Suchergebnisse

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With contributions from Alan Kirman and Rod O'Donnell, Karl Mittermaier's posthumously published work establishes a conceptual framework that will help economic theorists explore new paths of empirical analysis.

RICHARD MCKELVEY PREDICTS THAT CANDIDATES WILL CONVERGE TO AN EQUILIBRIUM IF CANDIDATES AND VOTERS MAXIMIZE THEIR UTILITY AND VOTERS' PREFERENCES CONFORM TO STRINGENT ASSUMPTIONS. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN ELECTORAL DATA AND THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE THEORY, AN ANALYSIS OF 1972 AND 1976 SURVEY DATA LENDS SUPPORT TO BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE THEORY. FIRST, MOST VOTERS DID CHOOSE THE CANDIDATE WHO PROVIDED THE GREATER UTILITY. SECOND, VOTER DISTRIBUTION WAS NOT ASYMMETRICAL ENOUGH TO ALLOW A CANDIDATE TO WIN BY MOVING AWAY FROM THE MEDIAN TOWARD A CONCENTRATION OF VOTERS. THIRD, THE WINNING STRATEGY FOR A CANDIDATE WAS TO LOCATE AT OR NEAR THE MEDIAN. WHILE FORMAL THEORIES' PREDICTIONS WILL NOT HOLD IN THEIR PRECISELY STATED FORM, THE ASSUMPTIONS CAN BE ROBUST ENOUGH TO OFFER AN EXPLANATION OF ELECTORAL CHOICES.

The Action–Trait theory of human motivation posits that individual differences in predispositional traits of action may account for variance in contemporary purposeful human behavior. Prior research has supported the theory, psychometric properties of scales designed to assess the motive dimensions of the theory, and the utility of these scales to predict an array of behaviors, but this is the first study to evaluate the cross-linguistical invariance of the 15-factor theoretical model. This study evaluated translations of the English language 60-item Quick AIM in 5 samples – Croatian (N = 614), French (N = 246), German (N = 154), Polish (M = 314), and U.S. English (N = 490) – recruited from 4 countries (Croatia, Poland, Switzerland, and the U.S.). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) supported the theoretical model on which the traits of action are based and scrutinized the measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar invariance) of the scale across the languages.

Purpose
This study aims to examine how higher education can mold pro-environmental actions among students with educational social-marketing leads; it probes into the direct influence of four value orientations toward pro-environmental beliefs, norms and behaviors.


Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative research sought deductive reasoning. Data gathering took place in January 2023, following a cross-sectional framework. The researcher visited various private universities in Egypt, which used effort to change the practices among students toward sustainable developments, distributing digitally administrated questionnaires to students on campus. Through convenience nonprobability sampling, 581 questionnaires were collected and statistically analyzed, using SPSS.


Findings
This study shows that altruistic and biospheric value impact students' personal beliefs toward pro-environmental behaviors; students' personal beliefs significantly impact the norms that are present on campus; the norms found on campus impact significantly students to behave as green passengers, recyclers and utility-savers.


Practical implications
Higher education institutions play a significant role in promoting the manifestations of rationality and objectivity among students about environmental challenges and sustainable development. Eco-friendly behaviors are rooted in values; thus, understanding the initial values among students is critical in developing coping strategies and social marketing initiatives that inspire the needed conservational behaviors.


Originality/value
By aligning the value-belief-norm theory with two disciplines (higher education on sustainability and social marketing), this study builds upon the theory, identifying the underlying value-structures that inspire students' necessary environmental and sustainable behaviors to improve societies for future generation rightness. This study provides more nuanced insights into a better educational intervention for shaping students' manners toward environmentalism to improve communities worldwide.

