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This book explores the mechanisms and elements of populism to develop new theoretical and methodological approaches. Much as populism has been researched, it remains a contested notion without coherent definition and methodology and shaped by dimensions such as ideology, communication style, discourse, mobilization, and organization. It has simultaneously mobilized emotions, produced symbols, affected subjectivity and gender relations, and can manifest itself in different ways and appear in hybrid forms, such as in the cases of Silvio Berlusconi, Hugo Chávez, and Donald Trump. International expert contributors explore how such a variety of phenomena can be explained and analyzed, expanding the scope of populism research by proposing a multidimensional and complex understanding of populism. They argue for a greater epistemological differentiation and propose a methodology that integrates different fields of politics. This complex approach makes it possible to analyze populism as a multifaceted phenomenon and to understand how populisms affect politics and society. Aimed at postgraduates and researchers in populism as well as scholars in political science and sociology, media, communication, cultural, gender, and global studies, the volume also contributes to a better understanding of manifestations of right-wing and authoritarian populism in the twenty-first century.

This intellectual history of Standard Swahili explores the long-term, intertwined processes of standard making and community creation in the historical, political, and cultural contexts of East Africa and beyond. Morgan J. Robinson argues that the portability of Standard Swahili has contributed to its wide use not only across the African continent but also around the globe. The book pivots on the question of whether standardized versions of African languages have empowered or oppressed. It is inevitable that the selection and promotion of one version of a language as standard—a move typically associated with missionaries and colonial regimes—negatively affected those whose language was suddenly deemed nonstandard. Before reconciling the consequences of codification, however, Robinson argues that one must seek to understand the process itself. The history of Standard Swahili demonstrates how events, people, and ideas move rapidly and sometimes surprisingly between linguistic, political, social, or temporal categories.Robinson conducted her research in Zanzibar, mainland Tanzania, and the United Kingdom. Organized around periods of conversation, translation, and codification from 1864 to 1964, the book focuses on the intellectual history of Swahili's standardization. The story begins in mid-nineteenth-century Zanzibar, home of missionaries, formerly enslaved students, and a printing press, and concludes on the mainland in the mid-twentieth century, as nationalist movements added Standard Swahili to their anticolonial and nation-building toolkits. This outcome was not predetermined, however, and Robinson offers a new context for the strong emotions that the language continues to evoke in East Africa. The history of Standard Swahili is not one story, but rather the connected stories of multiple communities contributing to the production of knowledge. The book reflects this multiplicity by including the narratives of colonial officials and anticolonial nationalists; East African clerks, students, newspaper editors, editorialists, and their readers; and library patrons, academic linguists, formerly enslaved children, and missionary preachers. The book reconstructs these stories on their own terms and reintegrates them into a new composite that demonstrates the central place of language in the history of East Africa and beyond.

Auf Talcott Parsons' Schultheorie wird zwar immer wieder verwiesen, ihre systematische Aufarbeitung stand jedoch bisher aus. Diese Leerstelle füllt die vorliegende Monographie. Sie bündelt Parsons' allgemeine soziologische Theorie und seine Bildungssoziologie, formuliert Gegenstand und Anspruch von Schultheorie und ordnet Parsons in den Kontext funktionalistischer Schultheorien (Fend, Dreeben, heimlicher Lehrplan) ein. Schließlich skizziert sie eine auf Parsons gründende und mit Blick auf die heutige Schule und die aktuelle Schulforschung weiterentwickelte normativfunktionalistische Schultheorie.

For years, exploration of seabed natural resources has been ongoing while exploitation in deep marine areas remained unrealistic due to land-based mineral availability and costs. However, mounting pressures from the green transition, climate change, and long-lasting fears of terrestrial minerals scarcity now bring exploitation prospects closer to reality.

This is has caused concern to a growing chorus of States, scientists, industries, NGOs, and parts of civil society due to the potential environmental and social impacts of these activities. As a result, the idea of a moratorium or 'precautionary pause' is gaining ground. Yet, an important number of interpretation and implementation issues of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Agreement remain to be answered as a means to move forward in accordance with international law.

This multidisciplinary book, designed to become the essential handbook on the matter, provides a global overview of the national, regional, and international regulatory frameworks applicable to the exploration and exploitation of seabed minerals on the continental shelf and the Area, as well as the related state of the science on the matter.

By presenting historical and geopolitical context crucial to understanding regulation evolution, the book equips readers with foundational legal and policy knowledge. It furthermore addresses contemporary and prospective issues and offers unique insights into regional and national practices, including non-Party States to UNCLOS.

