With this article, our intention is to contribute towards a better knowledge and analysis of the educational, social and cul-tural problems of descendants of Spanish emigrants in France -at such a crucial time as the present- in which the European Union is growing fast. In the article we examine the evolution of interculturalism and establish a number of connections with the civil society. We emphasize the presence of our (Galician) emigration in the French society and deri-ve possible means of socio-educational intervention, highlighting the value and use of the proposals, which particularly cen-tre their attention on these second generation emigrants.
This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of the choice between wholly owned subsidiary and technology licensing as a strategy for expansion abroad. We use a new and comprehensive database on worldwide plant level investments in the chemical industry during the 1981-1991 period. We find that both cultural distance and the presence of other potential licensors favor the use of licensing as a strategy for expanding abroad, whereas, prior experience favors the choice of wholly owned subsidiary. An implication of this study is that competition in the market for technology can foster the international diffusion of technology through the use of arm's length agreements. ; Financial support from the European Union through the TSER project No. SOE1- CT97-1059 ; Publicado
16th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, August 2000 : A New Time ; In this paper we investigate public and private research and development relationships with respect to their performance. The study utilizes a database of over 250 of these relationships, funded by Spanish government agencies. The methodology includes the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to determine the relative performance ("efficiency") of the various projects.
A study was carried out using Chilean government statistics on interest rates and data from the performance of the Chilean stock market between 1989 and 1997 to evaluate their predictive value in relation to the Chilean gross national product. The best predictive functions for the Chilean national product, in descending order, included: (a) intermediate term interest rates, (b) differential "spread" between short and long term interest rates, and (c) behavior of the stock market. In contrast with the United States, the "spread" contains less information concerning the projected national product than do short, medium and long-term interest rates. To obtain the best projections for stock market performance, the general stock market index (IGPA) needs to be calculated on an 18-month basis, rather than as typically done on a monthly or quarterly basis. In any case, the predictive power of the IGPA is low compared with that of intermediate term interest rates. We found, in contrast to previous studies reported for Chile, that predictions of gross national product based on the stock market were reliable only over the short term (less than one year), while predictions made from the observed behavior of medium-term interest rates spanned a two-year horizon. In particular, the intermediate term interest rate had a greater potential for prediction of economic activity over a six-month period than stock market-based predictions, which were only good over four months. Finally, the models proposed were parsimonious and efficient, and continued to be valid when applied to data outside the present study (post 1997). ; En la búsqueda de predictores eficientes del comportamiento del producto nacional chileno, las variables que contienen mayor información son la tasa de interés de plazo medio, el diferencial entre la tasa de interés de largo plazo y la tasa de interés de corto plazo (el spread) y el mercado accionario, en ese orden. Además, a diferencia del caso de los Estados Unidos, el spread contiene menos información acerca ...
