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Is it useful today, or necessary, an interpretation of the Code of Canon Law from Christology? The article examines some opposition which consider as inappropriate to search for foundations or links from "outside" the Code itself and the normal legislative living tradition of the Catholic Church. The Second Vatican Council and Pope John Paul II sponsored a theological interpretation of the Code, and this article summarizes some features of the validation, method, and the successful application of an interdisciplinary "hermeneutic model" of the Theology of the Canon Law (Christology, anthropological co-references, moral theology, and the process of production and implementation of the Canons) in Catholic universities.

Intercultural Universities in Mexico took place to promote access to higher education of indigenous population, which has historically experienced a lag. In 2003 the General Coordination of Intercultural and Bilingual Education (CGEIB) is created by the federal government in order to generate proposals that incorporate knowledge, languages and culture of indigenous educational processes. By 2014 there were ten Institutions of Higher Education, which are grouped in the University Network Intercultural (Redui), and located in Mexican states with significant presence of native people. This paper seeks to analyze three great moments: a) the genesis of intercultural universities in Mexico, b) their evolution and development, and c) analysis and actual situation. Finally, this inquiry will analyze the scope, difficulties and problems that the Unich has had.

Both private and public universities in our country and in Latin America are spaces in which institutional culture is generated, one of them is sexual harassment, a situation that is becoming part of daily life in universities; currently movements such as #Niunamenos #Metoo have been generated, collectives that mean that silence is over in the university cloisters and are gaining strength and beginning to require public policies to achieve study environments free of violence especially in regard to sexual violence. Thus, the national government has been issuing important regulations in order to curb violence, regulations that contain obligations for educational institutions, as well as private and public universities to implement. Therefore, in order to curb sexual harassment in higher education institutions, the implementation of internal regulations and norms is required, which to date have been insufficient; the purpose of the imposed regulations is to disarticulate the institutional gender culture, to include the participation of women in greater spaces; As an example we can cite that the current rector of the Dean of America, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos and the academic vice rector of the tricentennial national university of San Antonio Abad del Cusco are women, and in them we can glimpse the implementation of policies in the university cloisters to channel complaints of sexual harassment. The methodology selected for a better treatment and selection of the selected researches was the PRISMA methodology, defining the search engines, the key word of search, the language (Spanish), as well as the region where the researches were carried out, which leads us to have 22 useful researches for this one. As conclusions we can affirm that gender violence is characterized as a social problem, framed in a special system of male domination over women, which generates as a consequence psychological, physical or sexual damage; through actions that cause suffering. This type of gender violence is related to women, ...

It is argued that university education has a moral and social function in society. Its purpose is to provide a liberal education (developing the intellect by challenging it to grapple freely with difficult ideas), the development of new knowledge and the provision of trustworthy, disinterested research. To serve society in this way safeguards are necessary: a separation from the state, giving institutional autonomy and academic freedom in teaching and research. With the rise of extreme free market capitalism and the "knowledge society", these safeguards are being eroded: national governments, partly through the ramifications of the Bologna convergence process, are in the process of moulding universities to the needs of the market, and now see the accommodation of students to the workplace as the principal, or indeed only, objective for a university education. Example of the consequences of these changes are discussed, including the corruption of research integrity and erosion of individual liberties.

In this paper the general objective was determine the situation of Argentine universities: Problems, COVID-19, ICT & efforts. Methodology, in this research, 36 documents have been selected, carried out in the period 2016 - 2021; including: scientific articles, review articles and information from websites of recognized organizations. The keywords used in the searches were: Argentine universities, COVID-19 and ICT. Results, Argentine universities have many difficulties, like other Latin American universities. The pandemic has reduced access to economic resources. However, Argentine universities are making many efforts to fulfill their social role. Conclusions, the oldest university in Argentina is the National University of Córdoba, founded in 1613. Higher education in Argentina is primarily public, where direct entry is offered to students. The professional careers preferred by Argentine students are engineering, law and administration. There are also very internationally recognized private universities. Many universities are struggling to quickly set up their virtual platforms, before classes start. The difficult economic situation that the country is going through for several years, the health emergency and social isolation due to the pandemic, have paralyzed public and private university activity. It is important and urgent that Argentine universities strengthen the adoption of ICT and also promote innovation.

