Suchergebnisse

The article examines the attempts to return the Volgagermans, deported in 1941, to their places of pre-war residence. The author gives a periodization of these processes and reveals the features of each period. Attempts to relocate to the Volga from Siberia and Kazakhstan began to be undertaken since 1956 after the abolition of the special settlement regime for the Germans (1955). Until the end of 1972, they were illegal, the settlers faced many difficulties, since there was a ban on the return of the Germans to the places of the pre-war accommodation. Subsequently, untilthe end ofthe 1980sthestate did not interfere inthese processes,thewell-being ofthesettlerswas determined bythe attitude of the local authorities towards them. During the years of perestroika, the inconsistent and contradictory policy of the country's leadership on the rehabilitation of the Germans contributed to the emergence of resistance to their return to the Volga region. Meanwhile, an alternative to returning to the Volga appeared and emigration to Germany began. Public statement by President B. N. Yeltsin in January 1992 that there would be no German autonomy on the Volga was a turning point. An avalanche-like departure to Germany began. Belated attempts by the central and local authorities to attract the Germans to the Volga region by socio-economic measures had a weak short-term effect.

The article is devoted to the role of Muslim religious leaders of the Volga- Ural region in the social movement of 1917. After the February Revolution of 1917, the participation of the clergy in the change of leadership of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly (OMDS), as well as the creation of clergy societies, in the work of All- Russian Muslim and provincial Muslim congresses could be seen. The paper is intended to investigation of this phenomenon in a number of regions. It should be noted that the OMDS clergy for more than a century of its activity (1788–1917) set an example of civic loyalty and loyalty to the authorities of the Russian Empire. At the same time, especially starting from the revolution of 1905–7, it became concerned about the role of the OMDS in relations with the authorities and its own flock, issues of self-organization of the clergy, ways of organizing the system of Muslim religious education. Therefore, the presence of representatives of the Muslim clergy was noted not only at their own professional venues, but also at general civic events of Muslims. The paper deals with the role of religious leaders in the social movement of Muslims in the Volga- Ural region in 1917. and their contribution to it.

Examines divisions among foreign policy organizations, lack of military capability, and relations with Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Israel.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Preface -- A Note on Dates, Archive References, and Transliteration -- Glossary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reflections on Russian Professions -- 3 The Engineering Profession in Tsarist Russia -- 4 Politics and Medical Professionalization After 1905 -- 5 Professionalism and Politics: The Russian Feldsher Movement, 1891-1918 -- 6 Professionalization and Radicalization: Russian Psychiatrists Respond to 1905 -- 7 Professional Activism and Association Among Russian Teachers, 1864-1905

Der Verfasser analysiert die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Rußlands aus regionaler Perspektive. Die unterschiedliche Wirtschaftsentwicklung in elf Regionen der Russischen Föderation wird anhand der Indikatoren Arbeitslosigkeit, Einkommen, Industrieproduktion, Elektrizitätsproduktion und Exportentwicklung dargestellt. Die hierbei zutage tretenden Unterschiede werden zum einen zu der in den einzelnen Regionen verfolgten Wirtschaftspolitik, zum anderen zu den unterschiedlichen wirtschaftsstrukturellen Gegebenheiten in den Regionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Der Verfasser zeigt, daß die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der russischen Regionen vor allem von den wirtschaftsstrukturellen Voraussetzungen bestimmt und von der jeweils verfolgten Wirtschaftspolitik kaum beeinflußt wird. Er führt dieses Ergebnis darauf zurück, daß eine reformorientierte Wirtschaftspolitik erst mittelfristig zu messbaren Ergebnissen führt. (BIOst-Wpt)

The article is devoted to identifying the significance of the published manuscript "Description of the Volga coastal area of the Samara province and its most remarkable localities" as a source on the history of the territories of the Saratov region on the left bank of the Volga. As it was revealed the manuscript came from the encirclement of the "enlightened bureaucracy" close to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. It contains valuable information about the history and the situation in the middle of the 19th century of the population, economy, trade, culture of a vast region and some important settlements.