Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal institute of trust ownership of land plots in accordance with the latest changes introduced in the current civil and land legislation of Ukraine. According to the land legislation, the trust ownership to land plots performs at the same time the function of the measure to ensure the fulfillment of obligations and serves as the title of the use of the land plot. The author analyses both Civil and Land Codes and uncovers inconsistencies in the ways, the trust ownership is implemented in civil and land legislation. The confusion of the features of the trust ownership and legislator's desire to use at the same time it to satisfy different purposes gives rise to contradictions that the legislature has not eliminated. The author made an attempt to find out the legal nature of the institute of trust ownership incorporated in the legislation in view of its features and the regulatory impact on land relations. The author provides a comparison of the suggested legal instrument with theoretical models of similar classic legal phenomena – civil fiduciary, common law trust, as well as with variations of their introduction into the legislation of countries of different legal systems. It is concluded that legislation of different states implements different variations of the trust ownership as a legal phenomenon in the legislation. In particular, legislations of the states representing the continental legal family may include trust-like institutes. In this case all features of the trust should be clearly and precisely defined. Therefore, the intention of the Ukrainian legislator to mix different functions within the same legal institute seems to be vague. The contradictions arising from the dual legal nature of the trust ownership implemented in the current Ukrainian legislation are shown. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve the existing land and civil legislation in order to eliminate contradictions in the interpretation of the essence of the trust ownership ...

Розглянуто підхід до технічної та технологічної імплементації електронних довірчих послуг, що враховує положення Закону України «Про електронні документи та електронний документообіг», законопроекту «Про електронні довірчі послуги» та Регламенту ЄС № 910/2014. Запропоновано шляхи реалізації цього підходу з використанням профінансованої ЄС бібліотеки з відкритим вихідним кодом Digital Signature Service (DSS). ; On October 5, 2017, the Ukrainian Parliament voted for Ukrainian Law "On Electronic Trust Services". This is an important step towards Ukraine's integration into the EU Digital Single Market, expansion of cross-border cooperation, and international e-commerce with the EU.The law takes into account the provisions of the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 (on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the domestic market), which is provided for by Ukraine's obligations under the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (Chapter 6 of Section IV of the Agreement).The next steps is to ensure its proper and effective implementation, which involves development and approval of a number of government legislative acts; adoption of national standards that meet EU standards; institutional provision and the creation of appropriate digital infrastructure.A prerequisite for opening up access to the Single Digital Market in the EU is the development of a system of electronic trust services in accordance with the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 and European standards. Ukraine should ensure the compatibility of key components of the electronic trust services system in Ukraine with the relevant components of the European Union. This will provide an opportunity to reach an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU. For Ukrainian business, such recognition will mean the possibility of cross-border co-operation with European partners from a tablet / smartphone.The decision on the recognition by the European Union of electronic trust services provided in Ukraine is adopted by the European Commission on the basis of an audit of the compliance of components of the system of electronic trust services in Ukraine with the legislation and standards of the EU. The next step is to conclude an intergovernmental agreement on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.Currently, the priority task in the context of developing a system of electronic trust services and Ukraine's integration into the EU's Single Digital Market is to develop a detailed roadmap for ensuring compatibility and preparation for an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.The article contains common chapters of a detailed roadmap and a proposal to use the EU funded open source library DSS (Digital Signature Service) as a technical basis that can ensure interoperability between Ukrainian and the EU trust services infrastructure.