Dropout, school dropout or student mortality is one of the biggest problems faced by the different levels of the Higher Education System, it has high economic costs for the University and the country. The approaches of some authors consider that desertion is multi-causal: psychological, institutional and social. The age, sex of the students, the type of school where they completed their previous schooling, the level of education of their parents, the area or orientation of the secondary level of Education and the chosen career are other elements that affect dropout or school dropout. Tinto's approach refers that the existence of universities is education, not schooling; While it is true, this is an individual responsibility. With this approach, the memories of the difficult moments that we Nicaraguans went through during the Somoza period and liberal governments and traitors with the failed coup d'état are relived, who believed in the same way as Tinto that universities were a luxury that only the wealthy paid for. Several authors affirm that the problem of students who drop out of studies before finishing them is undoubtedly one of those that most concerns governments, authorities and specialists in higher education. Therefore, in opposition to Tinto's approach, this new Christian, Socialist and Solidarity government recognizes that the only way out of poverty is education, restoring that right; which is why in recent years university careers have been expanded in inhospitable parts of the country. Therefore, the main objective of this documentary article is to present the main causes of student desertion in the Psychology career of the Chontales UNAN-Managua Regional Multidisciplinary Faculty (2014-2018). In this sense, due to its great importance, this article is part of a larger investigation that will be carried out in the future, whose study objectives are classified as: psychological, social and institutional, where various methods and techniques will be used, considering as a mixed method. According to Hernández, Fernández and Batista (2014); Ibarra (2020) the mixed method constitutes the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods in order to obtain a better understanding of the research phenomena. In this sense, the methods to be used include in-depth interviews, focus groups and surveys for information processing. In the same way, the IBM SPSS program will be used, and, finally, the information will be triangulated between the three applied instruments. The previous results of the study, is the analysis with the general data of the student and statistical information, such as: sex, age, and other reports, the probability of dropping out is 23% for the first semester and not being able to enroll in the second semester, 10% who retire in the second and 2.5% finish their career. To conclude this study, it can be stated that desertion is multicausal and institutional, making the wrong career, when choosing. Likewise, it will allow the institution an analysis of the variables that intervene in the dropout phenomenon and at the same time, create strategies to combat the influence of school dropout. ; El papel de la educación superior está llamado a jugar La deserción, abandono escolar o mortalidad estudiantil, es uno de los mayores problemas que enfrentan los diferentes estamentos del Sistema de Educación Superior, incide en altos costes económicos que afectan a la Universidad y al país. Los planteamientos de algunos autores, consideran que la deserción es multicausal: psicológicas, institucional y sociales. La edad, el sexo de las y los estudiantes, el tipo de colegio donde realizaron la escolaridad previa, el nivel de instrucción de sus padres, el área u orientación del nivel medio de Educación y la carrera escogida son otros elementos que inciden en la deserción o abandono escolar. El planteamiento de Tinto refiere que la existencia de las universidades es la educación, no la escolarización; si bien es cierto, esta es una responsabilidad individual. Con este planteamiento se reviven los recuerdos de los momentos difíciles que pasamos las y los nicaragüenses en la etapa somocista y gobiernos liberales y traidores con el fallido golpe de Estado, que opinaban igual que Tinto que las universidades eran un lujo que solo la pagaba el pudiente. Diversos autores afirman que el problema de las y los alumnos que abandonan los estudios antes de dar término a los mismos, es sin duda, uno de los que más preocupan a gobiernos, autoridades y especialistas de la enseñanza superior. Por ello, en oposición al planteamiento de Tinto, este nuevo gobierno Cristiano, Socialista y Solidario, reconoce que la única forma de salir de la pobreza es la educación, restituyendo ese derecho; razón por la que en los últimos años se ampliaron las carreras universitarias en lugares inhóspitos del país. Por ende, el presente artículo de carácter documental, tiene como objetivo primordial dar a conocer las principales causas de la deserción estudiantil en la carrera de Psicología de la Facultad Regional. Multidisciplinaria de Chontales UNAN-Managua (2014- 2018). En este sentido, por su gran importancia este artículo forma parte de una investigación de mayor envergadura que se llevará a cabo en el futuro, cuyos objetivos de estudio se clasifican en: psicológicos, sociales e institucionales, donde se utilizarán diversos métodos y técnicas, considerándose como un método mixto. Según Hernández, Fernández y Batista (2014); Ibarra (2020) el método mixto constituye la integración de los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos con el fin de obtener una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos de la investigación. En este sentido, entre los métodos a utilizar se pueden mencionar las entrevistas en profundidad, grupos focales y encuestas para el procesamiento de la información. De igual forma, se hará uso del programa IBM SPSS, y, por último, se triangulará la información entre los tres instrumentos aplicados. Los resultados previos del estudio, es el análisis con los datos generales del alumno e información estadística, como es: sexo, edad, y otros informes, las probabilidades de deserción es un 23% para el primer semestre y no lograr matricularse en el segundo semestre, un 10% que se retire en el segundo y un 2.5% finalice su carrera. Para concluir este estudio, se puede afirmar que la deserción es multicausal e institucionales, equivocarse de carrera, al escoger. Así mismo, permitirá a la institución un análisis de las variables que intervienen en el fenómeno de la deserción y al mismo tiempo, crear estrategias para combatir la influencia de deserción escolar.

