Suchergebnisse

This paper argues that bonus wages, understood as lump sum payments contingent upon the achievement of a firm's production goals, are superior to piece wages from the point of view of capital. While bonus wages reproduce the main traits of piece wages they also generate a higher degree of cohesion on the shop floor due to self-interest and mutual surveillance among workers. It is suggested that bonus wages are better analyzed within a Marxian framework for they are a manifestation of the capitalist need for control both of the labor process and the process of valorization, a double aspect that is not considered either in wage efficiency theories or in radical theories of cost of job loss. It is argued further that bonus wages cannot be understood on the basis of reciprocity or fairness theories for they are the result of conflict rather than the outcome of mutual comprehension and a taste for equity. It concludes that the separate goals of discipline and incentive are collapsed together because the use of bonus wages for incentive in the form of a bonus acts as an instrument of discipline. Jel Classification: B 51; J33

This paper investigates wage inequality and wage mobility in Turkey using the surveys on income and living conditions. Providing the first evidence on wage mobility for Turkey, our paper also differs from the existing literature by investigating wage inequality and wage mobility over various socio-economic groups. We first present an overview of wage inequality over the period 2005-2011. Next, we compute several measures of wage mobility and explore the link between wage inequality and wage mobility. Further, emphasizing positional mobility, we compute transition matrices and investigate the determinants of transition probabilities. The results show that, overall, wage inequality exhibits a slight increase over the analysis period. Wage mobility in Turkey is lower than what is observed in European Union countries although it increases as the time horizon expands. Wage mobility has an equalizing impact on wage distribution; however, this impact is not substantial enough to overcome the high and persistent wage inequality in Turkey.

A review of 1939-56 wage developments and policies shows the willingness of trade unions to exercise self-restraint. Inflationary pressures, however, caused an uncontrollable and distorting "wage drift." Wage-price ex plosions resulted: repeatedly it appeared necessary to reshape the wage structure on the basis of rank-and-file psychology and market developments as well as long-term principles ("solidaristic wage policy"). At times centralized master agreements were used. All this is the background of a recurrent discussion as to how to solve the dilemma of wage policy in full employment without de stroying the self-determination of the organizations. The institutional back ground is shown by implication.—Ed.

Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), this paper investigates wage inequality and wage mobility in Europe. Decomposing inequality into within and between group inequality, we analyse to what extent wage inequality and mobility can be explained by observable characteristics. Furthermore, we investigate which individual and household characteristics determine transitions within the wage distribution. Finally, we examine the importance of institutions for wage inequality, wage mobility, and wage transitions. We find that overall, mobility reduces wage inequality. While a large part of wage inequality is due to unobservable characteristics, the equalizing effect of mobility mainly occurs within groups. Furthermore, both personal and household characteristics play an important role for wage transitions. Finally, our findings reveal large cross-country differences across Europe, which are partly linked to the institutional set-up of the national labour markets. ; Auf Grundlage der Statistik der Europäischen Union über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen wird in diesem Papier die Lohnungleichheit und die Lohnmobilität in Europa untersucht. Eine Zerlegung der Ungleichheit in Ungleichheit innerhalb und zwischen Bevölkerungsgruppen liefert Erkenntnisse darüber, inwiefern Lohnungleichheit und -mobilität durch beobachtbare Eigenschaften erklärt werden können. Darüber hinaus werden die Bedeutung von individuellen und Haushaltscharakteristika für Transitionen innerhalb der Lohnverteilung analysiert. Letztlich wird der Zusammenhang von Institutionen mit Lohnungleichheit, Lohnmobilität und Lohntransitionen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse lauten wir folgt. Mobilität verringert Lohnungleichheit. Obwohl ein hoher Anteil der Lohnungleichheit auf unbeobachtbare Faktoren zurückzuführen ist, findet der ausgleichende Effekt von Mobillität hauptsächlich zwischen den Bevölkerungsgruppen statt. Zudem spielen sowohl individuelle als auch Haushaltscharakteristika eine wichtige Rolle für Lohntransitionen. Letztlich zeigen die Ergebnisse große Unterschiede zwischen den europäischen Ländern, die sich teilweise auf die institutionellen Gegebenheiten der nationalen Arbeitsmärkte zurückführen lassen.

