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In: The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences 13
One of the last Prussian Reforms during the Napoleonic Era was the constitution of local autonomy for the cities. Proof of its lasting importance is that it was the cities that carried out the deficit-based employment policies of the early 1930s also had to carry the burden of a democratic reconstitution of Germany in the postwar period. After the crushing defeat at Napoleon's hands, likewise the reconstitution of Prussia fell to the cities. Today, the same constellation of problems can be found on different stages. Europe, as it is growing together, faces a democracy deficit which ultimately
In: The European heritage in economics and the social sciences [13]
In: Publications in the information sciences
In: The Brown and Haley Lectures 1975
"Cities of Light is the first global overview of modern urban illumination, a development that allows human wakefulness to colonize the night, doubling the hours available for purposeful and industrious activities. Urban lighting is undergoing a revolution due to recent developments in lighting technology, and increased focus on sustainability and human-scaled environments. Cities of Light is expansive in coverage, spanning two centuries and touching on developments on six continents, without diluting its central focus on architectural and urban lighting. Covering history, geography, theory, and speculation in urban lighting, readers will have numerous points of entry into the book, finding it easy to navigate for a quick reference and or a coherent narrative if read straight through. With chapters written by respected scholars and highly-regarded contemporary practitioners, this book will delight students and practitioners of architectural and urban history, area and cultural studies, and lighting design professionals and the institutional and municipal authorities they serve. At a moment when the entire world is being reshaped by new lighting technologies and new design attitudes, the longer history of urban lighting remains fragmentary. Cities of Light aims to provide a global framework for historical studies of urban lighting and to offer a new perspective on the fast-moving developments of lighting today."--Publisher's website.
In this major new study of British policy in the Middle East, Peter Mangold shows how the British sought to protect their changing interests in the region - imperial communications, oil, status and the threat from terrorism - and their response to Arab and Iranian nationalism. He examines the successes and failures of British policy in the region and the reasons why - over Palestine, Suez, Aden and the 2003 Iraq war - it has often proved controversial and accident prone. And he evaluates Britain's complex legacy in the Middle East; its contribution to the success of Jordan and the Gulf states, and also the instability which has plagued Iraq and the unresolved Palestine conflict. In tracing the history of Britain's relationship with the Middle East, Mangold reveals how Britain's involvement in the region sowed the seeds for today's crises