It is considered that the documentary sources in the knowledge system of a citizen, are an important element in their general culture, however lack knowledge on this subject by students and teachers in pedagogical universities. Is addressed in this article do with the files in the aforementioned educational institutions, as documents that are stored by value and significance representing an invaluable testimony about the economic, political and social development of mankind. Â ; Se considera que las fuentes documentales en el sistema de conocimientos de un ciudadano, forman un elemento importante en su cultura general integral, sin embargo existe desconocimiento sobre este particular en estudiantes y docentes de las universidades pedagógicas. Se aborda en este artículo lo relacionado con los archivos en los referidos centros educacionales, como documentos que son conservados por su valor y significado representando un testimonio invaluable acerca del desarrollo económico, político y social de la humanidad.

Gender studies signify an extension of the range of academic study hitherto. Although they emerged in the 1960s, they have still not been fully introduced. However, by virtue of the laws approved in the Spanish parliament since 2004, a series of mandates have been established concerning education policy and, specifically, university policy, from which it may be inferred that the introduction of these studies is now obligatory. Through an analysis of the current regulations concerning universities, this paper focuses on the common –and in some cases– additional features of the recognition of equal rights for women and men as one of the values which universities should promote, and, therefore, on the mandate of the government and the universities themselves to carry out the necessary actions –both legal and practical– to ensure their compliance. ; Los estudios de género han representado una ampliación del análisis científico que se había desarrollado hasta ahora. Aunque su aparición se situa en los años 60 del siglo pasado, la implantación de los mismos no se ha realizado todavía, al menos en toda su extensión. No obstante, a partir del año 2004 las leyes aprobadas en las Cortes Generales establecen una serie de mandatos en la política educativa y, en concreto, en la política universitaría de los que se puede inferir la obligatoriedad de incorporar estos estudios en el ámbito universitario. El trabajo incide, desde el anàlisis jurídico de la normativa vigente que afecta a las universidades, en los aspectos comunes y, en algún caso, también complementarios del reconocimiento de la igualdad de mujeres y hombres como uno de los valores que debe desarrollar la universidad y por tanto, en el mandato al poder ejecutivo y a las propias universidades para que realicen las acciones necesarias, tanto jurídicas como fácticas, para su cumplimiento.

Los estudios de género han representado una ampliación del análisis científico que se había desarrollado hasta ahora. Aunque su aparición se situa en los años 60 del siglo pasado, la implantación de los mismos no se ha realizado todavía, al menos en toda su extensión. No obstante, a partir del año 2004 las leyes aprobadas en las Cortes Generales establecen una serie de mandatos en la política educativa y, en concreto, en la política universitaría de los que se puede inferir la obligatoriedad de incorporar estos estudios en el ámbito universitario. El trabajo incide, desde el anàlisis jurídico de la normativa vigente que afecta a las universidades, en los aspectos comunes y, en algún caso, también complementarios del reconocimiento de la igualdad de mujeres y hombres como uno de los valores que debe desarrollar la universidad y por tanto, en el mandato al poder ejecutivo y a las propias universidades para que realicen las acciones necesarias, tanto jurídicas como fácticas, para su cumplimiento. ; Gender studies signify an extension of the range of academic study hitherto. Although they emerged in the 1960s, they have still not been fully introduced. However, by virtue of the laws approved in the Spanish parliament since 2004, a series of mandates have been established concerning education policy and, specifically, university policy, from which it may be inferred that the introduction of these studies is now obligatory. Through an analysis of the current regulations concerning universities, this paper focuses on the common –and in some cases– additional features of the recognition of equal rights for women and men as one of the values which universities should promote, and, therefore, on the mandate of the government and the universities themselves to carry out the necessary actions –both legal and practical– to ensure their compliance.

