Suchergebnisse

"Varieties of Democracy, or "V-Dem," is a global research project producing new measures of hundreds of attributes of democracy as far back as 1789 for many countries, and for almost all countries around the world from 1900 to the present. This book is a reference guide for anyone who wants to use V-Dem data wisely. It provides full information about the concepts that the data measure, what we know about the validity and reliability of the data, what it reveals about the structure of democracy and the general trends in democratization over the past 229 years, as well as why this explosion of information is likely to raise the standards for causal inferences in democratization research. The V-Dem team and others are already producing a series of publications and papers leveraging the distinctive strengths of these new data, so this book also calls attention to some of those first fruits"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Credits -- Introduction: Rediscovering the "Masters of the House -- 1 The Start of Something New: Clay, Stevenson, Polk, and the Development of the Speakership, 1789–1869 -- 2 Thomas Brackett Reed and the Rise of Party Government -- 3 Uncle Joe Cannon: The Brakeman of the House of Representatives, 1903–1911 -- 4 Oscar W. Underwood: The First Modern House Leader, 1911–1915 -- 5 Nicholas Longworth: The Genial Czar -- 6 John Nance Garner -- 7 The Speaker and the Presidents: Sam Rayburn, the White House, and the Legislative Process, 1941–1961 -- 8 Hale Boggs: The Southerner as National Democrat -- 9 Gerald R. Ford, Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, 1965–1973 -- 10 Tip O'Neill and Contemporary House Leadership -- Epilogue: Leaders Talk about Leadership -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Index

Profound changes have occurred in the demography and sociology of Italian fertility since Napoleonic times. Using the statistical system instituted in 1861 with national unification, Massimo Livi-Bacci provides a systematic and detailed analysis of fertility trends in Italy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He brings to light the main features of the secular decline: its rapid occurrence in the northern and central areas; the widening urban-rural gap; the shaping of social and economic differences; and the late, slow downward trend in the South. Multivariate statistical analysis enables the author to measure the changing relationship between fertility and social or economic phenomena. Historical evidence illustrates the effect on fertility of mass emigration and Fascist policy as well as of social changes such as those in agrarian structure, mobility, and communications. An altered attitude toward procreation is evident in some parts of Italy in the early nineteenth century. The decline becomes apparent in certain northern and central regions in the 1870s and 1880s and it appears at the aggregate national level in the 1890s.Originally published in 1977.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- IO BIO: career descriptions -- International secretariats as actors -- International civil servants -- Available literature -- Outline of the book -- Notes -- 1 International river commissions -- The Congress of Vienna -- The Rhine Commission -- The Danube Commission -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 2 Public international unions -- Invention of the follow-up conference -- Multinational conferences and treaty making -- Institutionalization and permanent secretariats -- Institutionalization and governing boards -- Nineteenth-century international functionaries -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3 Concert of Europe conferences and private initiatives -- Multilateral conference secretariats -- The private Red Cross initiative -- The Institute of International Law -- The Permanent Court of Arbitration -- The 1907 Hague Peace Conference -- International anti-slavery, prostitution, and labor legislation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4 War and peace: 1914-1919 -- The International Committee of the Red Cross -- Inter-Allied war councils -- The establishment of the League of Nations -- Public international unions, river commissions, and permanent courts -- The establishment of the International Labour Organization -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 5 The League of Nations and the International Labour Organization -- Setting up the League of Nations Secretariat -- Setting up the International Labour Office -- The Permanent Court of International Justice -- The specialized agencies of the League of Nations -- Geneva as an international city -- On the eve of war -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 6 Wartime international organizations -- The Allied United Nations -- Setting up the United Nations Organization -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 7 The United Nations System.

Today most Americans, black and white, identify slavery with cotton, the deep South, and the African-American church. But at the beginning of the nineteenth century, after almost two hundred years of African-American life in mainland North America, few slaves grew cotton, lived in the deep South, or embraced Christianity. Many Thousands Gone traces the evolution of black society from the first arrivals in the early seventeenth century through the Revolution. In telling their story, Ira Berlin, a leading historian of southern and African-American life, reintegrates slaves into the history of the American working class and into the tapestry of our nation. Laboring as field hands on tobacco and rice plantations, as skilled artisans in port cities, or soldiers along the frontier, generation after generation of African Americans struggled to create a world of their own in circumstances not of their own making. In a panoramic view that stretches from the North to the Chesapeake Bay and Carolina lowcountry to the Mississippi Valley, Many Thousands Gone reveals the diverse forms that slavery and freedom assumed before cotton was king. We witness the transformation that occurred as the first generations of creole slaves—who worked alongside their owners, free blacks, and indentured whites—gave way to the plantation generations, whose back-breaking labor was the sole engine of their society and whose physical and linguistic isolation sustained African traditions on American soil. As the nature of the slaves' labor changed with place and time, so did the relationship between slave and master, and between slave and society. In this fresh and vivid interpretation, Berlin demonstrates that the meaning of slavery and of race itself was continually renegotiated and redefined, as the nation lurched toward political and economic independence and grappled with the Enlightenment ideals that had inspired its birth