Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt einen Überblick über Bildungsgerechtigkeit im Zusammenhang mit der französischen Ganztagsschule. Bildungsgerechtigkeit bedeutet, allen Schülerinnen und Schülern ungeachtet ihres Geschlechts und ihres sozialen, wirtschaftlichen oder kulturellen Hintergrunds dieselben Bildungschancen zu ermöglichen. Die PISA Studien beispielsweise beschäftigen sich schon lange mit diesem Konzept und kommen weder für das österreichische noch für das französische Schulsystem auf ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis. Deswegen stellt sich im österreichischen Kontext oft die Frage, ob die Ganztagsschule ein Weg zu mehr Bildungsgerechtigkeit ist. In Frankreich hat diese seit dem 19. Jahrhundert Tradition und ist aus dem französischen Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Im historischen Teil wird die Geschichte des französischen Bildungssystems im Hinblick auf Gerechtigkeit aufgegriffen. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass immer wieder Maßnahmen für mehr Bildungsgerechtigkeit, wie zum Beispiel die obligatorische Gesamtschule von drei bis 15 Jahren und die prioritären Bildungszonen, aufgegriffen wurden und werden, allerdings mangelt es oft an der Umsetzung und deswegen erfüllen sie ihren vollen Nutzen nicht. Der qualitative Teil wurde mit Interviews durchgeführt und beschäftigt sich mit Akteurinnen und Akteuren, die im Schulsystem berufstätig sind. Es wurde festgestellt, dass einige von ihnen, vor allem die Älteren, einen Zusammenhang zwischen Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Ganztagsschule sehen, dieser jedoch für die Jüngeren nicht gegeben ist. Sie argumentieren dies etwa damit, dass die Pädagogik angepasst werden muss, um mehr Gerechtigkeit herzustellen, denn eine bloße Umsetzung einer Ganztagsschule würde nicht automatisch mehr Bildungsgerechtigkeit bedeuten. Für den österreichischen Kontext bedeutet dies, dass die Ganztagsschule ohne weitere Maßnahmen nicht das gewünschte Ergebnis der Bildungsgerechtigkeit bewirken kann. Jedoch kann sie bei richtiger Umsetzung und zusätzlichen Implikationen sehr wohl zu mehr ...

Think tanks and political leaders have raised concerns about the implications that the Covid-19 response and reconstruction might have on other social objectives that were setting the international agenda before the Covid-19 pandemic. We present evidence for eight consecutive weeks during April–May 2020 for Austria, testing the extent to which Covid-19 concerns substitute other social concerns such as the climate crisis or the protection of vulnerable sectors of the society. We measure behavior in a simple donation task where participants receive €3 that they can distribute between themselves and a list of charitable organizations, which vary between treatments. We consider initially a list of eight charities, including a broad set of social concerns. Results show that introducing the WHO Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund significantly reduces the sum of donations to the original eight charities. This derives from two effects: First, introducing the Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund does not significantly change aggregate donations. Second, results point to a high support to the WHO Covid-19 Fund. Overall, our results indicate that donations to diverse social concerns are partially substituted by donations to the Covid-19 fund; yet, this substitution does not fully replace all other social concerns. Results are robust to a 10-fold increase in endowment, with decisions made over €30. ; Version of record