12 p. ; El artículo compara la visibilidad científica de las universidades colombianas a partir del indicador de ResearchGate (RGScore). El artículo analiza las 150 universidades colombianas que cuenta con perfil en ResearchGate de las 305 registradas en el Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior (SNIES). Las 10 universidades con mayor RGScore son: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad del Valle, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Universidad del Norte, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de la Sabana y Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; instituciones acreditadas en Alta Calidad por el estado colombiano. Adicionalmente, existe una correlación positiva débil entre el número de Grupos de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación clasificados y reconocidos por Colciencias por departamento y promedio RGScore de las Universidades por Departamento en Colombia. ; The paper aims to compare the scientific visibility of Colombian universities based on the ResearchGate indicator (RGScore). The article analyzes the 150 Colombian universities that have a ResearchGate profile of the 305 registered in the National Information System of Higher Education (SNIES). The top 10 universities with the best positions of RGScore are: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad del Valle, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Universidad del Norte, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de la Sabana y Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. These are institutions accredited in High Quality by the Colombian government. Additionally, there is a weak positive correlation between the number of Groups of Research, Technological Development and Innovation classified and recognized by Colciencias per regions and average RGScore of the Universities in each Colombian Department.

Intercultural Universities in Mexico took place to promote access to higher education of indigenous population, which has historically experienced a lag. In 2003 the General Coordination of Intercultural and Bilingual Education (CGEIB) is created by the federal government in order to generate proposals that incorporate knowledge, languages and culture of indigenous educational processes. By 2014 there were ten Institutions of Higher Education, which are grouped in the University Network Intercultural (Redui), and located in Mexican states with significant presence of native people. This paper seeks to analyze three great moments: a) the genesis of intercultural universities in Mexico, b) their evolution and development, and c) analysis and actual situation. Finally, this inquiry will analyze the scope, difficulties and problems that the Unich has had. ; Las Universidades interculturales en México surgen con la finalidad de favorecer el acceso a la educación superior de la población indígena. En el año 2003 se crea a nivel del gobierno federal la Coordinación General de Educación Intercultural y Bilingüe (CGEIB) con el objetivo de generar propuestas que incorporaran los conocimientos, lenguas y cultura de los pueblos indígenas a los procesos educativos oficiales. En el año 2014 se cuenta con diez instituciones de educación superior (IES), las cuales se encuentran agrupadas en la Red de Universidades Interculturales (REDUI), y se ubican en estados con significativa presencia de pueblos indígenas. El presente escrito busca analizar tres grandes momentos: a) La génesis de las Universidades Interculturales en México. b) Su evolución y desarrollo y c) Evaluación y situación actual. Finalmente se analizarán los alcances, dificultades y problemas que ha tenido la UNICH. Intercultural universities in Mexico at the crossroads Abstract Intercultural Universities in Mexico took place to promote access to higher education of indigenous population, which has historically experienced a lag. In 2003 the General Coordination of Intercultural and Bilingual Education (CGEIB) is created by the federal government in order to generate proposals that incorporate knowledge, languages and culture of indigenous educational processes. By 2014 there were ten Institutions of Higher Education, which are grouped in the University Network Intercultural (Redui), and located in Mexican states with significant presence of native people. This paper seeks to analyze three great moments: a) the genesis of intercultural universities in Mexico, b) their evolution and development, and c) analysis and actual situation. Finally, this inquiry will analyze the scope, difficulties and problems that the Unich has had. Keywords: Intercultural universities, intercultural higher education, indigenous people.

Is it useful today, or necessary, an interpretation of the Code of Canon Law from Christology? The article examines some opposition which consider as inappropriate to search for foundations or links from "outside" the Code itself and the normal legislative living tradition of the Catholic Church. The Second Vatican Council and Pope John Paul II sponsored a theological interpretation of the Code, and this article summarizes some features of the validation, method, and the successful application of an interdisciplinary "hermeneutic model" of the Theology of the Canon Law (Christology, anthropological co-references, moral theology, and the process of production and implementation of the Canons) in Catholic universities. ; ¿Hoy día resulta útil, o necesaria, una interpretación del Código de la Ley Canónica de la Cristología? El artículo examina cierta oposición que considera como inapropiada la búsqueda de bases o relaciones desde "fuera" del Código mismo y la tradición legislativa viva normal de la Iglesia Católica. El Segundo Concilio Vaticano y el papa Juan Pablo II respaldaron una interpretación teológica del Código, y este artículo resume algunos aspectos de la validez, metodología y aplicación exitosa de un "modelo hermenéutico" interdisciplinario de la teología de la Ley Canónica (cristología, correferencias antropológicas, teología moral y el proceso de producción e implementación de los Cánones) en universidades católicas.