The combination of downward nominal wage rigidity and pegged exchange rate creates an externality which leads to excessive wage inflation (Schmitt-Groh_e and Uribe, 2016). This paper re-examines this result assuming that wage setters are forward looking, hence endogenously restrain wage increases facing downward wage rigidity, as in Elsby (2009). In this case, wage inflation is either excessively high or excessively low compared to the social optimum: while wages increase too strongly following demand shocks, they rise by too little following Balassa-Samuelson-type technology shocks. Applying the model to euro area countries, I document excessively high wage inflation rates in the euro periphery, but excessively low rates in the euro core, in the pre-crisis period. ; The ADEMU Working Paper Series is being supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 European Union funding for Research & Innovation, grant agreement No 649396.

This paper investigates wage inequality and wage mobility in Turkey using the Surveys on Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This is the first paper that explores wage mobility for Turkey. It differs from the existing literature by providing analyses of wage inequality and wage mobility over various socioeconomic groups such as gender, age, education and sector of economic activity. We first present an overview of the evolution of wages and wage inequality over the period 2005-2011. Next, we compute several measures of wage mobility and explore the link between wage inequality and wage mobility. Further, we compute the transition matrices which show movements of individuals across the wage distribution from one period to another and investigate the determinants of transition probabilities using a multinomial logit model. The results show that overall the real wages increased over the study period and wage inequality exhibits a slight increase. Wage inequality is one of the highest among the European Union (EU) countries. The wage mobility in Turkey is lower than what is observed in the European Union countries although it increases as time horizon expands. Wage mobility has an equalizing impact on the wage distribution, however; this impact is not substantial enough to overcome the high and persistent wage inequality in Turkey.

This paper investigates wage inequality and wage mobility in Turkey using the Surveys on Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This is the first paper that explores wage mobility for Turkey. It differs from the existing literature by providing analyses of wage inequality and wage mobility over various socioeconomic groups such as gender, age, education and sector of economic activity. We first present an overview of the evolution of wages and wage inequality over the period 2005-2011. Next, we compute several measures of wage mobility and explore the link between wage inequality and wage mobility. Further, we compute the transition matrices which show movements of individuals across the wage distribution from one period to another and investigate the determinants of transition probabilities using a multinomial logit model. The results show that overall the real wages increased over the study period and wage inequality exhibits a slight increase. Wage inequality is one of the highest among the European Union (EU) countries. The wage mobility in Turkey is lower than what is observed in the European Union countries although it increases as time horizon expands. Wage mobility has an equalizing impact on the wage distribution, however; this impact is not substantial enough to overcome the high and persistent wage inequality in Turkey.

This paper investigates wage inequality and wage mobility in Turkey using the Surveys on Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This is the first paper that explores wage mobility for Turkey. It differs from the existing literature by providing analyses of wage inequality and wage mobility over various socioeconomic groups such as gender, age, education and sector of economic activity. We first present an overview of the evolution of wages and wage inequality over the period 2005-2011. Next, we compute several measures of wage mobility and explore the link between wage inequality and wage mobility. Further, we compute the transition matrices which show movements of individuals across the wage distribution from one period to another and investigate the determinants of transition probabilities using a multinomial logit model. The results show that overall the real wages increased over the study period and wage inequality exhibits a slight increase. Wage inequality is one of the highest among the European Union (EU) countries. The wage mobility in Turkey is lower than what is observed in the European Union countries although it increases as time horizon expands. Wage mobility has an equalizing impact on the wage distribution, however; this impact is not substantial enough to overcome the high and persistent wage inequality in Turkey.