Pengobatan tradisional adalah salah satu upaya peng­obatan dan perawatan di luar kedokteran dan/atau ilmu keperawatan. Pengobatan secara tradisional mencakup cara dan obat yang digunakan mengacu pada penge­tahuan, pengalaman, dan keterampilan yang diperoleh secara turun-temurun. Keberadaan pengobatan tradisio­nal diatur dalam UU No. 36 tahu 2009 tentang kesehatan, didalamnya dijelaskan mengenai komponen-komponen pengobatan tradisional, dari mulai pengobat tradisional, obat tradisional dan pelayanan pengobatan tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini pertama, untuk mengetahui pandangan hukum Islam mengenai pelaya­nan peng­obatan tradisional, untuk mengetahui ruang lingkup pengobatan tradisional menurut Peraturan Perundang-undangan tentang kesehatan di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung No. 629/Pid.B/2015/Pn.Bdg terhadap hukum pengobatan tradisional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang didukung oleh penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara dengan pelaku mengenai pengobatan tradisional selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pengobatan tradisional banyak yang belum sesuai dengan aturan sebagaimana dalam UU No. 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Pengobatan Tradisional dalam Perspektif hukum diatur dalam Islam baik al-Quran dan Hadist juga sumber hukum lain. Pengobatan Tradisional menurut Peraturan Perundang-undangan tentang Kesehatan di Indonesia terdapat 4 (empat) komponen yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yakni pertama, Political will dari pemerintah, Pengobat tradisional, Obat tradisional dan pelayanan pengobatan tradisional. Pengaruh Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung No. 629/Pid.B/2015/Pn. Bdg terhadap Hukum Pengobatan Tradisional yakni akan memberikan efek jera terhadap pelaku, memberikan kesadaran hukum terhadap masyarakat dan akan memberikan kepastian hukum dalam masyarakat.

The condition of Cintarakyat Village is quite densely populated and still flows by rivers around the village area. People's professions vary from farmers, company employees, entrepreneurs, breeders, teachers, government employees, midwives etc. The other conditions in Cintarakyat Village are based on a survey that we conducted during PkM. The village has natural resources as well as community resources that are still beautiful and managed into various agricultural fields. It is known that people in rural areas are far from being developed. All activities are still simple. Most have not been touched by technological advances. The problem is the village of Cintarakyat whose roads are very dark with minimal lighting. Solar lamps were chosen because they are easy to install, durable and economical. Communities do not have to stretch cables from their homes or the PLN network to turn on the solar lights. In addition, to avoid theft of batteries for solar street lighting, as is the case with solar street lighting that has been previously installed in other areas, the PKM team chose to use solar lamps along with embedded batteries. The public street lighting installed by the PKM team also uses an automatic ignition system while the surroundings are not illuminated by light. The output is a solar powered lamp installed and used so that it can be used. The lamp is able to illuminate dark areas in very dark and minimally lit rice fields. Keywords: Solar lighting installation, Village

Islamic religious education is education that is more directed at improving mental attitudes that are manifested in deeds, both for the needs of oneself and others, both theoretical and practical. This study aims to describe or explain the integration of multicultural education in Islamic religious education (PAI) learning to form a tolerant character at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung with a research focus: 1) What are the forms of integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung? ; 2) How is the implementation of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung?; 3) What is the impact of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education in forming tolerance at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung?. This research method uses a qualitative type with a descriptive approach. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The conclusions of this study are: 1) The form of integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung there are six forms of integrated multicultural values in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung, the six forms of values are inclusive values, humanist values, values of tolerance, values of mutual assistance, democracy and ukhuwah. 2) The implementation of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung is carried out in learning planning, learning implementation, learning evaluation. 3) The impact of multicultural education in Islamic religious learning (PAI) in forming a tolerant character at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung, including: a) Creating a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere; b) School activities run smoothly and have a high tolerance; c) The realization of religious harmony and harmony in diversity; d) Avoiding conflicts and divisions; e) The creation of a culture of mutual respect, respect and ...

This research departs from an idea about the principal's democratic leadership style that can develop the professionalism of PAI teachers at SMAN 30 Garut. However, even though the principal in his leadership applies a democratic leadership style, there are still PAI teachers who are not yet professional in carrying out their duties as learners. This shows that there is a problem in it. The purpose of the study was to find out about the planning, implementation of the concept and assessment policies and the steps taken by the principal, the inhibiting and supporting factors as well as the solutions and follow-up of the principal in implementing a democratic leadership style to develop PAI teachers. The theological foundations are the Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, the philosophical foundations that form the basis of leadership in accordance with theory. The research method used is a qualitative research method. The data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, observations, documentation studies and literature studies. Analysis of the data used in this study using inductive data analysis. From the research, it was concluded that the democratic leadership of the head of SMAN 30 Garut showed a democratic leadership style, (1) Planning by implementing high school curriculum by adopting some of the MA curriculum and creating a school that was in accordance with the declared Vision, Mission and Goals; (2) The implementation is carried out by the principal's efforts to involve and involve all school members (Teachers, Employees and School Committees) to take part in the implementation of school programs in accordance with their respective main tasks and functions; (3) The assessment is carried out by the principal, namely providing control over teacher activities, supervision, seeing teacher preparation and readiness before carrying out the learning process, praise and criticism; (4) Inhibiting factors (teachers, environment, costs, students, learning resources and government policies that do not favor ...