Drawing on interview data collected in three projects exploring domestic abuse in LGB and/or T+ people's intimate relationships, this chapter examines sexual consent in LGB and/or T+ people's abusive relationships through a queer lens. Three themes are considered. First, Catherine Donovan and Marianne Hester's two 'relationship rules' underpinning abusive relationships are applied. These determine that the relationship is for the abusive partner and on their terms; and that the victim/survivor is responsible for everything, including their partner's abusive behaviour. Participants' accounts show how these relationship rules can delegitimate victim/survivors' attempts to exercise consent and conversely legitimate non-consensual sex. Second, Carole Pateman's 'sexual contract' is drawn upon to demonstrate how abusive partners mandate sex whenever and however they wish, while victimised partners feel duty-bound to acquiesce. This, it is argued, reproduces cis-heteronormative sexual scripts based on public stories about love and intimacy and conventionally gendered binaries such as initiator/follower. Third, accounts demonstrating how more experienced LGB and/or T+ partners can exercise experiential power to instil norms about sex and intimacy are analysed. It is concluded that these abusive practices frame the context in which sexual victimisation occurs in LGB and/or T+ people's intimate relationships and inhibit victims/survivors from recognising and naming sexual violence.

Chakshudana or rituals of opening the eyes are practiced across multiple South Asian communities by artists, sculptors and priests. The ritual offers gods access to the mortal world, this practice applied to the study of art offers a distinctive perspective to interrogate the complex engagements with paintings, sculptures, found objects, fragments, built environments, and ecologies.
This volume takes as its focus the process of seeing—to look closely, remaining true to the object, but also to see widely, from multiple subjective stances and diverse bodily engagements from walking to dreaming, from glancing to looking askance, and hypnotic stares, and to see beyond the visible. It examines art history through nuanced considerations of materiality, aesthetics and regional specificities. The essays emerge from current research building on the contributions of Michael W. Meister, W. Norman Brown Distinguished Professor of History of Art and South Asia Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, whose works laid the foundations for the study of South Asian visual and material culture. The essays in this book underscore methodological resonances rather than privileging conventional categories of media or chronology exploring artistic media including temples and paintings, as well as Bengali quilted textiles, manuscript 'lozenges,' and metal repousse.
This volume, part of the Visual Media and Histories Series, will be of interest to students and researchers of history of art, religious studies, history, as well as the allied disciplines of anthropology and folklore studies.

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. The higher education and research system faces a constant dilemma. On the one hand, research and higher education are run by autonomous, interrelated academic communities, often described as collegial governance. On the other hand, they are an instrument for the fulfillment of goals that are often external to the academic community. What, then, is the role of academics and academic knowledge in governance of higher education and research, and how does this reflect on and impact their aims and overall place in society? Fostered through joint workshops and an open dialogue, this double volume of Research in the Sociology of Organizations develops a deeper understanding of collegiality, examining through a unique comparative perspective how it is translated and practiced in different settings across the world. Concentrating on challenges to collegiality and the erosion of faculty governance, this first installment analyzes global waves of reforms, ways in which various kinds of managerial modes of organization and control come to reshape universities, and how this intersects with the evolving missions of universities as institutions. Revealing the globalization, homogenization and variation that have come to characterize the collegiate system, University Collegiality and the Erosion of Faculty Authority critically considers the state of and future of the higher education system, and how we can consciously shape it moving forward.

For years, exploration of seabed natural resources has been ongoing while exploitation in deep marine areas remained unrealistic due to land-based mineral availability and costs. However, mounting pressures from the green transition, climate change, and long-lasting fears of terrestrial minerals scarcity now bring exploitation prospects closer to reality.

This is has caused concern to a growing chorus of States, scientists, industries, NGOs, and parts of civil society due to the potential environmental and social impacts of these activities. As a result, the idea of a moratorium or 'precautionary pause' is gaining ground. Yet, an important number of interpretation and implementation issues of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Agreement remain to be answered as a means to move forward in accordance with international law.

This multidisciplinary book, designed to become the essential handbook on the matter, provides a global overview of the national, regional, and international regulatory frameworks applicable to the exploration and exploitation of seabed minerals on the continental shelf and the Area, as well as the related state of the science on the matter.

By presenting historical and geopolitical context crucial to understanding regulation evolution, the book equips readers with foundational legal and policy knowledge. It furthermore addresses contemporary and prospective issues and offers unique insights into regional and national practices, including non-Party States to UNCLOS.

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Over past decades, scholars and practitioners around the world observed an emergence of professionals, research managers and administrators (RMAs) who play an essential role in the advancement of academic research. RMAs have extensive knowledge of the research ecosystem, including funding opportunities, proposals, budgeting and pricing, ethics, open research, project management, finance, negotiation, strategy, systems, and assessment. Until now, limited efforts have been made to investigate RMAs in a cross-regional, comparative manner, or to understand the recent surge of the profession in a larger policy context. Addressing this gap, an international group of experts share diverse perspectives to provide a comprehensive account of RMA as a profession, offer an analytical framework to understand their role in higher education and academic science. Covering countries in Africa, Australasia, East Asia and India, Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North America, and South America, the work provides trans-cultural coverage of the profession. Drawing on theories from related fields, it also provides insights and understanding of RMAs as a social phenomenon. The Emerald Handbook of Research Management and Administration Around the World is the most comprehensive book about practitioners working in research management and administration. The book provides basic knowledge for students and professionals considering a career in this field, and serves as reference material for policymakers as well as academic researchers. By presenting evidence-based observations from around the world and discussing global trends, this text promotes social awareness of RMAs, shares state-of-the-art knowledge on the profession, and offers insights into the future of academic research.