¿Hoy día resulta útil, o necesaria, una interpretación del Código de la Ley Canónica de la Cristología? El artículo examina cierta oposición que considera como inapropiada la búsqueda de bases o relaciones desde "fuera" del Código mismo y la tradición legislativa viva normal de la Iglesia Católica. El Segundo Concilio Vaticano y el papa Juan Pablo II respaldaron una interpretación teológica del Código, y este artículo resume algunos aspectos de la validez, metodología y aplicación exitosa de un "modelo hermenéutico" interdisciplinario de la teología de la Ley Canónica (cristología, correferencias antropológicas, teología moral y el proceso de producción e implementación de los Cánones) en universidades católicas. ; Is it useful today, or necessary, an interpretation of the Code of Canon Law from Christology? The article examines some opposition which consider as inappropriate to search for foundations or links from "outside" the Code itself and the normal legislative living tradition of the Catholic Church. The Second Vatican Council and Pope John Paul II sponsored a theological interpretation of the Code, and this article summarizes some features of the validation, method, and the successful application of an interdisciplinary "hermeneutic model" of the Theology of the Canon Law (Christology, anthropological co-references, moral theology, and the process of production and implementation of the Canons) in Catholic universities.

El vocablo política se refiere a una actividad humana orientada, de forma ideológica (ideas sobre la realidad, compartidas y asumidas), a la toma de posición (implica decisiones y acciones) de un grupo, con el fin de alcanzar objetivos o metas comunes que beneficien a la sociedad, tal como lo señalaron Oszlak y O'Donnell (1976). Esta toma de decisiones representa una fuente de poder, debido a la existencia implícita de un cambio en la dinámica y en el accionar de una organización, según Gregorio Gorigoitia (2006). Las políticas universitarias son el referente de toda acción a ejecutar por parte de la comunidad en un periodo determinado; esto favorece el consenso acerca del área o de las áreas de acción que se expresan, la meta que se espera alcanzar y la orientación o guía para alcanzarla. Esta Política de Calidad procura orientar el proceso continuo de calidad académica e institucional en las universidades costarricenses, como parte fundamental de su compromiso en la formación de profesionales "con sentido humano y social de su existencia" (Siguán, 1982, p. 37), quienes en el ejercicio de su profesión son copartícipes en el desarrollo sostenible del país. También mantiene activa la acción propia que se desarrolla a lo interno de cada universidad e incorpora las diversas formas institucionales de atenderla; un compromiso de las autoridades y los actores universitarios de asumir, como tarea conjunta, la calidad de la educación universitaria nacional relacionada con el tema de la calidad académica-administrativa universitaria. La Política de Calidad presenta un marco conceptual: fines, principios, objetivos y alcances, así como los lineamientos y la ruta hacia el cumplimiento de la misma, con el interés de delimitarla y respaldar una gestión de la calidad adecuada para la autonomía universitaria y acorde con las disposiciones nacionales e internacionales. Esta Política de Calidad se elaboró con la participación de las diferentes universidades asociadas a la Unión de Rectores de Universidades Privadas (UNIRE) y las integrantes del Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE), cuyo punto de partida fue un diagnóstico acerca de la realidad vinculada a la calidad académica que viven las instituciones de educación superior universitaria en el país, una propuesta de parte de los representantes de las diferentes universidades y la revisión de un primer borrador por parte de algunas de las autoridades universitarias.Palabras clave: Universidades de Costa Rica, política de calidad, CONARE, UNIRE.AbstractWhen referring to the word politics, expressed a human activity oriented ideological form (ideas about reality, shared and suffered) to the position (involves decisions and actions) of a group, mentioned Oszlak and O'Donnell (1976), towards achieving common objectives or goals that benefit society. This decision at last is a source of power, because there is an implicit change in the dynamics and in the actions of an organization, says Gregorio Gorigoitia (2006). So, university policies constitute the reference of all action to be executed by the community, in a given period, which favors consensus on the area or areas of action expressing the goal to be achieved and an orientation or guidance on how to achieve it. This Quality Policy guidance seeks to develop a continuum of academic and institutional quality in universities in Costa Rica, as a fundamental part of its commitment to the training of professionals, " with human and social meaning of their existence, "says Siguán (1982), p.37) who in the exercise of their profession are partners in the sustainable development of the country. This remains active quality policy action that unfolds itself internally in each university and incorporates the different institutional attend to, as a commitment of the authorities and university actors to assume, as a joint effort, the quality of nationally university education, with the focus of academic and administrative quality university. The Quality Policy is presented with a conceptual framework: objectives, principles, objectives and scope, as well as guidelines and the path to the fulfillment of the same, with the interest to delimit and support an appropriate quality management for university autonomy and accordance with national and international. This Quality Policy has been prepared with the participation of the different universities associated with the Union of Rectors of Private Universities (UNIRE) and members of the National Council of Rectors (CONARE), whose point of departure was diagnosed about reality linked to academic quality experienced by university higher education institutions in the country, a proposal from representatives of different universities and revision of a first draft by some of the university authorities.Keywords: Costa Rica Universities, Quality Policies, CONARE, UNIRE.