Suchergebnisse

We used the systematic literature review to discuss the (re) production of cities in national organizational studies based on scientific production on the uses of urban spaces in Brazil. We seek studies that use the understanding of the city as a social and spatial organization, starting from organizational practices that constitute the city. To this end, we have carried out extensive research in Management publications for the past 16 years with the words: City (s), Urban Space (s) and Urban Practice (s). The results indicate that the city is (re) produced in Organizational Studies in a heterogeneous and multiple way, related to the organizational practices engendered with identity issues of social groups and communities, where the different forms of manifested sociability are central to understandings situated in appropriations and resistances that city dwellers practice in urban spaces. In conceptual terms, the results show material practices, therefore embodied and provide clues to problematize about the invisibility of bodies in studies, which we consider an absent presence. We seek to bring reflections about the democratization of public or private urban space, since the Brazilian city exposes practices of inequality, social segregation, prejudice, racism, resistance, diversity and friendship, and yet, it continues without considering the materiality of bodies as a relevant element as seen in the researched works. ; Utilizamos a revisão sistemática de literatura para discutir a (re)produção das cidades nos estudos organizacionais nacionais a partir da produção científica sobre os usos dos espaços urbanos no Brasil. Buscamos estudos que utilizam a compreensão da cidade como uma organização social e espacial, partindo de práticas organizativas que constituem a urbe. Para isso, realizamos uma ampla pesquisa nas publicações da Administração dos últimos 16 anos com as palavras: Cidade(s), Espaço(s) Urbano(s) e Prática (s) Urbana (s). Os resultados indicam que a cidade é (re) produzida nos Estudos Organizacionais de forma heterogênea e múltipla, relacionada às práticas organizativas engendradas com questões identitárias de grupos sociais e comunidades, onde as diferentes formas de sociabilidades manifestadas são centrais para entendimentos situados em apropriações e resistências que os citadinos praticam nos espaços urbanos. Em termos conceituais, os resultados mostram práticas materiais, por isso corporificadas e fornecem pistas para problematizarmos acerca da invisibilidade de corpos nos estudos, que consideramos uma presença ausente. Procuramos trazer reflexões acerca da democratização do espaço urbano público ou privado, já que a cidade brasileira expõe práticas de desigualdade, segregação social, preconceito, racismo, resistência, diversidade e amizade, e ainda sim, segue sem considerar a materialidade de corpos como elemento relevante como visto nos trabalhos pesquisados.

In the years 1998, 2005 and 2017, three criminal deaths occurred in three spaces close to each other, in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Three middle class youths were brutally murdered and won posthumous tributes, of a sculpture and two graffiti respectively. And in 2018 councilwoman Marielle Franco was murdered, giving rise to a similar social understanding and giving a new meaning to the place where the crime occurred, as well as many others, with artistic interventions. Such spaces and their surroundings, and so many others that punctuate Brazilian cities, could well be called the polygon of violence or the pain circuit, for portraying dead people. In view of this reality, the research presented here deals with an analytical reflection in the light of the concepts of "recollection" and "distraction" by Walter Benjamin, with the communication proposal of Vilém Flusser, also based on the poetics of Fernando Catroga's absence and the cultural studies on the memory of Aleida Assmann, as a proposal for the proper understanding of these practices of urban interventions as a phenomenon and its social function. Finally, the analyzes made it possible to infer that this form of resignification of suffering generates spaces of resilience, since they materialize the memory of the loss in the urban environment, by means of an artistic framework, portraying a last positive image of the deceased, so that other passersby see and be affected by the knowledge of their names and their stories.