On October 5, 2017, the Ukrainian Parliament voted for Ukrainian Law "On Electronic Trust Services". This is an important step towards Ukraine's integration into the EU Digital Single Market, expansion of cross-border cooperation, and international e-commerce with the EU.The law takes into account the provisions of the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 (on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the domestic market), which is provided for by Ukraine's obligations under the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (Chapter 6 of Section IV of the Agreement).The next steps is to ensure its proper and effective implementation, which involves development and approval of a number of government legislative acts; adoption of national standards that meet EU standards; institutional provision and the creation of appropriate digital infrastructure.A prerequisite for opening up access to the Single Digital Market in the EU is the development of a system of electronic trust services in accordance with the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 and European standards. Ukraine should ensure the compatibility of key components of the electronic trust services system in Ukraine with the relevant components of the European Union. This will provide an opportunity to reach an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU. For Ukrainian business, such recognition will mean the possibility of cross-border co-operation with European partners from a tablet / smartphone.The decision on the recognition by the European Union of electronic trust services provided in Ukraine is adopted by the European Commission on the basis of an audit of the compliance of components of the system of electronic trust services in Ukraine with the legislation and standards of the EU. The next step is to conclude an intergovernmental agreement on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.Currently, the priority task in the context of developing a system of electronic trust services and Ukraine's integration into the EU's Single Digital Market is to develop a detailed roadmap for ensuring compatibility and preparation for an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.The article contains common chapters of a detailed roadmap and a proposal to use the EU funded open source library DSS (Digital Signature Service) as a technical basis that can ensure interoperability between Ukrainian and the EU trust services infrastructure. ; Розглянуто підхід до технічної та технологічної імплементації електронних довірчих послуг, що враховує положення Закону України «Про електронні документи та електронний документообіг», законопроекту «Про електронні довірчі послуги» та Регламенту ЄС № 910/2014. Запропоновано шляхи реалізації цього підходу з використанням профінансованої ЄС бібліотеки з відкритим вихідним кодом Digital Signature Service (DSS).

Розглянуто підхід до технічної та технологічної імплементації електронних довірчих послуг, що враховує положення Закону України «Про електронні документи та електронний документообіг», законопроекту «Про електронні довірчі послуги» та Регламенту ЄС № 910/2014. Запропоновано шляхи реалізації цього підходу з використанням профінансованої ЄС бібліотеки з відкритим вихідним кодом Digital Signature Service (DSS). ; On October 5, 2017, the Ukrainian Parliament voted for Ukrainian Law "On Electronic Trust Services". This is an important step towards Ukraine's integration into the EU Digital Single Market, expansion of cross-border cooperation, and international e-commerce with the EU.The law takes into account the provisions of the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 (on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the domestic market), which is provided for by Ukraine's obligations under the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (Chapter 6 of Section IV of the Agreement).The next steps is to ensure its proper and effective implementation, which involves development and approval of a number of government legislative acts; adoption of national standards that meet EU standards; institutional provision and the creation of appropriate digital infrastructure.A prerequisite for opening up access to the Single Digital Market in the EU is the development of a system of electronic trust services in accordance with the EU Regulation No. 910/2014 and European standards. Ukraine should ensure the compatibility of key components of the electronic trust services system in Ukraine with the relevant components of the European Union. This will provide an opportunity to reach an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU. For Ukrainian business, such recognition will mean the possibility of cross-border co-operation with European partners from a tablet / smartphone.The decision on the recognition by the European Union of electronic trust services provided in Ukraine is adopted by the European Commission on the basis of an audit of the compliance of components of the system of electronic trust services in Ukraine with the legislation and standards of the EU. The next step is to conclude an intergovernmental agreement on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.Currently, the priority task in the context of developing a system of electronic trust services and Ukraine's integration into the EU's Single Digital Market is to develop a detailed roadmap for ensuring compatibility and preparation for an agreement with the EU on the mutual recognition of electronic trust services between Ukraine and the EU.The article contains common chapters of a detailed roadmap and a proposal to use the EU funded open source library DSS (Digital Signature Service) as a technical basis that can ensure interoperability between Ukrainian and the EU trust services infrastructure.