This Handbook examines the diverse ways in which climate change impacts Indigenous Peoples and local communities and considers their response to these changes.

While there is well-established evidence that the climate of the Earth is changing, the scarcity of instrumental data oftentimes challenges scientists' ability to detect such impacts in remote and marginalized areas of the world or in areas with scarce data. Bridging this gap, this Handbook draws on field research among Indigenous Peoples and local communities distributed across different climatic zones and relying on different livelihood activities, to analyse their reports of and responses to climate change impacts. It includes contributions from a range of authors from different nationalities, disciplinary backgrounds, and positionalities, thus reflecting the diversity of approaches in the field. The Handbook is organised in two parts: Part I examines the diverse ways in which climate change – alone or in interaction with other drivers of environmental change – affects Indigenous Peoples and local communities; Part II examines how Indigenous Peoples and local communities are locally adapting their responses to these impacts. Overall, this book highlights Indigenous and local knowledge systems as an untapped resource which will be vital in deepening our understanding of the effects of climate change.

The Routledge Handbook of Climate Change Impacts on Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities will be an essential reference text for students and scholars of climate change, anthropology, environmental studies, ethnobiology, and Indigenous studies.

"Exploring Ethical Dimensions of Environmental Sustainability and Use of AI is a comprehensive and insightful book that delves into the ethical implications and challenges that emerge at the intersection of environmental sustainability and the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI). With a focus on key ethical dimensions such as transparency, equity, privacy, autonomy, unintended consequences, and trade-offs, this book aims to provide a thorough understanding of the responsible deployment and development of AI in the realm of environmental sustainability.By addressing the ethical aspects and challenges involved, this book contributes to the development of ethical guidelines and frameworks that align AI technologies with the vision of a sustainable and equitable future. Researchers will find immense value in this book as it offers a holistic exploration of the ethical implications, filling a critical gap in the existing literature. Policymakers can gain valuable insights to inform the creation of ethical guidelines and regulations governing AI use in sustainable initiatives. Practitioners, including professionals working in environmental organizations or technology companies, will acquire practical knowledge to guide their decision-making and implementation of AI-driven solutions."--

"As smart cities become more prevalent, the need for explainable AI (XAI) applications has become increasingly important. Advances in Explainable AI Applications for Smart Cities is a co-edited book that showcases the latest research and development in XAI for smart city applications. This book covers a wide range of topics, including medical diagnosis, finance and banking, judicial systems, military training, manufacturing industries, autonomous vehicles, insurance claim management, and cybersecurity solutions. Through its diverse case studies and research, this book provides valuable insights into the importance of XAI in smart city applications.This book is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and scientists working in research laboratories. It provides a comprehensive overview of XAI concepts, advantages over AI, and its applications in smart city development. By showcasing the impact of XAI on various smart city applications, the book enables readers to understand the importance of XAI in creating more sustainable and efficient smart cities. Additionally, the book addresses the open challenges and research issues related to XAI in modern smart cities, providing a roadmap for future research in this field. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the importance of XAI in smart city applications."--

"In the continuously changing field of social sciences, ethical considerations in anthropological studies pose unprecedented challenges. The book Reviving and Re-Writing Ethics in Social Research For Commoning the Community embarks on a transformative journey, moving beyond historical analysis to address pressing contemporary questions about the norms governing anthropological study. Who guards the guardians? What ethical challenges does the modern era pose for anthropological sciences? These are the critical questions explored in this comprehensive exploration of the ethical landscape of social research.As the ethical foundations of social research shift with political, intellectual, and societal changes, there is a pressing need to reassess the purpose of anthropological knowledge and the responsibility of researchers towards the communities they study. The book raises vital concerns about the evolving nature of ethical considerations, challenging traditional notions of ethical research. It highlights the ethical and axiological dilemmas faced by anthropologists in the modern era, emphasizing the need for a more community-centric approach that actively benefits the studied communities."--

"The COVID-19 pandemic functioned as a stark illuminator, exposing the deep-seated cracks in social and material support for those in caregiving roles. Despite the resilience of care workers and essential personnel, the lack of robust connections and infrastructure became apparent, impacting these individuals but resonating across the broader public. The pandemic laid bare the lengths people must go to care for others and the urgent need for interconnectedness and support within caregiving realms.Perspectives on Social and Material Fractures in Care offers a multi-disciplinary exploration of care, drawing on existing theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and personal stories. By navigating the complexities of care at various levels, the book aims to provide a profound understanding of the current state of affairs. Moreover, it does not stop at diagnosis; it seeks to propel the conversation forward by delving into ethical, intersectional, and life-sustaining approaches to enhance the very fabric of caregiving. As we confront the pressing issues surrounding who receives care, who is expected to care, and the seemingly off-limits aspects of societal concern, the book becomes a vital resource for academics, higher education professionals, and students eager to grasp the intricate dynamics of care in the contemporary United States."--