La région est un produit de l'idéologie. S'il faut donner une assise territoriale à sa politique, la région peut être un bon mega-instrument qui révèle la volonté, le savoir et le pouvoir d'un groupe humain déterminé. Longtemps implicite, ce processus met en évidence que la région est un bon révélateur de l'ordre et du sens qui devraient prévaloir dans toute régio-nalisation, quels que soient la clarté et le rythme avec lesquels il se concrétise. L'auteur montre en quoi les écarts peuvent être considérables entre le «dit», le «dénommé» et le «vécu» d'une région, en l'appliquant à l'identification et à la promotion de la Région franco-valdo-genevoise (RFVG). Les perceptions de la dimension historique et de la spatialité sont déterminantes, ainsi que l'étroitesse de leurs interrelations. Les tentatives de regrou-pements territoriaux et les projets de fusion territoriaux sont révélateurs des contradictions entre le politique et l'économique. On peut fusionner des territoires, mais on ne peut pas fusionner la symbolique qu'ils véhiculent ! ; The «region» concept is an ideological product. If anyone's policy needs a terri-torial laying, region may be an appropriate mega-instrument revealing a specifie human group's will, knowledge and power. Implicit for a long time, this process has been point-ing out that region is a good revealer of the order and the meaning that should prevail in any regionalization, whatsoever their clearness and their rhythm. Giving the example of the identification and the pro-motion ofthe Neighbouring France-Vaud-Geneva Region (RFVG), the author is showing how and how wide apart the gaps may be between the actual ways of «saying», «projecting» a region and of «living» in it. The perceptions of the historical and spatial dimensions are determining, and so is the narrowness of their interrelations. The attempts of territorial regroupings and the projects of territorial mergings are clear tell-tale signs of the contradictions between political and economical fields. Merging ter-ritories is possible, but amalgaming their symbolic identities is not ! ; Bringt die «Region» etwas ein, weil sie ein ideologisches Erzeugnis ist ? Wenn man seiner Potitik einen territorialen Bezug geben will, ist die Region vielleicht ein probates Mittel, die Vorhaben, das Wissen und die Macht einer bestimmten menschlichen Gruppe zu erkennen zu lassen. Lange so verstanden, betont dieser Vorgang, dass die Region ein guter Garant von Sinn und Ordnung ist, Faktoren, die bel der Regiona-lisierung iiberwiegen müssen, ebenso wie Klarheit und Gleichmässigkeil bei der Umsetzung. Der Autor zeigt, wie beträchtlich die Schritte zwischen der Namengebung und der Annahme einer Region sind, indem er sie anwendet bei der Kennzeichnung und Förde-rung der Région franco-valdo-genevoise (RFVG). Die Wakmehmung der geschichtli-chen und räumlichen Ausdehnung sind ebenso bestimmend wie die Intensität ihrer Bezichungen. Die Versuche landschaftlicher Zusammenschlüsse und die Plane land-schaftlicher Vereinigungen offenbaren die Gegensätze zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft. Man kann Landschaften zusammenfiïhren, aber nicht die Symbole, die sie vermitteln !
Les économies d'échelle sont un déterminant de la structure d'un secteur. Elles ont une influence sur le nombre d'entreprises présentes, sur le comportement de la concurrence et sur les relations de pouvoir qui prévalent. Elles ont une influence directe et indirecte sur la performance du secteur entier car elles touchent à l'analyse de la concentration sectorielle. Il est nécessaire de les définir d'une manière claire car elles permettent la compréhension de grand nombre de choix politiques et économiques; en mettant en relation deux concepts : la taille et la performance. Expliquer en détail cette relation permet de savoir quelle unité d'analyse choisir lors de l'étude d'un secteur (une activité de l'entreprise ou l'entreprise totale) et d'approcher le critère de la viabilité. L'application de la théorie des économies d'échelle se fera par l'intermédiaire d'une méta-analyse succincte des publications dans le domaine bancaire.
This article proposes an account of individual participation in social movements that combines structural and cultural factors. It aims to explain why certain activists continue to be involved in social movements while others withdraw. When activists remain embedded in social networks relevant for the protest issues and, above all, when they keep a symbolic linkage between their activism and their personal life-spheres, sustained participation is likely to occur. When these two factors become progressively separated from each other and the process of self-interaction by activists loses its strength, disengagement can be expected. The argument is illustrated with life-history interviews of activists who have kept their strong commitment to a major organization of the Swiss solidarity movement, and others that, in contrast, have abandoned their involvement. The findings support the argument that the interplay of the structural positions of actors and the symbolic meanings of mobilization has a strong impact on commitment to social movements and hence on sustained participation or disengagement. In particular, the interviews show the importance of a sense of coherence and of a holistic view of one's personal life for keeping commitment over time. This calls for a view of individual participation in social movements that draws from social phenomenology and symbolic interactionism in order to shed light on the symbolic (subjective) dimensions of participation,yet without neglecting the crucial role played by structural (objective) factors.