The article considers the tendencies of citizens' trust in the central bank in Ukraine as well as in the countries of the European Union as a whole. The main reasons for reducing the level of trust to this institution are revealed. The importance of public trust in the activities of the central bank is determined. The necessity of ensuring a sufficient level of trust in central banks in the context of providing independence in the course of realization of monetary policy and establishing the limits of its legitimacy is proved. The main factors that influence the formation of citizens' trust in the central bank are determined – macroeconomic - GDP growth per capita, unemployment rate, inflation as well as social factors. The consequences of the influence of each factor on the trust in the central banks are revealed and summarized

The basic sociological approaches to research of essence of trust are considered. Devel-opment of understanding of trust category is presented. The different approaches to extraction of classifi cation features and functions of trust are shown. Possibility of application of the considered approaches for the analysis of contemporary Ukrainian society is elaborated. It is noted that social trust studies are one of the major objects of interest of Ukrainian sociolo-gists. The peculiarities of social trust relations in contemporary Ukraine are rooted in low institutional effi cacy and mass alienation from the formal institutions. As a result the level of horizontal interpersonal trust in Ukrainian society is relatively high but in the same time the level of trust towards political institutions (and formal institutions in general) is com-paratively low. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of volunteering in contemporary Ukrainian society. It is interpreted as the evidence of positive social dynamics in Ukraine, namely with growing solidarity and with the formation of the structures of civil society. Author argues that civic engagement should produce generalized trust among citizens and that volunteering is the capital and trust generationg structure. In this case, the trust serves both as a resource (source) and positive result of social activity.Keywords: trust, trust relations, distrust, community, civil society. ; Розглянуто статус соціологічної науки у сучасній Україні та зроблено спробу охарактеризувати проблему функціонування довіри і довірчих відносин як втілення новітньої моди в соціологічному академічному середовищі країни. Аргументовано положення про переважаючий розвиток довіри й довірчих відносин у горизонталь-ному вимірі та зростання недовіри стосовно більшості соціальних інституцій країни у вертикальному вимірі. Окремо висвітлено питання волонтерства в Україні та його різноманітних проявів як свідчення зародження і розповсюдження довіри, солідарності, а відтак і паростків громадянського суспільства, що формується «знизу».Ключові слова: довіра, довірчі відносини, недовіра, спільнота, громада, грома-дянське суспільство.

Problem setting. The interdependence of quarantine facilities and the economic crisis makes the coronavirus epidemic an extraordinary social experiment, not only political and economic but mainly sociocultural value transformations are manifested. There is no doubt that restriction of movement, stopping of business activity and control over citizens is perceived differently by the population ofdifferent countries and depends on whether people trust the information being provided or their basic needs met. If all these components are not satisfied, the population ignores the restrictions, does not accept the instructions, increases social conflicts, increases the cost of necessities, rumors, looting, corruption and more. Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of trust in power is quite popular among scholars. The problem of trust in power at different times was the object of research of a galaxy offamous foreign scientists, including R. Aron, M. Weber, D. Gibson, R. Dahl, D. Easton, H. Lasswell, S. Lipset, V. Mishler, R. Putnam, B. Russell, F. Fukuyama and others. Recently, the problem of citizens ' trust in power was addressed by domestic researchers V. Akhkasov, S. Beloshitsky, E. Golovakha, M. Golovin, S. Yeliseyev, D. Dzvinchuk, V. Ignatov, Y. Kovbasyuk, A. Kovaleva, V. Kremen, O. Kruty, S. Lantsova, V. Ledyayev, V. Maltsev, I. Martyniuk, S. Naumov, V Nechiporenko, N. Panina, O. Radchenko, V. Sychev, V. Khalipov, A. Khokhlov, etc., which considered issues of trust in the government in the context of its legitimacy, the development of the institute for democracy and social protection, the emergence of civil society. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to identify the components of trust in public authority as factors that ensure social stability during disasters. Paper main body. The main components of trust in public authority in the face of a threat or crisis, based on the rational and emotional interaction of the subject and the subject of power relations and cooperation within ...

In the article certainly degree of study of concept of trust in different sciences and found out its meaningfulness in the different spheres of human vital functions, beginning from social, economic, fi nancial, business spheres and concluding acceptance of political decisions. Key words: trust, sphere of vital functions, sociology, economy, psychology, social philosophy, religion, political science, right, management. ; У статті визначено ступінь вивчення поняття довіри у різних науках та виявлено її значущість у різних сферах людської життєдіяльності, починаючи від соціальної, економічної, фінансової, ділової сфер і закінчуючи прийняттям політичних рішень.Ключові слова: довіра, сфера життєдіяльності, соціологія, економіка, психологія, соціальна філософія, релігія, політологія, право, менеджмент.

