The article focuses on the controversies of WWII, how the intertwining of history and politics impacts evaluation of the events of the war, the emphasis that is placed on historical memory and the possibilities of "forgetfulness", and politicization of the holocaust memory. On the basis of diaries and contemporary notes, the situation in German-occupied Lithuania, episodes of the holocaust, the activities of the Lithuanian police battalions, and the actions of the Soviet Army in occupied German territory is analyzed.
The article focuses on the controversies of WWII, how the intertwining of history and politics impacts evaluation of the events of the war, the emphasis that is placed on historical memory and the possibilities of "forgetfulness", and politicization of the holocaust memory. On the basis of diaries and contemporary notes, the situation in German-occupied Lithuania, episodes of the holocaust, the activities of the Lithuanian police battalions, and the actions of the Soviet Army in occupied German territory is analyzed.
Globalization is a catch-all term used to describe a combination of trends and processes that link economies, societies and governments around the world. The underlying forces creating global interdependence are not new. However, events around the world have made larger, and more sudden, impacts on social organizations, economic performance and public policy that haven't been experienced before. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of public administration modernization regarding principles of New Public Management that is being influenced by the forces of politics globalization and by rise of supraterritorialy fact. Paper explores the concept of globalization, emphasize globalization of politics, and stress the influence of globalization on a state. Trends of public administration reforms, export of public administration models, regional specifics of public administration reforms, changes of national and international governance systems are examined in the paper as the consequence of public administration globalization. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama politinės globalizacijos samprata ir jos įtaka viešajam administravimui, apibrėžiamos regioninės viešojo administravimo modernizavimo galimybės ir tendencijos, parodomas nacionalinių ir tarptautinių valdymo mechanizmų pokyčių ryšys. Aptariamos galimos politinės ir administracinės veiklos sritys ir principai, kurių vystymas padėtų įveikti globalizacijos grėsmes, leistų išnaudoti teikiamas jos galimybes ir įgyvendinti globalios visuomenės keliamus tikslus.
The object of the article refers to the main focus of the Lithuanian pavilion at the sculpture of The Christ in distress created by Juozas Mikėnas (1901-1964). The article explores the creation history of this exhibit as well as cultural circumstances of the given period which determined the choice of the main subject for that exhibit. The paper also specifies a possible prototype of the J. Mikėnas' Christ in Distress sculpture. About 1936 a small sculpture of The Christ in Distress created by a folk artisan was found behind the High altar in Šiluva. According to the witness of this event Zigmas Toliušis, namely this sculpture carved by an unknown folk artist became the source of inspiration for the sculptor J. Mikėnas. The choice of The Christ in Distress subject for the main exhibit of the Lithuanian pavilion at the 1937 Paris World Exhibition was determined by the political and cultural situation of the fourth decade of the 20th century. The image of Lithuania as "the country of the Christ in Distress" formed in the second and third decades of the 20th century, became an unquestionable affirmation in the fourth decade of that century. The 1937 Paris World Exhibition turned to be one of the major "stages" in consolidating these ideas in the world. In spite of controversial evaluations in the press of that period, the work of the sculptor J. Mikėnas marks the whole cultural epoch of interwar independent Lithuania and also remains one of the most important works in the sculptor's oeuvre.
The object of the article refers to the main focus of the Lithuanian pavilion at the sculpture of The Christ in distress created by Juozas Mikėnas (1901-1964). The article explores the creation history of this exhibit as well as cultural circumstances of the given period which determined the choice of the main subject for that exhibit. The paper also specifies a possible prototype of the J. Mikėnas' Christ in Distress sculpture. About 1936 a small sculpture of The Christ in Distress created by a folk artisan was found behind the High altar in Šiluva. According to the witness of this event Zigmas Toliušis, namely this sculpture carved by an unknown folk artist became the source of inspiration for the sculptor J. Mikėnas. The choice of The Christ in Distress subject for the main exhibit of the Lithuanian pavilion at the 1937 Paris World Exhibition was determined by the political and cultural situation of the fourth decade of the 20th century. The image of Lithuania as "the country of the Christ in Distress" formed in the second and third decades of the 20th century, became an unquestionable affirmation in the fourth decade of that century. The 1937 Paris World Exhibition turned to be one of the major "stages" in consolidating these ideas in the world. In spite of controversial evaluations in the press of that period, the work of the sculptor J. Mikėnas marks the whole cultural epoch of interwar independent Lithuania and also remains one of the most important works in the sculptor's oeuvre.