El debate alrededor de la justicia ha ganado espacio en la geografía, especialmente a partir de los 1970s, con atención a A theory of Justice (Rawls, 1971), en la Filosofía Política, y en la Geografía, Social Justice and the city (Harvey, 1973). A partir de ahí, y sin pretensión a la exhaustividad, se recorren los debates entre diversas teorías y/o principios de justicia. En la medida en que muchos procesos analizados en geografía – como la segregación, la marginalización, la diferenciación – revelan injusticias de expresión espacial, esta reflexión sobre la justicia ofrece herramientas teóricas pertinentes para los análisis geográficos. En otros términos, se establecen los contornos del debate, para contribuir a la comprensión de las implicaciones de la abertura de la geografía a preocupaciones filosófico-éticas. Así, se presenta una visión amplia de la justicia, articulada alrededor del trípode redistribución, reconocimiento y espacio, para finalmente hacer algunas consideraciones sobre el concepto de justicia espacial. ; O debate em torno da justiça vem ganhando lugar na Geografia, notadamente a partir dos anos 1970, com destaque para A Theory of Justice (Rawls, 1971), na Filosofia Política, e, na Geografia, para Social Justice and the City (Harvey, 1973). A partir desse momento, e sem pretender à exaustividade, propõe-se um recorrido através dos debates entre diversas teorias e/ou grandes princípios de justiça. Na medida em que muitos processos analisados em Geografia – como a segregação, a marginalização, a exclusão e a diferenciação – revelam injustiças de forte expressão espacial, esta reflexão sobre a justiça oferece ferramentas teóricas e analíticas relevantes para as análises geográficas. Em outros termos, trata-se de estabelecer os contornos desse debate, para contribuir ao entendimento da abertura da Geografia a preocupações filosófico-éticas. Nesse sentido, apresenta-se uma visão ampla da justiça, em torno do tripé redistribuição, reconhecimento e espaço, para terminar com considerações sobre o conceito de justiça espacial. ; The debate around justice has been gaining ground in Geography, especially from the 1970s, with two seminal works, A theory of justice (Rawls, 1971), in Political Philosophy, and, in geography, Social Justice and the City (Harvey, 1973). From this moment, and without pretension of exhaustivity, we propose a journey through the debates between several theories and principles of justice. As a lot of processes analyzed in Geography – such as segregation, marginalization, exclusion, differentiation – reveals injustices with a strong spatial expression, this reflection about justice offers theoretical and analytical tools for geographical analyses. In other terms, it is an intent to establish the outlines of this debate, to contribute to the understanding of the opening of geography to philosophical and ethics concerns. In that respect, we aim at presenting a large vision of justice, around the tripod redistribution, recognition, and space, to finish with considerations about the concept of spatial justice.

The argument of this essay is that Lefebvre's writings contain relevant contributions to understand the contemporary phenomenon of neoliberal urbanism and, at the same time, his politics of the possible can contribute to explain the restless urban struggles and spatial practices of social movements. We value the author's contribution from a comprehensive perspective, avoiding the usual fragmented way it has been used in the fields of public administration, organization and urban studies. Our reading follows Gadamer's notion of "the horizon of the question", which indicates that "we can understand a text only when we have understood the question to which it is an answer". Accordingly, the question posed asks for the contribution of Lefebvre's oeuvre to understand contemporary urban processes and to make visible possible futures objectively implied in processes of social struggles. ; El argumento de este ensayo es que los escritos de Lefebvre contienen contribuciones relevantes para entender el fenómeno contemporáneo del urbanismo neoliberal y, al mismo tiempo, que su política de lo posible puede contribuir para explicar las incansables luchas urbanas y las prácticas espaciales de movimientos sociales. Valorizamos la contribución del autor desde una perspectiva comprensiva, que evite el modo fragmentado como es usualmente utilizada en los campos de la administración pública y de los estudios organizacionales y urbanos. Nuestra lectura sigue la noción de Gadamer acerca del "horizonte de la pregunta", la cual indica que "se puede entender un texto solamente cuando entendemos la pregunta para la cual él es una respuesta". En este sentido, la cuestión que hacemos pregunta sobre la contribución de la obra de Lefebvre para entender procesos urbanos contemporáneos y para visibilizar futuros posibles objetivamente implicados en los procesos de luchas sociales. ; O argumento deste ensaio é que os escritos de Lefebvre contêm contribuições relevantes para entender o fenômeno contemporâneo do urbanismo neoliberal e, ao mesmo tempo, que sua política do possível pode contribuir para explicar as incessantes lutas sociais e práticas espaciais de movimentos sociais. Valorizamos a contribuição do autor a partir de uma perspectiva compreensiva, que evita o modo fragmentado como tem sido utilizada nos campos da administração pública, dos estudos organizacionais e urbanos. Nossa leitura segue a noção de Gadamer sobre o "horizonte da pergunta", a qual indica que "podemos entender um texto somente quando entendemos a pergunta para a qual ele é uma resposta". Nesse sentido, a questão que fazemos pergunta sobre a contribuição da obra de Lefebvre para entender processos urbanos contemporâneos e para visibilizar futuros possíveis objetivamente implicados nos processos de lutas sociais.