Moderation is vital in education because it can help foster democratic education. Indonesia's educational system should explore including the concept of moderation, particularly in Islamic schools. This research intends to examine how moderation is implemented in an Islamic school. The purpose of this research is to examine the adoption of moderation-based instruction in the teaching of English at Islamic Senior High School. The study's subjects are English instructors and learners of Islamic Senior High School in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The ethnographic research design was used in this study. Observation, interview, note-taking, and documentation were employed to English teachers to explore the implementation of moderation-based instruction in English language teaching. This study found that English teachers always consider a modification in formulating learning indicators and objectives in the moderation-based instruction in teaching English. In formulating the learning indicators and objectives, teachers are always fair, do not take sides with one or a group of students, are adjusted to conditions that are suitable for students and the school environment and facilities, are not excessive, and always stay away from goals that can lead to violence. This study is expected to contribute to professional knowledge about how to adopt moderation in English language instruction in Islamic schools in Indonesia, as well as provide insights for policymakers and help improve the quality of English language instruction at the secondary school level

The evolution of society in recent years has shown the need to transform the education system to adapt it to new requirements. Traditional teaching methods are obsolete and the results obtained with them are increasingly leading to school failure, especially in science subjects. In accordance with legislative changes in Spain, teachers, both as individuals and as representatives of the educational institution, are required to transform and adapt their teaching methodologies towards processes aimed at active student participation. It is necessary an exchange of roles, where the teacher leaves the protagonism in the day to day classroom and gives it to the student, who is the one who leads himself to knowledge. The student, on the other hand, must leave the role of observer and this role must be assumed by the teacher together with the role of guide, counselor or mentor. Project-based learning becomes a very appropriate tool for this role exchange. The present work aims to design a didactic proposal based on Project based Learning combining this methodology with other strategies (Collaborative Learning, manipulative material and use of ICT) which are also very interesting and innovative for today's teaching. The aim of teaching nowadays must be the integral development of students and their adaptation to the society in which they live, through the acquisition of key competences that will enable them to face a successful future. ; La evolución de la sociedad en los últimos años ha evidenciado la necesidad de transformar el sistema educativo para adaptarlo a nuevos requerimientos. Los métodos de enseñanza que se vienen impartiendo de forma tradicional están obsoletos y los resultados que se obtienen con ellos solo llevan cada vez más al fracaso escolar, especialmente en las materias de Ciencias. De acuerdo a los cambios legislativos ocurridos en España, se requiere que el docente, tanto a nivel individual como representando a la institución educativa, se transforme y adapte sus metodologías de enseñanza hacia procesos dirigidos a la participación activa del alumno. Se hace necesario un intercambio de roles, dónde el profesor deje el protagonismo en el día a día del aula y se lo ceda al estudiante para que sea este el que se conduzca a sí mismo hacia el conocimiento. El estudiante por su parte debe dejar el rol de observador y este ser asumido por el docente junto con el papel de guía, orientador o mentor. El Aprendizaje basado en Proyectos se convierte en una herramienta muy adecuada para este intercambio de roles. El presente trabajo pretende diseñar una propuesta didáctica basada en Aprendizaje basado en Proyectos combinando esta metodología con otras estrategias (Aprendizaje Colaborativo, material manipulativo y uso TIC) que resultan también muy interesantes e innovadoras para la enseñanza de hoy día. El fin de la docencia en nuestros días debe ser el desarrollo integral del estudiante y su adaptación a la sociedad en la que vive, mediante la adquisición de competencias clave que le permitan afrontar un futuro con éxito.