The object of the article refers to the main focus of the Lithuanian pavilion at the sculpture of The Christ in distress created by Juozas Mikėnas (1901-1964). The article explores the creation history of this exhibit as well as cultural circumstances of the given period which determined the choice of the main subject for that exhibit. The paper also specifies a possible prototype of the J. Mikėnas' Christ in Distress sculpture. About 1936 a small sculpture of The Christ in Distress created by a folk artisan was found behind the High altar in Šiluva. According to the witness of this event Zigmas Toliušis, namely this sculpture carved by an unknown folk artist became the source of inspiration for the sculptor J. Mikėnas. The choice of The Christ in Distress subject for the main exhibit of the Lithuanian pavilion at the 1937 Paris World Exhibition was determined by the political and cultural situation of the fourth decade of the 20th century. The image of Lithuania as "the country of the Christ in Distress" formed in the second and third decades of the 20th century, became an unquestionable affirmation in the fourth decade of that century. The 1937 Paris World Exhibition turned to be one of the major "stages" in consolidating these ideas in the world. In spite of controversial evaluations in the press of that period, the work of the sculptor J. Mikėnas marks the whole cultural epoch of interwar independent Lithuania and also remains one of the most important works in the sculptor's oeuvre.
The object of the article refers to the main focus of the Lithuanian pavilion at the sculpture of The Christ in distress created by Juozas Mikėnas (1901-1964). The article explores the creation history of this exhibit as well as cultural circumstances of the given period which determined the choice of the main subject for that exhibit. The paper also specifies a possible prototype of the J. Mikėnas' Christ in Distress sculpture. About 1936 a small sculpture of The Christ in Distress created by a folk artisan was found behind the High altar in Šiluva. According to the witness of this event Zigmas Toliušis, namely this sculpture carved by an unknown folk artist became the source of inspiration for the sculptor J. Mikėnas. The choice of The Christ in Distress subject for the main exhibit of the Lithuanian pavilion at the 1937 Paris World Exhibition was determined by the political and cultural situation of the fourth decade of the 20th century. The image of Lithuania as "the country of the Christ in Distress" formed in the second and third decades of the 20th century, became an unquestionable affirmation in the fourth decade of that century. The 1937 Paris World Exhibition turned to be one of the major "stages" in consolidating these ideas in the world. In spite of controversial evaluations in the press of that period, the work of the sculptor J. Mikėnas marks the whole cultural epoch of interwar independent Lithuania and also remains one of the most important works in the sculptor's oeuvre.
The aim of the article is to identify the main objectives that arise for religions under conditions of globalisation, as well as the conceptual approach that is necessary for their analysis. The theoretical perspective that has been selected is the concept of "work that has been advanced by soul" that unifies religion and culture. Culture is analysed through the prism of the concepts of social communication and individual personification; meanwhile, religion is approached through the concept of the relationship with the absolute or infinity by highlighting both their mutual autonomy and their overlap. Nowadays, the conditions for both cultural life and religious life are undergoing radical transformations because of the process of globalisation. In this article, globalisation is defined as the increasing global interdependence of societies that is being driven by technology. The paradoxical nature of this process is noted: on the one hand, it poses a threat to the very cultural and religious identity of a person, but on the other hand, it creates conditions for a more intense interconnectedness of cultures and religions, and a new stage for the maturity (deepening) of this identity. In this context, the main objectives are being reformulated; these objectives arise out of the necessity to articulate changed modalities of the relationship with the absolute and spiritual movements of new types under conditions of globalisation: making sense of technology, obtaining a new concept of authority, transformation of the relationships between religion and politics, universal ecumenism, rethinking the concept of truth, the search for a universal language, and the revival of a mystical stance.