Este artigo trata da relação entre povos indígenas e as cidades através da análise do caso marubo, povo do Vale do Javari (AM) falante de língua da família Pano. O artigo tem por objetivo investigar os pressupostos do xamanismo e da mitologia mobilizados na compreensão das cidades, dos deslocamentos e da alteridade. Lançando mão das contribuições recentes da etnologia americanista, pretende-se oferecer parâmetros para a análise de problemas conceituais envolvidos no entrecruzamento dos pressupostos indígenas e não-indígenas sobre territórios, mudança e diferença.

"Examines slave insurrections in early-19th-century Salvador as the first and only urban slave revolts in the New World. Argues that slave life in the city, and the circulation of ideas from Haiti and elsewhere, made possible this type of revolt"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58

This article presents theoretical approaches on the concepts of rural and urban in the Western Amazon. The methodology used is a literature review and a case study. The rural and the urban are relevant themes in the investigations of the Group of Studies and Research on Territorial and Urban Planning, of the Federal University of Pará, as well as the discussions of the Center of Studies and Research of the Cities in the Brazilian Amazon of the Federal University of Amazonas. We analyze the case of the city of Coari in Amazonas, which underwent socio-spatial transformations since the arrival of the oil industry, when the financial transfer to the City Hall, referring to the royalties resources, begins. It discusses the transformations that have occurred and, consequently, how the theoretical concepts of rural and urban cannot be applied in their entirety, considering that the region of the western Amazon has certain particularities such as: the relationship with the forest and with the rivers still remains alive in the daily life of the population of Coari and, at the same time, the city's economy is linked to the oscillations of the international oil market, maintaining a culture of sponsorship and political patronage. ; This article presents theoretical approaches on the concepts of rural and urban in the Western Amazon. The methodology used is a literature review and a case study. The rural and the urban are relevant themes in the investigations of the Group of Studies and Research on Territorial and Urban Planning, of the Federal University of Pará, as well as the discussions of the Center of Studies and Research of the Cities in the Brazilian Amazon of the Federal University of Amazonas. We analyze the case of the city of Coari in Amazonas, which underwent socio-spatial transformations since the arrival of the oil industry, when the financial transfer to the City Hall, referring to the royalties resources, begins. It discusses the transformations that have occurred and, consequently, how the theoretical concepts of rural and urban cannot be applied in their entirety, considering that the region of the western Amazon has certain particularities such as: the relationship with the forest and with the rivers still remains alive in the daily life of the population of Coari and, at the same time, the city's economy is linked to the oscillations of the international oil market, maintaining a culture of sponsorship and political patronage. ; Este artigo apresenta aproximações teóricas entre os conceitos de rural e urbano na Amazônia Ocidental. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica e um estudo de caso. O rural e o urbano são temas relevantes nas investigações do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Ordenamento Territorial e Urbano da Universidade Federal do Pará, bem como nas discussões do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades na Amazônia Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Analisa-se o caso da cidade de Coari, no Amazonas, que sofreu transformações socioespaciais a partir da chegada da indústria petrolífera, quando se iniciou o repasse financeiro para a Prefeitura Municipal, referente aos recursos dos royalties. Discorre-se sobre as transformações ocorridas e sobre como, consequentemente, os conceitos teóricos de rural e de urbano não podem ser aplicados na sua integralidade, tendo em vista que a região da Amazônia Ocidental apresenta certas particularidades, como: a relação com a floresta e com os rios ainda permanece viva no cotidiano da população de Coari e, ao mesmo tempo, a economia da cidade está ligada às oscilações do mercado internacional do petróleo, mantendo uma cultura de apadrinhamento e clientelismo político.

