaty Language and the Concept of "Investor" Rachel Thorn & Jennifer Doucleff -- Private Enforcement of International Investment Law : Why We Need Investor Standing in BIT Dispute Settlement Stephan W. Schill -- Drawing the Limits of Free Transfer Provisions Alejandro Turyn & Facundo Perez Aznar -- A Comparison of ICSID and UNCITRAL Arbitration : Areas of Divergence and Concern Stephen Jagusch & Jeffrey Sullivan -- The Issues Raised by Parallel Proceedings and Possible Solutions August Reinisch -- Parallel Proceedings : A Practitioner's Perspective Richard Kreindler -- Annulment and its Role in the Context of Conflicting Awards Christina Knahr -- Compensation for Non-expropriatory Investment Treaty Breaches in the Argentine Gas Sector Cases : Issues and Implications Kathryn Khamsi -- Arbitrator Integrity William Park -- Amicus Curiae : A Panacea for Legitimacy in Investment Arbitration? Nigel Blackaby & Caroline Richard -- Participation of Non-governmental Organizations in Investment Arbitration as Amici Curiae Amokura Kawahru -- Legality of Investments under ICSID Jurisprudence Gabriel Bottini -- Invoking State Defenses in Investment Treaty Arbitration A Martinez -- Backlash to Investment Arbitration : Three Causes Louis T. Wells -- Denunciation of the ICSID Convention and Consent to Arbitration Christoph Schreuer -- Competing for Capital : The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1960-2000 Zachary Elkins, Andrew T. Guzman, & Beth Simmons -- The Argentine Financial Crisis : State Liability under BITs and the Legitimacy of the ICSID System William W. Burke-White -- Perceived Bias in Investment Treaty Arbitration? Gus Van Harten -- European Law Challenges to Investment Arbitration Markus Burgstaller -- Out of Order Luke Peterson -- Globalization : The Driving Force in International Investment Law Tillman Rudolf Braun -- A Dispute Systems Design Diagnosis of ICSID Ilija Mitrev Penusliski -- The International Investment Protection Regime through the Lens of Economic Theory Anne van Aaken -- "History Ain't Changed" : Why Investor-State Arbitration Will Survive the "New Revolution" Timothy G. Nelson -- The State, a Perpetual Respondent in Investment Arbitration? : Some Unorthodox Considerations Mehmet Toral & Thomas Schultz

Intro -- Contents/ Sommaire -- Articles -- Malaya/Singapore/Malaysia: Comments on State Competence, Succession and Continuity -- Some Aspects of the World Bank Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes -- The International Law Commission -- The Charter Travaux Préparatoires and United Nations Powers to Use Armed Force -- Canada in the United Nations Treaty Series: A Global Perspective -- Anti-Dumping Duties in Canada -- Notes and Comments -- Canada's Role in the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam -- The Dominican Crisis: An Inter-American Dilemma -- Liability Rules in the International Carriage of Passengers by Air and the Notice of Denunciation of the Warsaw Convention by the United States of America -- Coexistence, National and International: The First Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Law Association (Canadian Branch) -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1964 as Reflected in Public Statements -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1965 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs -- Book Reviews / Revue des livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- General Introduction: Readings in Imperialism and Orientalism -- Volume Introduction: The Scramble for Africa -- I . THE BERLIN CONFERENCE 1885: MAKING/MAPPING HISTORY -- Introduction: The Scramble for Africa: From the Conference at Berlin to the Incident at Fashoda -- Chronology of Events -- Africa in 1886: The Scramble Half Complete [map] -- Africa after the Scramble, 1912 [map] -- Africa 1898, with Charter Companies [map] -- Excerpts from Heart of Darkness -- Africa -- General Act of the Conference of Berlin -- ''The Black Baby'' (1894) [illustration] -- International Rivalry and the Berlin Conference -- ''The 'Irrepressible' Tourist'' (1885) [illustration] -- Excerpt from ''The Modern Traveller'' -- The Fashoda Incident -- Geography and Statecraft -- ''Marchez! Marchand!'' (1898) [illustration] -- Excerpt from Travels in Africa during the Years 1882–1886 -- ''Africa Shared Out'' (1899) [editorial with cartoon] -- II. THE BODY POLITIC : RATIONALIZING RACE -- Introduction: The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race -- SLAVES -- The African Slave Trade -- William Pitt the Younger Indicts the Slave Trade and Forsees a Liberated Africa -- The Nigger Question -- The Noble Savage -- SPECIES -- Moral and Intellectual Characteristics of the Three Great Varieties -- Struggle for Existence -- On the Formation of the Races of Man -- Excerpt from ''Darwin'' -- Comparative Physiognomy -- Excerpts from The Future of Science -- SELF-GOVERNANCE -- Nation-Making -- The Primitive Man—Intellectual -- The Principles of the Relations of Our Civilization to the Tropics -- Excerpts from Kafir Socialism -- How the Leopard Got His Spots -- III. THE POLITICAL CORPS -- THE MISSION -- Introduction: The Mission: Christianity, Civilization, and Commerce -- Excerpts from Salvation Army Songs -- Dr. Livingstone's Cambridge Lectures -- Excerpts from How I Found Livingstone -- Livingstone's Journeys, 1841–1856 [map] -- Preparing the Empire: Livingstone and Stanley in Central Africa -- In Memory of Dr. Livingstone -- Dr. Livingstone -- Influence of Christianity upon Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races -- The Bishop and the Philosopher -- Excerpts from The Surplus -- Excerpts from The Salvation Army British Empire Exhibition Handbook -- The Administration: Lugard and the royal niger company -- Introduction: Inheritors of Empire, Agents of Change: Lord Lugard and Mary Kingsley -- Royal Charter Granted to the National African Company, Later Called the Royal Niger Company -- Selected Correspondence: The Royal Niger Company -- Exerpts from The Diaries of Lord Lugard: Nigeria -- Duties of Political Officers and Miscellaneous Subjects -- Excerpts from The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa -- The Clash of Cultures -- A Letter to the Editor of ''The New Africa'' -- Excerpts from A Tropical Dependency -- The Administration: Cecil J. Rhodes And The British South Africa Company -- INTRODUCTION Cecil J. Rhodes: Colossus or Caricature? -- Excerpt from Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland -- ''The Rhodes Colossus'' (1892) [illustration] -- ''My Career Is Only Beginning!'' (1896) [illustration] -- ''South Africa before and after Cecil Rhodes'' (1896) [map] -- We Abandon Hope -- My Uncle's Gift Is Many Times Multiplied -- Excerpts from The Speeches of Cecil Rhodes 1881–1900 -- Excerpts from Men, Mines, and Animals in South Africa -- Personal Reminiscences of Mr. Rhodes -- The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes -- The Burial -- IV. CRISES OF EMPIRE -- Gordon at Khartoum -- Introduction: Gordon at Khartoum: From Cavil to Catastrophe -- Chronology of Events -- Excerpts from The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon, C. B. at Kartoum -- ''At Last!'' (1885) [illustration] -- ''Too Late!'' (1885) [illustration] -- Letters to Mary Gordon -- The End of General Gordon -- Relief Expedition -- Excerpts from Gordon at Khartoum -- The Desertion of General Gordon -- Excerpt from In Relief of Gordon -- Excerpt from Fire and Sword in the Sudan -- The Siege and Fall of Khartum -- Act the Fifth: The End -- ''Fuzzy-Wuzzy'' -- The Graphic Christmas Number, 1887 -- ''Gordon's Dream—The Martyr-Hero of Khartoum'' (1887) [illustration] -- The Anglo-Boer war -- Introduction: The Boer War: Accusations and Apologias -- Excerpt from An English–South African's View of the Situation -- ''Across the Dark Continent'' (1899) [illustration] -- Excerpt from A History of the Transvaal -- Political Position in Cape Colony -- The Absent-Minded Beggar -- Mr Thomas Atkins -- D. F. Advertiser. Kimberley, friday, february 16, 1900 -- Excerpt from Report of a Visit to the Camps of Women and Children in the Cape and Orange River Colonies -- Excerpt from What I Remember -- Prisoners of War -- Methods of Barbarism -- Suggestions for a New Departure -- Further Charges against British Troops -- Excerpt from Hague Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 29 July 1899 -- Treaty of Vereeniging, 31 May 1902 -- The Congo -- Introduction: The Congo: Abominations and Denunciations -- The Congo State -- The Congo Report -- The 1903 Diary -- An Open Letter to Roger Casement -- Native Life under Congo State Rule -- Excerpts from History of the Congo Reform Movement -- An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II -- King Leopold's Soliloquy -- Excerpts from The Crime of the Congo -- ''The Guilt of Delay'' (1909) [illustration] -- INDEX