This PhD dissertation studies two independent research topics dealing with phenomena issues from financial and economic mathematics.This thesis is organized in two parts. The first part is devoted to two contributions tothe Merton problem. First, we investigate the problem of optimal investment and consumption of Merton in the case of discrete markets in an infinite horizon. We suppose that there is frictions in the markets due to loss in trading. These frictions are modeled through nonlinear penalty functions and the classical transaction cost studied by Magill and Constantinides in [31] and illiquidity models studied by Cetin, Jarrow and Protter in [6] are included in this formulation. In this context, the solvency region is defined taking into account this penalty function and every investigator have to maximize his utility, that is derived from consumption, in this region. We give the dynamic programming ofthe model and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the value function. Optimalinvestment and consumption strategies are constructed as well. We second extend the Merton model to a multi-investors problem. Our approach is to construct a dynamic deterministic general equilibrium model. We then provide the existence of equilibrium of the problem which is a set of controls that is composed of consumption and portfolio processes, as well as the resulting price processes so that each investor's consumption policy maximizes his lifetime expected. The results obtained in this part extends mainly the results recently obtained by Chebbi and Soner [10] and other corresponding results in the litterature.The second part of this thesis deals with the problem of the existence of an equilibrium of a production economy with unbounded attainable allocations sets where the consumers may have non-complete non-transitive preferences. We introduce an asymptotic property on preferences for the attainable consumptions in order to prove the existence of an equilibrium. We show that this condition holds true if the set of attainable allocations is compact or, when preferences are representable by utility functions, if the set of attainable individually rational utility levels is compact. This assumption generalizes the CPP condition of Allouch [1] and covers the example of Page et al. [40] when the attainable utility levels set is not compact. So we extend the previous existence results with unbounded attainable sets in two ways by adding a production sector and considering general preferences. ; Cette thèse traite des phénomènes liés aux mathématiques financières et économiques. Elle est composée de deux sujets de recherche indépendants. La première partie est consacrée à deux contributions au problème de Merton. Pour commencer, nous étudions le problème de l'investissement optimal et de la consommation de Merton dans le cas de marchés discrets dans un horizon infini. Nous supposons qu'il y a des frictions sur les marchés en raison de la perte due aux échanges financières. Ces frictions sont modélisées par des fonctions de pénalités non linéaires où les modèles classiques de coût de transactions étudiés par Magill et Constantinides [31] et les marchés illiquides étudiés par Cetin, Jarrow et Protter dans [6] sont inclus dans cette formulation. Dans ce contexte, la région de solvabilité est définie en tenant compte de cette fonction de pénalité et chaque investisseur doit maximiser son utilité, dérivée de la consommation. Nous donnons la programmation dynamique du modèle et nous prouvons l'existence et l'unicité de la fonction valeur. Des stratégies optimales d'investissement et de consommation sont également construites. Ensuite, nous étendons le modèle de Merton à un problème à plusieurs investisseurs. Notre approche consiste à construire un modèle d'équilibre général déterministe dynamique. Nous prouvons ensuite l'existence d'un équilibre du problème qui est un ensemble de contrôles composés de processus de consommation et de portefeuille, ainsi que les processus de prix qui en découlent afin que la politique de consommation de chaque investisseur maximise son profil. Les résultats obtenus dans cette partie étendent principalement les résultats récemment obtenus par Chebbi et Soner [10] ainsi qu'aux d'autres résultats obtenus dans ce cadre dans la littérature. Dans la deuxième partie, nous traitons le problème de l'existence d'un équilibre d'une économie de production avec des ensembles d'allocations réalisables non-bornés où les consommateurs peuvent avoir des préférences non-transitives non-complètes. Nous introduisons une propriété asymptotique sur les préférences pour les consommations réalisables afin de prouver l'existence d'un équilibre. Nous montrons que cette condition est vraie lorsque l'ensemble des allocations réalisables est compact ou aussi lorsque les préférences sont représentées par des fonctions d'utilité dans le cas où l'ensemble des niveaux d'utilité rationnels individuels réalisables est compact. Cette hypothèse généralise la condition de CPP de Allouch [1] et couvre l'exemple de Page et al. [40] lorsque les niveaux d'utilité disponibles définis ne sont pas compacts. Nous étendons donc les résultats existants dans la littérature avec des ensembles réalisables non bornés de deux façons en ajoutant la production et en prenant en compte des préférences générales.

I: Economics of Decision -- Introductory Note -- 1. Rational Behavior, Uncertain Prospects, and Measurable Utility (1950) -- 2. Why 'Should' Statisticians and Businessmen Maximize 'Moral Expectation' ? (1951) -- 3. Scaling of Utilities and Probabilities (1954) -- 4. Probability in the Social Sciences (1954) -- 5. Norms and Habits of Decision Making Under Certainty (1955) -- 6. Experimental Tests of a Stochastic Decision Theory (1959) -- 7. Random Orderings and Stochastic Theories of Responses (1960) -- 8. Binary-Choice Constraints and Random Utility Indicators (1960) -- 9. Actual Versus Consistent Decision Behavior (1964) -- 10. Stochastic Models of Choice Behavior (1963) -- 11. On Adaptive Programming (1963) -- 12. An Experimental Study of Some Stochastic Models for Wagers (1963) -- 13. The Payoff-Relevant Description of States and Acts (1963) -- 14. Probabilities of Choices Among Very Similar Objects: An Experiment to Decide Between Two Models (1963) -- 15. Measuring Utility by a Single-Response Sequential Method (1964) -- 16. Decision Making: Economic Aspects (1968) -- 17. The Economic Man's Logic (1970) -- 18. Economics of Acting, Thinking, and Surviving (1974) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.

This major reassessment of the relevance of Marxism in the social sciences decisively rebuts claims that it has been consigned to the dustbin of history by the collapse of communism and apparent triumph of capitalism and liberal democracy. The book first considers how Marxism has engaged with various critiques including Postmodernism, New Right theory and Feminism before assessing its continuing utility as a framework for analysis of a range of substantive issues from class and the state to culture, ecology and globalization

Critically assesses Roy Cordato's attempt (1992) to develop a theory of Austrian welfare & an alternative paradigm to neoclassical welfare theory by creating a general theory of welfare & efficiency that is divorced from perfect competition or any notion of general equilibrium. Cordato's assessment of Murray Rothbard's "Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics" (1956), which offered both an alternative foundation for welfare theory & criticism of new welfare economics, is discussed. Cordato criticizes Rothbard for failing to include psychic utility loss in his free-market benchmark & for ignoring the problem of interpersonal utility. It is concluded that Cordato does not provide any solutions to the problems of neoclassical welfare economics. Adapted from the source document.