The article is devoted to the implementation of the state digital policy in Ukraine in the context of creating E-Government initiative and adopting the Law on Electronic Trust Services. The author explains that from the moment of its introduction and hitherto, there are issues in electronic services' usage, their consumer orientation and usability. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of implementing digital policy in Ukraine, the author focuses on the national concept of digital state development and concludes that it is limited to the government services. Instead, in the author's view, it would be advisable to promote the digital government as a collaboration between the state and citizens. The author also did not miss the features of electronic trust services, their components and importance for practical implementation: online purchases, participation in public affairs, electronic workflows in court, recognition by mobile phone, etc. Reaffirming the importance and necessity of state digital policy, the author refers to a comparison of the practices of its implementation in Ukraine and Estonia, whose successes in this way are indisputable and often serve as an example to be followed. It is underlined that there is scope for building a functional digital service system in Ukraine, however, different principles of user data protection were already doubted because of security issues, since the creation of a common digital data space was announced by the Government of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the lack of measures to preserve the user's data protection of digital government systems will create high risks to a national security and the manipulation of confidential user information. Thus, the digital data space has legislative regulation but in a very schematic level and without practical tolls, which does not in any way create a "trust environment" in the cyberspace of Ukraine. In such circumstances, it is impossible to guarantee a high motivation for using such electronic trust services. All in all, ...

The article researches development of trust property institute in continental law states and investigates possible development of national legislation in this sphere. The article also characterizes modern state of trust property in Ukraine and proposed models of its improvement. In all researched continental law states it is possible to trace personal way of development of trust property institute as well as a special mean of trust implementation. Approaches of foreign legislators distinguish and can be seen in implementation of single-level and two-level changes. The first one is ratification of the Hague Trust Convention (Italy) as well as enshrining of its own trust like constructions (France, Germany). Two-level changes are represented by first Ratification of the Hague Trust Convention and then adoption of special acts to regulate legislative collisions in regulation of trust relations (Switzerland). The article has also researched prospects in development of Ukrainian national legislation. Draft laws which are registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and consider trust property as one more way to ensure performance of duties along with other ones provided for by p. 1 of Art. 546 of the Civil Code of Ukraine such as forfeit, bailment, guarantee, collateral/pledge, retention, deposit (down payment) have been investigated. Reasons for enlarging legislation on trust relations through ratification of conventions and creation of a wide legal regulation of the researched sphere have been provided.

The role and influence increase of the right forces in Europe, their exit outside marginal support of electors forms the actual aim of the basic tendencies research of the citizens' trust level increase to such political parties in the European Union countries in relation to their influence on integration politics in a region. This analysis consistency was achieved by using the historical method for sources research, preconditions and general lines of the right forces of interwar period and their modern development. A comparative method allowed to define identical elements in understanding the concepts of "right-wing" and "right-wing populism", as well as assisted to disclosure distinctions between the right and left political parties of Europe. An accomplished analysis proved that during the last two decades, the right-wing got the considerable credit of trust of the key electorate who became a middle class on the whole, formed general slogans in relation to the denial of politics of European Union in direction of limitation of migration, fight against terrorism, distribution of quotas on the reception of refugees, interference with the internal affairs of the state that levels maintenance of originality of ethnoss and nations. Populism, euroscepticism and increase of representative office in European parliament, puts under a threat maintenance of integration politics that was predictable and clear for all participants of association and direct countries-partners. Ukraine in this case must work on making of new strategy of co-operating with Europe, taking into account new tendencies.

