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This action research sought ways to maximize secondary social studies teachers' instructional time and merge their core functions as literacy, content and social-justice instructors. Drawing on a wide literature demonstrating potent correlation between requisite vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, this action research investigated the potential interface between explicit literacy instruction, particularly robust vocabulary instruction, and democratic citizenship, while keeping in mind the intent of the Common Core Standards. In other words: is it possible to fuse robust vocabulary instruction to achieve transformative citizenship? Data collection included multiple in-person and digital interviews with veteran K-12 teachers, administrators and university professors about their views on social justice, literacy instruction, and potential connections between the two. Results indicated that while secondary social studies educators value both literacy and social justice, they do not employ systematic literacy or social justice pedagogy to achieve their goals. However, the limited sample, in terms of numbers, convenience, and lack of racial diversity calls for further investigation.

"Internationally recognised as one of the leading texts in its field, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to vocabulary for language teachers who would like to know more about the way vocabulary works. Two leading specialists make research and theory accessible, providing the background knowledge necessary for practitioners to make informed choices about vocabulary teaching and testing. This second edition retains the popular format of the first edition, and has been rewritten to take account of the many developments in the past 20 years. There is a greater focus on the vocabulary learning process, with new chapters on incidental learning, and intentional learning, and a new wide-ranging discussion of formulaic language. The book now also includes extensive treatment of word lists and vocabulary tests, with explanations of their various strengths and limitations. Updated further reading sections, and new Exercises for Expansion make this volume more invaluable than ever"--

Readers respond to Michael Walzer's Fall 2004 "Editor's Page," which claimed that the 2004 election was won based on "family values." Alpert and Luck argue that the real issue of this election, however, was the failure of the Democrats to articulate a message of their own.

First-, fourth-, and ninth-grade hearing students were administered randomly selected items from the Carolina Picture Vocabulary Test (CPVT; Layton & Holmes, 1985) to determine the degree to which signs used in the CPVT are iconic (see note) and can actually convey a sign's meaning at the moment of testing, thus providing an inflated vocabulary score. Hearing students were tested because they had no prior sign knowledge or experience. Results indicate that the signs used in the CPVT are sufficiently iconic to enable students unfamiliar with signs to identify a test picture; 73% of their responses were correct when chance selection was 25%. Such findings signal potential problems with existing receptive sign vocabulary tests; consequently, test results should be interpreted cautiously. Note: Not all signs are iconic. Iconic signs have semantic features nested in their formation, location, and movement that visually convey enough information to manifest word meaning. Formation, location, and movement are also called cheremic features of sign.

The article deals with the problem of teaching vocabulary. Different aspects of vocabulary (pronunciation, spelling, grammar, collocation, meaning, word formation) are considered alongside with efficient vocabulary testing techniques

Данная статья рассматривает проблему внеконтекстного введения лексических единиц. Как показывают наши наблюдения, изучающие английский язык (уровни В1+) часто неспособны вспомнить название какого-либо дня недели без необходимости сначала перечислить все дни недели по порядку, а также имеют сложности в различении слов to ski и to skate. Это подтверждают данные проведенного нами опроса (у 82 % респондентов были сложности при вспоминании названий дней недели, а у 52 % - с различием между двумя зимними видами спорта. Подобная базовая лексика изучается на ранних этапах обучения обычно механически. Согласно имеющимся данным по обучению лексике было выявлено, что такой прием запоминания существенно уступает контекстуальному, что делает наше исследование актуальным. Подтвердив выдвинутую гипотезу, мы попытались контекстуализировать лексемы посредством презентации, где были освещены истоки названий дней недели, предоставлены ассоциации с каждым из них, а также сочетания со словами to ski / to skate и параллель с долготой гласного звука и оборудования, используемого в этих видах спорта. Во втором опросе 82 % и 52 % респондентов, у которых были ранее трудности при вспоминании названий дней недели и видов спорта соответственно, должны были ответить, помогли ли им предоставленные материалы и контекст. 85 % и 90 % опрошенных сообщили о снижении трудностей. Из этого можно сделать вывод, что контекстуализация исследуемых лексических единиц посредством ассоциаций, примеров и визуальных элементов привела к их улучшенному распознаванию и усвоению. Помимо этого, данная проблема достаточно распространена, так как респонденты предоставили существенное количество похожих по сложности пар/групп лексических единиц, которые могут быть исследованы в будущем.
This article considers the problem of decontextualized vocabulary learning. Our observation that learners of English, who have at least B1+ level, often report having difficulties recalling the English variant for a specific weekday without having previously enumerated all of them as a sequence as well as distinguishing to ski and to skate prompted this study. This is confirmed by our survey data (82% of respondents had difficulty in remembering the names of the days of the week, and 52% had difficulty in distinguishing between the two winter sports. This kind of vocabulary is studied at the early stages of the education process and is learnt mechanically by drilling. According to the available data on vocabulary learning, it has been found that this method of memorizing is significantly inferior to the contextual one, which makes our study relevant. Confirming the hypothesis, we tried to contextualize the lexemes through a presentation highlighting the origins of the names of the days of the week, providing associations with each of them as well as combinations with words to ski / to skate and a parallel to the long vowel sound and equipment used in these sports. In the second survey, 82% and 52% of respondents who had previously had difficulties remembering the names of days of the week and sports, respectively, had to say whether the material and context had helped them. 85% and 90% of respondents reported a decrease in difficulty. From this we can conclude that the contextual learning of the studied lexical units by means of associations, examples and visual elements led to their improved recognition and comprehension. In addition, this problem is quite common, as the respondents provided a significant number of similar complexity pairs/groups of lexical units which can be investigated in the future.