The aim of the article is to identify the main objectives that arise for religions under conditions of globalisation, as well as the conceptual approach that is necessary for their analysis. The theoretical perspective that has been selected is the concept of "work that has been advanced by soul" that unifies religion and culture. Culture is analysed through the prism of the concepts of social communication and individual personification; meanwhile, religion is approached through the concept of the relationship with the absolute or infinity by highlighting both their mutual autonomy and their overlap. Nowadays, the conditions for both cultural life and religious life are undergoing radical transformations because of the process of globalisation. In this article, globalisation is defined as the increasing global interdependence of societies that is being driven by technology. The paradoxical nature of this process is noted: on the one hand, it poses a threat to the very cultural and religious identity of a person, but on the other hand, it creates conditions for a more intense interconnectedness of cultures and religions, and a new stage for the maturity (deepening) of this identity. In this context, the main objectives are being reformulated; these objectives arise out of the necessity to articulate changed modalities of the relationship with the absolute and spiritual movements of new types under conditions of globalisation: making sense of technology, obtaining a new concept of authority, transformation of the relationships between religion and politics, universal ecumenism, rethinking the concept of truth, the search for a universal language, and the revival of a mystical stance.
The genesis of one of the interwar Lithuanian Catholic society's world-view groups called Romuva adherents is analysed in the article. Three Lithuanian Catholic intellectuals, Stasys Salkauskis, Kazys Pakstas, Juozas Eretas, united into Romuva community which greatly influenced social, cultural and even political life of interwar Lithuanian Catholics. In the article, the factors which influenced the genesis of this world-view group are presented in the context of Western Europe's and Russia's intellectual and spiritual life. The sketches of ideology of Romuva adherents' world-view group are introduced. The genesis and ideology of the group are analysed by using the idea of public Catholicism as the one of two substantive (historically expressed) Catholic traditions.
The genesis of one of the interwar Lithuanian Catholic society's world-view groups called Romuva adherents is analysed in the article. Three Lithuanian Catholic intellectuals, Stasys Salkauskis, Kazys Pakstas, Juozas Eretas, united into Romuva community which greatly influenced social, cultural and even political life of interwar Lithuanian Catholics. In the article, the factors which influenced the genesis of this world-view group are presented in the context of Western Europe's and Russia's intellectual and spiritual life. The sketches of ideology of Romuva adherents' world-view group are introduced. The genesis and ideology of the group are analysed by using the idea of public Catholicism as the one of two substantive (historically expressed) Catholic traditions.
The genesis of one of the interwar Lithuanian Catholic society's world-view groups called Romuva adherents is analysed in the article. Three Lithuanian Catholic intellectuals, Stasys Salkauskis, Kazys Pakstas, Juozas Eretas, united into Romuva community which greatly influenced social, cultural and even political life of interwar Lithuanian Catholics. In the article, the factors which influenced the genesis of this world-view group are presented in the context of Western Europe's and Russia's intellectual and spiritual life. The sketches of ideology of Romuva adherents' world-view group are introduced. The genesis and ideology of the group are analysed by using the idea of public Catholicism as the one of two substantive (historically expressed) Catholic traditions.
The genesis of one of the interwar Lithuanian Catholic society's world-view groups called Romuva adherents is analysed in the article. Three Lithuanian Catholic intellectuals, Stasys Salkauskis, Kazys Pakstas, Juozas Eretas, united into Romuva community which greatly influenced social, cultural and even political life of interwar Lithuanian Catholics. In the article, the factors which influenced the genesis of this world-view group are presented in the context of Western Europe's and Russia's intellectual and spiritual life. The sketches of ideology of Romuva adherents' world-view group are introduced. The genesis and ideology of the group are analysed by using the idea of public Catholicism as the one of two substantive (historically expressed) Catholic traditions.