The lease contract by its very nature cannot be configured in an indefinite or perpetual manner, as it is intended to satisfy a temporary housing need. In this context, the Law itself allows the lessee to withdraw from the contract in advance, configuring it as an unenforceable right; however, the lessor may be harmed and demand the corresponding compensation for the damages caused. This paper deals with the problem of the tenant's early termination and the economic consequences that may be associated with it. Article 11 of leasing law already sets certain parameters that do not always coincide with the stipulations of the contract. On the contrary, article 9.3 of the same legal text allows the lessor to withdraw from the signed contract in certain circumstances, although it is unquestionable that the legislator is inclined to protect the rights of the lessee as the weaker party to the contract. ; El contrato de arrendamiento por su propia naturaleza no puede estar configurado de manera indefinida o perpetua, pues lo que se pretende es satisfacer una necesidad temporal de vivienda. En este contexto, la propia Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos permite al arrendatario desistir anticipadamente del contrato, configurándolo como un derecho inoponible. No obstante, el arrendador puede verse perjudicado y exigir la correspondiente indemnización por los perjuicios causados. En el presente trabajo se aborda la problemática del desistimiento anticipado del arrendatario y las consecuencias económicas que pueden estar aparejadas a este supuesto. El artículo 11 de la Ley marca ya determinados parámetros que no siempre coinciden con las estipulaciones del contrato. En sentido contrario, el artículo 9.3 del mismo texto legal, permite desistir al arrendador del contrato firmado en determinadas circunstancias, aunque es incuestionable, que el legislador se inclina por tutelar los derechos del arrendatario por considerarse la parte más débil del contrato.

Throughout the last decades, countless efforts have been made to try to improve the results obtained by students in the subject of Physics and Chemistry. These efforts have been focused on various fronts, such as from governments through different laws and by teachers, who do not cease in their eagerness to find a way for the content to penetrate the students. It is true that the contents of the traditional way are still being taught in many centers, but more and more educational centers and teachers are also making a firm commitment to innovative methodologies that reverse the poor results of recent years as shown by the data of the different reports PISA. This master's thesis aims to contribute to this change that is taking place in the classroom by designing a didactic unit based on an active methodology such as cooperative learning to be used in 4th year of ESO in the subject of physics and chemistry, specifically within the "Changes" block. In addition, it is intended to contextualize the contents in the explanations using a STSE approach to show the union between science and the world around us. ; A lo largo de las últimas décadas son innumerables los esfuerzos realizados para tratar de mejorar los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes en la asignatura de Física y Química. Estos esfuerzos se han focalizado desde varios frentes, como por ejemplo desde los gobiernos por medio de diferentes leyes y por parte de los docentes, que no cesan en su afán de encontrar la manera para que los contenidos calen en los estudiantes. Es cierto que aún se siguen impartiendo en muchos centros los contenidos de la forma tradicional, pero también cada vez más centros educativos y docentes hacen una apuesta firme por metodologías innovadoras que reviertan los malos resultados de los últimos años como demuestran los datos de los diferentes informes PISA. Este trabajo fin de máster pretende contribuir a este cambio que se está produciendo en las aulas mediante el diseño de una unidad didáctica basada en una metodología activa como es el aprendizaje cooperativo para ser empleada en 4º de ESO en la asignatura de física y química, concretamente dentro del bloque "Los cambios". Además, se pretende contextualizar los contenidos en las explicaciones mediante un enfoque CTSA para mostrar la unión entre ciencia y el mundo que nos rodea.