"Combines two mestrado theses from 1986 on urban problems in turn-of-the-century Rio de Janeiro. Public health campaigns and land speculation undertaken at the urgings of elites prompted demolition of centrally located slums, forcing out and marginalizing the poor and aggravating their health and housing problems. State-sponsored vilas operárias were an inadequate response to these problems"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58

"Focuses on role of slave resistance, e.g., revolts, flight, messianic movements, land invasions, etc., and on efforts of urban ex-slaves and mixed bloods in the abolitionist process. The authorities and the press played down such activities for fear of panicking the white population, but by the 1880s there was clear evidence of a growing loss of social control and a spreading fear of a breakdown in public order"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58

Field Education in the State of Tocantins has been the subject of studies in the academic field and has encouraged the development of research. This article is part of a broader study aimed at understanding the reality of the education offered to farmers in the state of Tocantins and aims to analyze the reality of schools located in rural areas in the region covered by the 13th Regional Education Board located in Arraias , TO. Inspired by the qualitative research, information about the reality of schools was sought in the databases of the MEC, IBGE, INEP, State and Municipal Departments of Education of the State of Tocantins, with emphasis on the number of enrollments. The results indicate that the rural population of Tocantins is quite significant, linking the number of students enrolled in the process of nucleation of schools, causing the rural students to migrate to the urban environment, which refers to the transposition of the urban model, Not taking into account what is recommended in the Operational Guidelines for Basic Education in the Field Schools.

[ES]En la actualidad, el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, registra las tensiones ambientales decurrentes del crecimiento urbano agotador de su estructura biofísica. Los impactos ambientales son diversos y están directamente relacionados con la falta de planificación y de infraestructuras urbana, como la impermeabilización inadecuada del suelo, la canalización de los ríos, la ocupación irregular, etc. Las discusiones de estos problemas permitió un espacio para los estudios interdisciplinarios sobre la sostenibilidad del ecosistema urbano, bajo la perspectiva de la presencia y manutención de las áreas verdes en la ciudad, asociado con el desarrollo de una actividad agrícola que puede conservar la memoria histórica y cultural de la población, además de la seguridad alimentaria. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general analizar la agricultura urbana como una estrategia de la sostenibilidad en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, y como los objetivos específicos discutir la importancia de la agricultura urbana como una configuración de la sostenibilidad, de acuerdo con los aspectos ecológicos, económicos, sociales y nutricionales; observar las transformaciones urbanas, de acuerdo con las características de paisaje; analizar la situación socioeconómica y los impactos ambientales de los huertos urbanos de Salvador; proponer un conjunto de indicadores de sostenibilidad para la agricultura urbana; y discutir el pronóstico de la agricultura urbana como elemento de gestión del paisaje. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, el enfoque metodológico de la tesis es interdisciplinar, integrando los aspectos ecológicos, urbanos, sociales, económicos, históricos, culturales, geográficos y estadísticos, utilizando la técnica de triangulación, lo que permitió una amplia estrategia, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa. Los resultados revelaron que la agricultura urbana y peri-urbana puede contribuir de manera significativa al mantenimiento de los corredores ecológicos en las ciudades, bajo la supervisión y evaluación adecuada de sus prácticas. La proposición de un conjunto de indicadores de sostenibilidad para esta actividad, por lo tanto será capaz de colaborar con la comprensión de estos sistemas de producción en la ciudad de Salvador, asegurando el apoyo necesario en la planificación y gestión del territorio. Los huertos urbanos también contribuyen al abastecimiento de la ciudad, a través del consumo local y regional de los alimentos producidos. En el paisaje, la agricultura urbana es una arte de interés para la seguridad alimentaria local, que debe ser vista como estratégica por los gobiernos. Las políticas públicas para fortalecer esta actividad son la garantía de la permanencia de esta práctica, que se traduce en la estabilidad institucional, aunque haya cambios en la planificación del territorio, favoreciendo una mejor calidad del paisaje ecológico, social, económico y cultural. Este estudio pretende ser una señal en el análisis de la agricultura urbana en la ciudad de Salvador, con la propuesta de un conjunto de indicadores de sostenibilidad de esta práctica, el diagnóstico de sus estrategias de cultivo, y la inserta en el contexto de la planificación y la gestión del paisaje de la ciudad. ; [EN]At present, the urban space of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, records of environmental stresses decurrent urban growth exhausting their biophysical structure. The environmental impacts are diverse and are directly related to the lack of planning and urban infrastructure such as inadequate soil sealing , channeling rivers, illegal occupation, etc. Discussions of these issues allowed a space for interdisciplinary studies on the sustainability of the urban ecosystem , from the perspective of the presence and maintenance of green areas in the city, associated with the development of an agricultural activity that can preserve the historical memory and cultural development of the population, and food security. Thus, the present paper is to analyze the overall urban agriculture as a strategy for sustainability in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and the specific aims to discuss the importance of urban agriculture as a configuration of sustainability , according with ecological , economic, social and nutritional aspects ; observed urban change , according to the characteristics of landscape , analyze the situation socioeconomic and environmental impacts of urban orchards Salvador ; propose a set of sustainability indicators for urban agriculture , and discuss the outlook for urban agriculture as an element of landscape management. To achieve these objectives , the methodological approach of the thesis is interdisciplinary , integrating ecological, urban, social , economic, historical , cultural, geographical and statistical aspects , using the technique of triangulation , which allowed a comprehensive strategy , both quantitatively and qualitative . The results revealed that urban and peri -urban agriculture can contribute significantly to the maintenance of ecological corridors way in cities, under the supervision and appropriate assessment of its practices. The proposition of a set of sustainability indicators for this activity will therefore be able to contribute to the understanding of these production systems in the city of Salvador , ensuring the necessary support in the planning and land management. Urban gardens also contribute the supply of the city, through local and regional consumption of food produced . In the landscape , urban agriculture is an art of interest to local food security , which should be seen as strategic by governments. Public policies to strengthen this activity are the guarantee of the permanence of this practice, which translates into institutional stability, even if changes in land-use planning , promoting a better quality of ecological , social, economic and cultural landscape. This study is intended as a signal in the analysis of urban agriculture in the city of Salvador, with a proposed set of indicators of sustainability of this practice , the diagnosis of their cropping strategies , and insert it in the context of planning and landscape management in the city.