Les écoles normales, institutions centralisées de formation des instituteurs et institutrices des régions essentiellement rurales, ont été érigées au 19ème siècle par des gouvernements soucieux d'éduquer les citoyens que la démocratie rendait souverains. L'histoire des Ecoles normales du Valais romand participe à ce mouvement social et politique. Le développement, l'âge d'or et la délitescence de ces instituts de formation suivent assez fidèlement l'évolution de cette société qui, homogène et traditionnelle jusque dans les années 1960, devient alors pluraliste, séculière, soucieuse du bien-être matériel individuel. Les Ecoles normales valaisannes ont tenté de s'ajuster à cette évolution moderne. Mais, définitivement entachées de leur ancienne mission idéologique, leur temps est révolu. Elles disparaissent avec le siècle, en juin 2000. Le monde politique leur préfère désormais une formation professionnelle pointue, ajustée à la complexité contemporaine et dispensée par une école de degré tertiaire, la Haute Ecole Pédagogique du Valais.
Estudio de la legislación de la dote en los Códigos de Estatuto Personal de los países árabes. ; Study of the dowry legislation on the Law of Personal Status in the Arabic countries.
The pilgrimage to Santiago was a route with many religious, cultural, political, social and even linguistis interests. This paper retrieves information about traces left by different ways of life which lasted trought the years in the words, words from the age of pilgrimages, words which have to do with pilgrims. ; El camino de Santiago fue una ruta de múltiples atenciones: religiosas, culturales, políticas, sociales y también lingüísticas. Este artículo recoge información de motivos que iban a dejar muchas formas de vivir fijándose en aquello que pudiera perdurar en la comunicación por medio de palabras, palabras de la época de las migraciones que tienen que ver con las gentes que migraban.
El objetivo de este texto es contribuir a repensar la cuestión del sida y la diversidad sociocultural, teniendo como referencia empírica la etnia indígena Bakairí (Karib), que cuenta con aproximadamente 700 individuos, y que vive en la región de las savanas del norte de Mato Groso, al suroeste del Alto Xingú, Brasil. Estos indios son moradores de la ribera de ríos, pescadores y agricultores, ejerciendo la caza y la recolección de forma complementaria. ; This text asks us to think again about the question of AIDS and sociocultural diversity, using the indigenous Bakairí (Karib) as a reference. The Bakairí consist of approximately 700 individuals living in the savanas of northern Mato Grosso, in the southwest of Alto Xingú, Brazil. These Indians are residents of the riverside, fishermen and farmers, and they practice hunting and gathering. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
El turismo deviene concepto industrial e industrioso al ritmo de la sociedad, que supone su despegue y su forma actualmente conocida. Según el artículo, sin embargo, deberíamos remontar el curso la historia humana para comprender el alcance y verdadera dimensión del concepto. Así, desde una primera observación, que nos permite concebir la aparición del 'turista interior' como un factor fundamental en el proceso de hominización, encontramos el muy temprano maridaje entre el turismo y su constitución como género literario, así como la invocación necesaria del público como elemento narrativo fundamental. Luego, habrá de destacarse el viaje organizado democrático, y el tipo de turistas a tiempo completo. El artículo termina poniendo en relación la doble traición que el turismo adopta en nuestros días, convirtiéndose en un ocio compulsivo hecho a imitación del consumo del tiempo de trabajo, y, por otro lado, la progresiva desaparición del turismo que hasta ahora habíamos conocido en función del nuevo código que impone la sociedad de la información/globalización, y, por tanto, la anulación de las categorías de espacio/tiempo y del concepto de público. ; Tourism has become an industrial concept, in tune with the rhythm of the society that dictates its form. However, according to this article, we should overcome the course of human history and understand the true dimensions of tourism. A first observation, which allows us to conceive of the appearance of the interior tourist as a fundamental factor in the hominization process, shows us the very early union between tourism and its constitution as a literary genre, with the necessary invocation of the public as a fundamental narrative element. Organized democratic trips are highlighted, as well as the concept of the full-time tourist. The article finishes by putting into relationship the double betrayal of modern tourism: as a compulsive leisure that imitates worktime consumption and, on the other hand, as the progressive disappearance of standard tourism due to the new codes that the society of information/globalization imposes, thus anulling categories of space/time and the concept of the public. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
