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Warlord competition
Warlords compete for turf that provides them with rents and 'taxable' resources but they can also offer a semblance of security within their respective territories. This article first examines two economic models of warlord competition. Because such competition takes place through the use of force or the threat of the use of force, more competition typically leads to lower material welfare as resources are wasted on unproductive arming and fighting. This is in contrast to ordinary economic models, in which typically greater competition leads to higher material welfare. Furthermore, rents from oil, diamonds, and even foreign aid crowd out production. In extreme cases this crowding out of ordinary production can be complete, whereby all economic resources can be devoted to the unproductive competition for rents. The article then reviews factors that lead either to actual war or to peace in the shadow of war. Because war is destrucrive, human beings are typically risk averse, and there exist numerous complementarities in production and consumption, we can expect peace in the shadow of war to be most often preferable by all parties. Actual war can take place because of incomplete information about the preferences and capabilities of the adversaries but also, somewhat surprisingly, when the shadow of the future is long.
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Warlords: eine Problemskizze
In: Comparativ: C ; Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung, Band 9, Heft 5/6, S. 187-205
ISSN: 0940-3566
Angesichts einer neuen Unübersichtlichkeit, die die Kriege und politischen Konflikte der Gegenwart kennzeichnet, werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Figurationen der "Warlords" betrachtet. In entwicklungssoziologischer Hinsicht stellen die Warlordgebilde insofern eine Herausforderung dar, als sie in Raum und Zeit verstreut auftauchen. Sie sind dispersiert und diskontinuierlich und weisen nicht immer die Spuren ihrer Vorgänger auf. Aus der Perspektive des Staates handelt es sich bei den Warlordfigurationen um typische Bifurkationsphänomene, obwohl sie nicht in das allgemeine Schema passen, wonach sich die Entwicklung einer Gesellschaft durch Brüche, Revolutionen oder transformative Schwellen vollzieht. Die Entwicklungspotenziale der Warlordfigurationen liegen dagegen in ihrer Fähigkeit zur Gewaltorganisation und zum Gebrauch der organisierten Gewalt für die Kontrolle von Märkten. Um die außerstaatlichen Kriegführungen seit 1800, die gemeinhin mit dem Begriff der "Warlords" verbunden werden, zu verdeutlichen, geht der Autor auf Beispiele aus Asien, Afrika, Europa und Lateinamerika ein. Sein Interesse gilt dabei weniger den Motiven und Absichten einzelner Warlords, im Vordergrund stehen entwicklungssoziologische Fragen nach der ungeplanten Verflechtungsordnung der Warlords, ihren Figurationen und den anthropologischen Aspekten ihres Wandels. (ICI2)
Defining Warlords
In: International peacekeeping, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 48-62
ISSN: 1353-3312
SSRN
Working paper
Warlord Competition
In: Journal of peace research, Band 39, Heft 4, S. 435-446
ISSN: 1460-3578
Warlords compete for turf that provides them with rents and `taxable' resources, but they can also offer a semblance of security within their respective territories. This article first examines two economic models of warlord competition. Because such competition takes place through the use of force or the threat of the use of force, more competition typically leads to lower material welfare as resources are wasted on unproductive arming and fighting. This is in contrast to ordinary economic models, in which typically greater competition leads to higher material welfare. Furthermore, rents from oil, diamonds, and even foreign aid crowd out production. In extreme cases, this crowding out of ordinary production can be complete, whereby all economic resources can be devoted to the unproductive competition for rents. The article then reviews factors that lead either to actual war or to peace in the shadow of war. Because war is destructive, human beings are typically risk averse, and there exist numerous complementarities in production and consumption, we can expect peace in the shadow of war to be most often preferable by all parties. Actual war can take place because of incomplete information about the preferences and capabilities of the adversaries but also, somewhat surprisingly, when the shadow of the future is sufficiently long.
Warlord Competition
In: Journal of peace research, Band 39, Heft 4, S. 435-446
ISSN: 0022-3433
From warlords to peacelords?
In: Journal of international affairs, Band 56, Heft 2, S. 181-191
ISSN: 0022-197X
World Affairs Online
Warlord competition
In: Journal of peace research, Band 39, S. 435-446
ISSN: 0022-3433
World Affairs Online
DER TYRANN UND DER WARLORD
In: Context XXI, Heft 1-2, S. 14-17
ISSN: 1028-2319
Defining warlords
In: International peacekeeping, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 48-62
ISSN: 1743-906X
Rethinking Warlords
In: SAIS review, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 261-264
ISSN: 1088-3142