The article is devoted to the analysis of trust as a political and psychological phenomenon. The focus is on the fact that trust is the value basis of social interaction, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of this interaction is based on the coincidence of values, which, to a large extent, ensures value-oriented unity. It is emphasized that the uniqueness of the phenomenon of trust lies in a peculiar combination of rational and irrational bases of assessments and judgments. It is proved that trust, on the one hand, is the result of a posteriori cognition and follows from experience, is based on analysis and synthesis of events, phenomenas, processes, evaluation of behavior, etc., on the other – is based on irrational motives that rely on intuition, own or stereotyped ideas about the proper, desirable, probable because of its predominantly emotional perception. The role of trust as an important factor of state-building processes in the conditions of national, state self-determination and overcoming of social and political crises is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the role of trust in the process of legitimation of power, the problem of trust in the context of interaction between branches of government, political and state institutions is actualized. It is proved that trust as a political and psychological phenomenon is a powerful factor and regulator of socio-political processes, an element of the architecture of the system of social and institutional interaction and a kind of its provision. In the context of socio-political interaction, the socio-psychological basis for distinguishing between the concepts of "trust" and "faith", "trust" and "distrust" is revealed. The characteristic features and certain functions of trust as a socio-cultural and political-psychological phenomenon are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the cognitive function of trust, in particular, on the need to develop political thinking as an analytical prerequisite for trust and a necessary component of political culture. ; Статтю присвячено аналізові довіри як політико-психологічного феномену. Зосереджено увагу на тому, що довіра є ціннісною основою соціальної взаємодії, наголошено, що ефективність цієї взаємодії базується на збігові цінностей, чим, значною мірою, забезпечується ціннісноорієнтаційна єдність. Підкреслено, що унікальність явища довіри полягає у своєрідному поєднанні раціональних та позараціональних підстав оцінок і суджень. Доведено, що довіра, з одного боку, є результатом апостеріорного пізнання й випливає з досвіду, ґрунтується на аналізі й синтезі подій, явищ, процесів, оцінки поведінки тощо, з другого – базується на ірраціональних мотивах з покладанням на інтуїцію, власні або ж стереотипні уявлення про належне, бажане, вірогідне через переважно емоційне його сприйняття. Обґрунтовано роль довіри як важливого чинника державотворчих процесів в умовах національного, державного самовизначення та подолання суспільно-політичних криз. Особливу увагу приділено ролі довіри в процесі легітимації влади, актуалізовано проблему довіри в контексті взаємодії гілок влади, політичних та державних інститутів. Доведено, що довіра як політико-психологічне явище є потужним чинником і регулятором суспільно-політичних процесів, елементом архітектури системи соціальної та інституційної взаємодії та своєрідною формою її забезпечення. В контексті суспільно-політичної взаємодії розкрито соціально-психологічну основу розрізнення понять «довіра» і «віра», «довіра» і «недовіра». Окреслено характерні риси й визначено окремі функції довіри як соціокультурного і політико-психологічного феномену. Наголошено на когнітивній функції довіри, зокрема, на необхідності розвитку політичного мислення як аналітичної передумови довіри та необхідної складової політичної культури.