El presente trabajo apunta a revisar el rol de la Antropología como ciencia, frente al fenómeno de la globalización. Se aborda el tema de lo global y lo local: el modelo neoliberal, la problemática de la pobreza a nivel mundial y la redefinición de las políticas sociales en la Argentina, en función de la coyuntura socioeconómica imperante. Ahí, las conceptualizaciones estigmatizantes sobre la "pobreza" y los "pobres" que dichas políticas emplean, no se corresponden con lo que sienten y piensan las personas con respecto a su situación de "pobreza". En este sentido se intenta abrir el debate y la reflexión crítica y conjunta sobre la intromisión de Occidente en el espacio del "otro"; intromisión que deviene en reducción del espacio: espacio que es físico, social y simbólico. ; The present work proposes a revision of the role that Anthropology plays as a science in our era of globalization. The topic of the global and the local is discussed: the neo-liberal model, the problem of poverty in the world, and the redefinition of social politics in Argentina as a function of the prevailing socioeconomic situation. There, the conceptualizations stigmatizing "poverty" and the "impoverished", used by politics, don't fit with the people´s perspective on "poverty". In this sense, we propose to open a debate and a critical reflection on the Western interference into the space of the "other"; interference that becomes reduction of space: a physical, social and symbolic space. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
Na primeira parte deste trabalho, examinou-se a luz de pesquisas,análises e ensaios dedicados aos processos politicos argentino e brasileirorecentes, a literatura dominante de interpretação dos regimes politicos latino-americanos. Postulou- se a existência de diversas correntes interpretativas, que acompanham uma trajetória na qual ambos países sofrem três grandes inflexões - o estabelecimento do regime politico democrático; a profunda transformação de seu modelo de organização econômico-estatal; uma muNa primeira parte deste trabalho, examinou-se a luz de pesquisas, análises e ensaios dedicados aos processos politicos argentino e brasileiro recentes, a literatura dominante de interpretação dos regimes politicos latino-americanos. Postulou- se a existência de diversas correntes interpretativas, que acompanham uma trajetória na qual ambos países sofrem três grandes inflexões - o estabelecimento do regime politico democrático; a profunda transformação de seu modelo de organização econômico-estatal; uma mu- ; The first part of this paper has examined the dominant interpreta. tive literature on the Latin American political regimes - in the light of studies, analyses and essays upon the recent Argentinean and Brazilian political processes. There are several interpretative currents which accompany the route where both countries have suffered three great inflections: the establishment of a democratic political regime; a. profound transformation of the economic organizational state model and a relevant change in the public institutions. So, the validity of the interpretations of the present analytic current was discussed and a possible configuration of a new interpretative current was thought over. Now, in this second part, the author analyses the performance of the democratic institutions with regard to the economic and state changes, presents a brief comparative analysis about developed countries and, at last, outlines some general conclusions - in the light of thediscussion of the features of politics and the democratic institutions in Brazil and Argentina.
There are two competing hyphotesis with regard to market structure and performance. The first hypothesis is structure-conduct-performance paradigm which emphasized on market collusion and the second hypothesis is efficiency hyphotesis which emphasized on market efficiency. Both hypothesis are mutually exclusive. This article conducted test for both hyphotesis with respect to the Indonesian banking industry using pooling data from 16 largest bank for period 1988-1995. The results were suprisingly support the efficiency hyphotesis. It means that government regulation has succesfully fostered banks to enhance their efficiency and then improved their profit. However, readers have to use the finding prudently because there is a few sample limitation.