This project consists of an intervention proposal consisting of a series of activities planned and sequenced for the first year of high school, that contains didactic tools and adaptable evaluation instruments. They start from the motivation of the students through current auditions, games and group activities focused on the musical elements of flamenco, in order to they get to know and enjoy it from its most heterogeneous facet that blend tradition, fusion and innovation. For it, it uses cooperative methodologies and the entrepreneurship that enable the process of learning to learn, the improvisation and the creation of songs with a great command of ICT. Unlike other projects, this proposal demonstrates the usefulness of the flamenco as content and resource, it takes advantage of its duality to develop the critical thinking and to offer a values education to a heterogeneous student body, in order to develop their cultural, artistic and civic competences. In short, it seeks an integral education get trained in different areas, such as the identization, the respect and value the other, the conflict resolution, promoting democratic and peaceful coexistence in a pluricultural classroom. ; Este proyecto consiste en una propuesta de intervención que consta de una serie de actividades planificadas y secuenciadas para el primer curso de secundaria, que contiene herramientas didácticas e instrumentos de evaluación adaptables. Parten de la motivación del alumnado mediante audiciones actuales, juegos y actividades grupales centradas en los elementos musicales del flamenco, con el fin de que lo conozcan y lo disfruten desde su faceta más heterogénea, que mezcla tradición, fusión e innovación. Para ello, emplea metodologías cooperativas y de emprendimiento que posibilitan el proceso de aprender a aprender, la improvisación y la creación de canciones con un gran dominio de las TIC. A diferencia de otros proyectos, esta propuesta demuestra la utilidad del flamenco como contenido y recurso, aprovecha su dualidad para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y ofrece una educación en valores a un alumnado heterogéneo, con el fin de desarrollar sus competencias culturales, artísticas y cívicas. En definitiva, busca una educación integral que capacite en distintas áreas, como la identización, el respeto y valoración del otro, la resolución de conflictos, para conseguir una convivencia democrática y pacífica en un aula pluricultural.

The African reality knows several facets of social exclusion. One of them are the so-called "street kids" which is presented as one of the most striking social problems in large cities. This reality shows many young people who live on the streets and make it their home and their family nucleus, which causes many of them to fall into begging or crime, thus increasing insecurity and cases of prostitution, drug addiction and exploitation. The weak response of the governments forces other groups and social entities to worry about helping these young people out of misery. In this sense, international organizations have aid programs in which they cooperate with various centers, but very few young people leave the labyrinth of living on the street. This work presents an innovative and comprehensive proposal that can respond to this problem through a social inclusion project that involves all the actors of the Ivorian municipality of Adiake. Based on citizenship and African tradition, the objective is to create a mode of intervention for the young people on the streets of this town to meet and grow up in a family. ; La realidad africana conoce varias facetas de exclusión social. Una de ellas son los llamados "chicos o niños de la calle "que se presenta como uno de los problemas sociales más llamativos en las grandes ciudades. Esta realidad muestra numerosos jóvenes que viven en la calle y hacen de ella su casa y su núcleo familiar, lo que provoca que muchos de ellos caigan en la mendicidad o en la delincuencia, aumentando así la inseguridad y los casos de prostitución, drogadicción y explotación. La débil respuesta de los gobiernos obliga a otros grupos y entidades sociales a preocuparse por socorrer a estos jóvenes de la miseria. En este sentido, organismos internacionales cuentan con programas de ayuda en los que cooperan con diversos centros, pero muy pocos jóvenes salen del laberinto de vivir en la calle. Este trabajo presenta una propuesta innovadora e integral que pueda dar respuesta a este problema a través de un proyecto de inclusión social que involucra a todos los actores del municipio marfileño de Adiake. Basándose en la ciudadanía y en la tradición africana, el objetivo es crear un modo de intervención para que los jóvenes de la calle de esta localidad conozcan y crezcan en una familia.