The article is devoted to the analysis of trust as a political and psychological phenomenon. The focus is on the fact that trust is the value basis of social interaction, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of this interaction is based on the coincidence of values, which, to a large extent, ensures value-oriented unity. It is emphasized that the uniqueness of the phenomenon of trust lies in a peculiar combination of rational and irrational bases of assessments and judgments. It is proved that trust, on the one hand, is the result of a posteriori cognition and follows from experience, is based on analysis and synthesis of events, phenomenas, processes, evaluation of behavior, etc., on the other – is based on irrational motives that rely on intuition, own or stereotyped ideas about the proper, desirable, probable because of its predominantly emotional perception. The role of trust as an important factor of state-building processes in the conditions of national, state self-determination and overcoming of social and political crises is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the role of trust in the process of legitimation of power, the problem of trust in the context of interaction between branches of government, political and state institutions is actualized. It is proved that trust as a political and psychological phenomenon is a powerful factor and regulator of socio-political processes, an element of the architecture of the system of social and institutional interaction and a kind of its provision. In the context of socio-political interaction, the socio-psychological basis for distinguishing between the concepts of "trust" and "faith", "trust" and "distrust" is revealed. The characteristic features and certain functions of trust as a socio-cultural and political-psychological phenomenon are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the cognitive function of trust, in particular, on the need to develop political thinking as an analytical prerequisite for trust and a necessary component of political culture. ; Статтю присвячено аналізові довіри як політико-психологічного феномену. Зосереджено увагу на тому, що довіра є ціннісною основою соціальної взаємодії, наголошено, що ефективність цієї взаємодії базується на збігові цінностей, чим, значною мірою, забезпечується ціннісноорієнтаційна єдність. Підкреслено, що унікальність явища довіри полягає у своєрідному поєднанні раціональних та позараціональних підстав оцінок і суджень. Доведено, що довіра, з одного боку, є результатом апостеріорного пізнання й випливає з досвіду, ґрунтується на аналізі й синтезі подій, явищ, процесів, оцінки поведінки тощо, з другого – базується на ірраціональних мотивах з покладанням на інтуїцію, власні або ж стереотипні уявлення про належне, бажане, вірогідне через переважно емоційне його сприйняття. Обґрунтовано роль довіри як важливого чинника державотворчих процесів в умовах національного, державного самовизначення та подолання суспільно-політичних криз. Особливу увагу приділено ролі довіри в процесі легітимації влади, актуалізовано проблему довіри в контексті взаємодії гілок влади, політичних та державних інститутів. Доведено, що довіра як політико-психологічне явище є потужним чинником і регулятором суспільно-політичних процесів, елементом архітектури системи соціальної та інституційної взаємодії та своєрідною формою її забезпечення. В контексті суспільно-політичної взаємодії розкрито соціально-психологічну основу розрізнення понять «довіра» і «віра», «довіра» і «недовіра». Окреслено характерні риси й визначено окремі функції довіри як соціокультурного і політико-психологічного феномену. Наголошено на когнітивній функції довіри, зокрема, на необхідності розвитку політичного мислення як аналітичної передумови довіри та необхідної складової політичної культури.

The article deals with the issue of trust as a new legislative provision of civil law. As the author elucidates, trust provides a supplementary tool for relevant parties of principal obligation to secure it via trust agreement. Allegedly, the reason for this new legislative provision based on the main Ukraine's economy issue such as inability to raise credit funds caused by inflated lending rates. Particularly, the last one exists due to the risks of timely received or even non-payed credit funds. To evaluate this the author goes primarily through the definition of trust and its brief outline. Thus, trust is an arrangement whereby a person (a trustee) got and holds a property from settlor as its nominal owner for the good of one or more beneficiaries; with respect to performance of the obligations assumed hereunder the credit arrangements or loan agreements. Based on the analysis of different approaches to the definition of trust, provisions on positive aspects and shortcomings of this type of secured obligations have been developed. Trust clearly regulated on the legislative level, much easier than recoveries taken by mortgages and completed in a shorter time, so this whole thing is a welcome step. Avoiding of recoursing to the property of the debtor by fictitious trust is among the most dangerous risks. Other issues include corruption schemes extension, the time frame for implementation of the trust mechanism and the matter of lifting the moratorium on eviction from housing. The author also addresses the historical aspect of trust formation, examining its features in Romanian, French and other regulations of the rest Europe countries. In conclusion, the author elaborates that the trust institute will become a tool of maintaining the balance between the interests of the creditor and the debtor. Despite of its purely mechanical implementation, benefits cannot be underestimated. However, no doubts that trust should be properly adapted to Ukrainian civil law. That means taking into account the particularities of ...

The article examines the main approaches to the defi nition of trust in phylosophy, psychology, history, political and economical sciences. Sociology specifi city is determined by interpretation of trust. The author shows the main approaches to the study of trust in sociology, and also offers its own defi nition of trust, which is based on the interdisciplinary approach to the study of this phenomenon.Key words: trust, conceptualization of trust, forms of trust, risk. ; У статті розглянуто основні підходи до інтерпретації довіри у філософії, пси-хології, історії, політиці та економіці. Визначено специфіку соціології при розгляді цього поняття. Також автор пропонує власне визначення довіри, що грунтується на міждисциплінарному підході до вивчення зазначеного феномену.Ключові слова: довіра, концептуалізація довіри, форми довіри, ризик.