The aim of this article is to bring together contributions to studies on regionalization in Brazil, presenting an overview of the institutionalization of the national program for regional development within the framework defined by the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-85). In order to achieve this, details of specialized agencies and institutions, publications by experts, and other unpublished primary sources, have been provided. As a main inference, it is assumed that the national-developmentalist project, in association with authoritarianism, encountered in the regionalization projects the territory par excellence for its materialization. This trait may be observed in manner that regions were characterized based solely on economic criteria, on the legislative privileges granted for the installation of factories outside the large capital cities, on plans and projects for removing residential neighborhoods in favor of industries and, finally, on associating the concept of regionalization to that of development. ; O artigo pretende agregar contribuições para os estudos sobre regionalização no Brasil com a apresentação de um panorama da institucionalização do programa nacional de desenvolvimento regional, no quadro delimitado pela ditadura civil-militar (1964-85). Para isso, são pormenorizados órgãos e instituições especializadas, publicações de experts, entre outras fontes documentais primárias inéditas. Como principal inferência, assume-se que o projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista, associado ao autoritarismo, encontrou nos projetos de regionalização o seu território de materialização por excelência. Esse traço pode ser observado na caracterização de regiões baseada unicamente em critérios econômicos, nos privilégios legislativos concedidos à instalação de fábricas fora das grandes capitais, em planos e projetos de remoção de bairros residenciais em prol de indústrias e, finalmente, na associação da ideia do conceito de regionalização ao de desenvolvimento

The choice of a model to be adopted in the process of urban planning and transportationrequires extensive analyzes of model characteristics and suitability to the problem being treated. This paper presents a comparison of twenty-two integrated models of land use and transportationby using content analysis methods to simplify this process and assist the planner to define the model to be adopted. The results showed that the evaluated methods have the potential to list the key information and establish important connections, simplifying the analysis of large volumes of information. In addition, the comparison has identified classes of similarities between the models and diagnose limitations, seeing new research opportunities in the area, such as applications in regional studies.