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This book provides a general survey of epigraphy in Southeast Asia. Epigraphy is an academic discipline for the scientific study of all kinds of inscriptions on durable media. Despite the fact that interest in inscriptional materials goes back more than two centuries in Southeast Asia, until now the field had never been the subject of a panorama, an introduction, or a general discussion. Thomas Stamford Raffles was the first in Southeast Asia, precisely in 1815, to emphasise the importance of inscriptions for linguistics, the study of religions and history in general. Until the middle of the second millennium CE, apart from a number of religious and literary texts, inscriptions in fact constituted unique local written sources providing detailed, accurate, and often well dated historical data for many aspects of ancient life in Southeast Asia. The concept underlining this volume is that of corpus, a set of documents brought together according to various criteria. In the field of epigraphy, these corpora are crucial tools informing multiple fields of analysis for historians. This volume gathers together eighteen contributions by renowned scholars of Southeast Asian epigraphy and history whose essays are focused on corpora of inscriptional materials written using Indian scripts and local variants, Chinese script, or Arabic script and local variants. Other corpora are discussed in the introduction to this volume, in order to try to provide the fullest possible overview.

For the popes it was inevitable to maintain relations with the Arab-Muslim world, of course eastern - Egypt and the Middle East - but also Western - Spain and the Maghreb. Thus in 1199, Innocent III addressed himself to the "Miramolin, king of Morocco". Some two hundred and one letters, written during the 13th and 14th centuries, mostly recorded in the registers of the Vatican Secret Archives, help to clarify the position of the Holy See vis-a -vis the Maghreb. In order to carry out their policy and to maintain ties with the faithful, the Popes wrote to the Christian or Muslim sovereigns, sent messengers across the Mediterranean Sea, encouraged the works of the brothers in this part of the world, A bishopric in Marrakesh. They regularly supported attempts to expand Christianity in North Africa, but this was not their only concern. They also cared about the Christians who lived in the Maghreb, whether they were merchants, mercenaries or captives. The papacy had to reconcile these two aspects and had to adapt to the reality of the life of these communities in the land of Islam. Clara Maillard at the MSH of Nantes on December 8, 2011, her thesis in medieval history entitled "Popes and Maghreb in the XIIIth and XIVth centuries, study of apostolic letters from 1199 to 1419", under the direction of John Tolan , Professor at the University of Nantes. She worked with the RELMIN project in 2014 as a post-doctoral student on the pontifical letters concerning Christians who lived in the Maghreb.

During the Second World War, Switzerland, which remained neutral, was the scene of an intense activity of espionage. While the German border guards monitored the France-Switzerland border, the Allied secret services made Switzerland the hub of their clandestine operations. Gradually, a secret collaboration was organized between the Swiss Intelligence Service and their French, British, Polish, Belgian, and American counterparts. This history presents two perspectives: that of the federal institutions, torn between a centuries-old politics of neutrality and their need for information in the interest of their country's defense; and that of individuals--professional agents or amateurs, petty smugglers or section chiefs--who formed this international community of information in Switzerland. This work relies on a systematic study of archives relating to counterespionage and the Swiss military justice, as well as numerous documents preserved in the American and British national archives, along with interviews with veterans of the secret war

Contents: PART ONE : SUPPLYING THE ROMAN ARMIES HERZ, P.: Die Logistik der kaiserzeitlichen Armee. Strukturelle Überlegungen. ERDKAMP, P.: The Corn Supply of the Roman Armies during the Principate (27 BC - 235 AD). CARRERAS MONTFORT, C.: The Roman military supply during the Principate. Transportation and staples. BLOIS, L. DE: Monetary policies, the soldiers' pay and the onset of crisis in the first half of the third century AD. PART TWO : COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT HAYNES, I.: Britain's First Information Revolution. The Roman army and the transformation of economic life. KISSEL, Th.: Road-building as a munus publicum. KOLB, A.: Army and transport. PART THREE : THE ROMAN WEST: HISPANIA, BRITANNIA AND GERMANIA DAVIES. J.L.: Soldiers, peasants, industry and towns. The Roman army in Britain. A Welsh perspective. WHITTAKER, C.R.: Supplying the army. Evidence from Vindolanda. FUNARI, P.P.A.: The consumption of olive oil in Roman Britain and the role of the army. WIERSCHOWSKI, L.: Das römische Heer und die ökonomische Entwicklung Germaniens in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 1. Jahrhunderts. REMESAL RODRIGUEZ, J.: Baetica and Germania. Notes on the concept of 'provincial interdependence' in the Roman Empire. KONEN, H.: Die ökonomische Bedeutung der Provinzialflotten während der Zeit des Prinzipates. PART FOUR : NORTH AFRICA AND THE EAST MORIZOT, P.: Impact de l'armée romaine sur l'économie de l'Afrique. ROTH, J.: The army and the economy in Judaea and Palestine. ALSTON, R.: Managing the frontiers. Supplying the frontier troops in the sixth and seventh centuries