Ecuador has excellent agroclimatic conditions for cocoa production, but there are also problems in: the production, harvest, and post-harvest links; the lack of investment by financial entities; and high costs throughout the cocoa value chain. This reality causes the impoverishment of cacotera families. Faced with this, through this project we will work to increase the income of cocoa families and contribute to reducing poverty in rural areas, through the generation of genetic material in certified cocoa nurseries, which guarantee its quality for the planting and renewal of aging cocoa plantations; complementing economic resources between various local actors, government, and cooperation for the implementation of the nurseries. For this, it is proposed to carry out the activities of: identifying local actors for the management of nurseries, identifying international cooperation and government actors, implementing the nurseries accompanying and monitoring the entire production process of plant material to be planted in the cocoa farms in the intervention areas of the project. ; El Ecuador reúne excelentes condiciones agroclimáticas para la producción de cacao, pero además se dan problemas en: los eslabones de producción, cosecha y postcosecha; la falta de inversión de las entidades financieras; y altos costos en toda la cadena de valor de cacao. Esta realidad, provoca el empobrecimiento de las familias cacoteras. Frente a ello, a través del presente proyecto se trabajará para incrementar los ingresos en las familias cacaoteras y contribuir a la disminución de la pobreza en las zonas rurales, mediante la generación de material genético en viveros de cacao certificados, que garanticen su calidad para la siembra y renovación de las plantaciones envejecidas de cacao; complementando recursos económicos entre varios actores locales, gobierno, y cooperación para la implementación de los viveros. Para ello, se propone realizar las actividades de: identificar actores locales para la gestión de viveros, identificar actores de cooperación internacional y de gobierno, implementar de los viveros, acompañamiento y seguimiento de todo el proceso de producción de material vegetal para ser sembrado en las fincas cacaoteras en las zonas de intervención del proyecto.

Local development and citizen participation are factors that converge to determine the degree of strengthening of communities and social cohesion. This membership must be promoted and incorporated into municipal public policies, care resources and the community's own involvement, so that the three axes work reciprocally with a common goal: to promote participation and strengthen the exercise of citizenship rights. The transformation of family models, the increase in the population with a greater tendency to aging, the few networks of neighborhood solidarity, accessibility limitations, misinformation or the few spaces for participation promoted at the local level, are emerging scenarios in the face of social changes that are being produced at a global level, which require new proposals for community social intervention adjusted to the explicit and / or latent needs of the population. How I can help? is a proposal for community intervention to promote the cohesion of the municipality of Griñón (Madrid, Spain) from prevention, network coordination of the resources of the territory and the revitalization of people over 60 years of age, in order to encourage their participation social and, with it, promote new scenarios of intergenerational and neighborhood solidarity. ; El desarrollo local y la participación ciudadana son factores que confluyen para determinar el grado de fortalecimiento de las comunidades y la cohesión social. Esta pertenencia debe ser promovida e incorporada en las políticas públicas municipales, los recursos de atención y la propia implicación de la comunidad, de manera que los tres ejes funcionen recíprocamente con un fin común: favorecer la participación y fortalecer el ejercicio de derechos de la ciudadanía. La transformación de los modelos familiares, el aumento de población con mayor tendencia al envejecimiento, las escasas redes de solidaridad vecinal, las limitaciones de accesibilidad, la desinformación o los pocos espacios de participación promovidos en el ámbito local, son escenarios ...

Military systems typically run on isolated networks, which are typically secured at the physical level. In many cases, this leads to neglecting software security and placing unwarranted confidence in the security of these systems. This pilot is intended to demonstrate the above assertion that there is low or no security of command and control applications with Magec military software and the application of a Secure Software Development Lifecycle (S-SDL). This will start with a threat modelling of the application architecture with the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool. It will continue with the project of a code audit of the application with the Fortify SCA tool. And it will end with pen testing of the application with the tools Nessus, Spike and Wireshark, these being for scanning known vulnerabilities and fuzzing tests respectively. ; Habitualmente los sistemas militares se ejecutan en redes aisladas, cuya securización típica es de nivel físico. Esto lleva a olvidar en muchos casos la securización del software depositando una confianza no justificada en la seguridad de estos sistemas. En este piloto se pretende demostrar la afirmación anterior de la poca o nula securización de las aplicaciones de mando y control con el software militar Magec y la aplicación de un Ciclo de vida de desarrollo seguro de software (S-SDL). Para ello, se comenzará con un modelado de amenazas sobre la arquitectura de la aplicación con la herramienta Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool. Se continuará con el proyecto de una auditoría de código de la aplicación con la herramienta Fortify SCA. Y se finalizará con la realización de pruebas de penetración de la aplicación con las herramientas Nessus, Spike y Wireshark, siendo estas para escanear vulnerabilidades conocidas y para realizar pruebas de fuzzing respectivamente.