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Written by an international judge, professor and former ambassador with decades of experience in the field, this is an incisive and highly readable book about international law as well as realpolitik in bilateral and multilateral diplomacy in the quest for justice by victims of serious human rights violations amounting to grave crimes of international concern. Focusing on the plight of the ethnic and religious group of persons called the Rohingya', normally residing in Myanmar, as the case study, the book elaborates the complex legal technicalities and impediments in international courts and foreign domestic criminal courts exercising universal jurisdiction' in relation to acts amounting to genocide, crimes against humanity and/or war crimes. It builds on and adds value to existing literature on the international law applicable to the protection of human rights as interpreted by the International Court of Justice as well as that on the international criminal justice meted out by domestic criminal courts, ad hoc international criminal tribunals and the permanent International Criminal Court. The book will be essential reading for students, researchers and academics in public international law, international criminal law, international human rights law as well as government officials and those working for NGOs and international organizations with mandates in these fields.

International migration and mobility, and the concept of self-initiated expatriation (SIE) (SIE as abbreviation is used for self-initiated expatriation as a concept, and for a self-initiated expatriate (SIE) or self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) as individuals) are intensively debated, ranging from research and politics to families and corporate recruiting strategies. Today, previously nonexistent possibilities and contexts enable and advance new processes and patterns of highly skilled mobility, such as self-initiated expatriation. An emerging field of study examines the concept of SIE and boundaryless career building processes from the perspectives of highly skilled people and human resource management. The importance of 'global talents', the demand for skills in globalizing labour markets, and the phenomenon of individualization influence policies at multiple levels and pull highly skilled people in diverse destinations. International opportunities beyond traditional corporate assignments generate various life and career options for these 'talents'. The aim of the chapter is to foster reconceptualization and contextualization of SIE and its cross-dissemination. It provides an overview of the approaches and debates in international migration and mobility research, and focuses on these talents as embedded individuals. The chapter addresses recent theory discussions, such as the 'mobility turn' and the 'big data' in empirical social research, and it synthesizes a theory landscape on SIE research. It incorporates various disciplinary angles, interlinking different lenses, framings and mechanisms to trigger future research. The contribution broadens understanding of SIE concept both empirically and theoretically with particular insights from the Finnish context. ; final draft ; peerReviewed

I would have never imagined that one of the oldest documented people in the world, a people who have a place in the Bible and who persevered through extreme hardship stemming from territorial occupation inflicted by its neighbors and wars throughout documented history – including torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, legal, physical and psychological repression, population exchanges, forced mass exoduses, the forcible transfer of children on a large scale, the disproportionate and unnecessary use of force on the civilian population, psychological warfare, propaganda and indoctrination, and various assimilationist policies, all of which had one common goal – the destruction of the existence of the Macedonian people, Macedonian language and Macedonian history – would be a victim of an arguably unprecedented "cultural genocide" and be denied the right to their identity in the 21st century. The absurdity of the situation is magnified when one realizes that those who are urging Macedonians to give up their name, identity and language are not dictators, but diplomats and politicians representing the very entities that were meant to be the defenders of human rights: the UN and the EU.1 Imagine, in a time of peace and an era of the supremacy of human rights to be denied the universal right of self-determination. The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule). Self-determination is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action. All peoples have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. This concept is a principle of international law which allows the people of a state to determine the sovereignty and political status of that state without outside interference. This paper will consider the destruction of Macedonian identity and culture by means of political blackmail into a conundrum that is most paradoxical for this era that champions human rights as essential to international peace and security, an era in which the right to self-determination is recognized as one of the basic human rights, which is essential to social and economic well-being. Keywords: human rights, self-determination, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Introduction -- Part I Military and criminal aspects -- 1. The War in Ukraine under International Law: Its Use of Force and Armed Conflict Aspects -- 2. Use of Force by Russia and jus ad bellum -- 3. Russia's War of Aggression against Ukraine and the Crime of Aggression -- 4. War in Ukraine and the International Court of Justice: Provisional Measures and the Third-Party Right to Intervene in Proceedings -- Part II Economic aspects -- 5. Economic Sanctions against Russia: Questions of Legality and Legitimacy -- 6. Freezing, Confiscation and Management of the Assets of the Russian Central Bank and the Oligarchs: Legality and Possibility under International Law -- 7. Trade Sanctions against Russia and their WTO Consistency: Focusing on Justification under National Security Exceptions -- 8. WTO Dispute Settlement and Trade Sanctions as Permissible Third-Party Countermeasures under Customary International Law -- 9. War in Ukraine and Implications for International Investment Law -- 10. Conclusions - Reflections on War in Ukraine and International Law.