Prolegomena to a world history of the harbour and river chain / Benjamin Z. Kedar -- The socio-economic implications for ship construction : evidence from underwater archaeology and the Codex Theodosianus / Hadas Mor -- An unpublished medieval portolan of the Mediterranean in Minneapolis / David Jacoby -- Difficult sources : crusader art and the depiction of ships / Richard W. Unger -- Les vices et la criminalité des marins vénitiens à bord des navires vers la Mer Noire, XIVe-XVe siècles / Sergei Karpov -- Byzantine shipbuilding in fifteenth-century Venetian Crete : war galleys and the link to the Arsenal in Venice / Ruthy Gertwagen -- A Mediterranean encounter : the Fatimids and Europe, tenth to twelfth centuries / Yaacov Lev -- Local trade networks in medieval Sicily : the evidence of Idrisi / David Abulafia -- Aspects of intercoastal trade in the western Mediterranean : the voyage of the Santa María de Natzare / Lawrence V. Mott -- Brevi note su Pera genovese a metà del xiv secolo / Laura Balletto -- Genoa and Barcelona : two hypotheses for a "global" world / Gabriella Airaldi -- The crusader march from Dorylaion to Herakleia, 4 July-ca. 2 september 1097 / Bernard S. Bachrach -- Sex, death and the problem of single women in the armies of the First Crusade / Alan V. Murray -- Caffaro, Crusade, and the Annales Januensis : history and its uses in twelfth-century Genoa / John Dotson -- Mercenaries and Capuchins in southern France in the late twelfth century / John France -- Memory and the diversion of the Fourth Crusade / Thomas F. Madden -- The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade / Mark Gregory Pegg -- The importance of Greeks in Latin thought : the evidence of Roger Bacon / Amanda Power -- The roles of hospitaller and templar sergeants / Jonathan Riley-Smith -- Buondelmonti and the Holy War / Michel Balard

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Four Oldest Latin Quotations of the Qur'an: Eighth/Ninth-Century al-Andalus -- On the Genesis and Formation of the Corpus Cluniacense -- Dixit apostoli. The Word-by-word Principle in Latin Translations of the Qur'an -- Translating from Arabic to Latin in the Twelfth Century: The Examples of Two Englishmen, Robert of Ketton and Adelard of Bath -- Corrections to Robert of Ketton's Translation of the Qur'an in MS Paris Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal 1162 -- Robert de Ketton, traditore: Manifestations of anti-Islamic Radicalism in the First Latin Translation of the Qur'an -- Translatological Remarks on Rendering the Qur'an into Latin (Robert of Ketton, Mark of Toledo and Egidio da Viterbo): Purposes, Theory, and Techniques -- The Contribution of the Speculum historiale to the History of the Latin Risālat al-Kindī and the Corpus Cluniacense -- Context and the Use of Quotes from Robert of Ketton's Translation of the Qur'an in the Itinerarium Symonis Semeonis -- Interpretatio iuxta traditionem: The Transmission of Latin Anti-Islamic Texts -- Qur'an at the Council. Manuscripts and Use of the Ketton Translation of the Qur'an at the Council of Basel (1431–1449) -- An Indirect Usage of the Qur'an in the XVth century. Jean Germain's Débat du chrétien et du sarrasin -- The Extracta ex Alcorano and Giacomo della Marca's Glosses in MS Falconara 3 -- The Glosses on Mark of Toledo's Alchoranus Latinus -- Dhul-Qarnayn, The One of the Two Horns, in the Latin Glosses to the Qur'an -- Qur'an Quotations in the Liber de Doctrina Mahumet -- Using Muslim Exegesis in Europe in the 12th and 18th Centuries: A Comparative Study of Robert of Ketton's and George Sale's Approaches -- Riccoldo da Monte di Croce and the Origins of the Qur'an as a Deviation from Christian Salvation History -- Riccoldo the Florentine's Reprobacion del Alcoran: A Manual for Preaching to the 'Moors' -- Sicut Euangelia sunt quatuor, distribuerunt continentiam eius in quatuor libros: On the Division of Iberian Qur'ans and Their Translations into Four Parts -- The Bellús Qur'an, Martín García, and Martín de Figuerola: The Study of the Qur'an and Its Use in the Sermones de la Fe and the Disputes with Muslims in the Crown of Aragon in the Sixteenth Century -- Conclusion: Robert of Ketton's Translation and its Legacy -- List of Contributors -- Index of Manuscript -- Index