Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Background
Thousands of children migrate to Europe each year in search of safety and the promise of a better life. Many of them transited through Serbia in 2018. Children journey alone or along with their family members or caregivers. Accompanied migrant children (AMC) and particularly unaccompanied migrant children (UMC) have specific needs and experience difficulties in accessing services. Uncertainty about the journey and daily stressors affect their physical and mental health, making them one of the most vulnerable migrant sub-populations. The aim of the study is to describe the demographic, health profile of UMC and AMC and the social services they accessed to better understand the health and social needs of this vulnerable population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study using routinely collected program data of UMC and AMC receiving medical, mental and social care at the Médecins sans Frontières clinic, in Belgrade, Serbia from January 2018 through January 2019.

Results
There were 3869 children who received medical care (1718 UMC, 2151 AMC). UMC were slightly older, mostly males (99%) from Afghanistan (82%). Skin conditions were the most prevalent among UMC (62%) and AMC (51%). Among the 66 mental health consultations (45 UMC, 21 AMC), most patients were from Afghanistan, with 98% of UMC and 67% of AMC being male. UMC as well as AMC were most likely to present with symptoms of anxiety (22 and 24%). There were 24 UMC (96% males and 88% from Afghanistan) that received social services. They had complex and differing case types. 83% of UMC required assistance with accommodation and 75% with accessing essential needs, food and non-food items. Several required administrative assistance (12.5%) and nearly a third (29%) legal assistance. 38% of beneficiaries needed medical care. Most frequently provided service was referral to a state Centre for social welfare.

Conclusion
Our study shows that unaccompanied and accompanied migrant children have a lot of physical, mental health and social needs. These needs are complex and meeting them in the context of migration is difficult. Services need to better adapt by improving access, flexibility, increasing accommodation capacity and training a qualified workforce.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of motor development of children with visual impairment and comparison with peers of typical development. The research sample consisted of a total of 135 children with visual impairment and children with typical development, 7-10 years old, of both sexes. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition was used to estimate motor development. The methods of descriptive statistics, as well as the T-test of independent samples, and the Hi square test were used in statistical processing of the obtained data. The results of the study had shown that the level of motor development of the subjects with visual impairment was below and well below the average for their age. Typical development subjects are mostly within the average norms

Wahlverhalten, Fragen zum politischen System, zu politischen Einstellungen und Überzeugungen.

Themen: Nationalstolz; Lebenszufriedenheit; Stimmungslage der Menschen in unmittelbarer Umgebung; Entwicklungsrichtung des Landes; Veränderungen nach 1989; antizipierte Zukunft der Gesellschaft; Unterstützung der Änderungen der gegenwärtigen Situation in der Gesellschaft, Meinung zum politischen System; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Veränderung hinsichtlich der führenden Partei und des politischen Systems; Lebensstandard der Familie sowie wirtschaftliche Entwicklung während des Sozialismus; gegenwärtig und in fünf Jahren; Haltung zum Sozialismus, Mehrparteiensystem, Arbeiterselbstverwaltung, Kapitalismus, Einparteiensystem, Privatisierung und Tito; starker Führer; Führung des Landes durch die Armee; wichtigste Entscheidungen der Experten; Republik vs. Monarchie; Erinnerungen an Titos Regentschaft; Abschaffung des Parlaments und Rückkehr zum Einparteiensystem; Macht des serbischen Präsidenten; Verantwortlichkeiten der serbischen Regierung; Vertrauen in Institutionen; Ursachen für die Unsicherheit; Einkommensunterschiede; Verantwortung für die ökonomische Situation; Verhältnis von Lohnhöhe und Arbeitsplatzsicherheit; Finanzierung der medizinischen Versorgung; Parteimitgliedschaft; frühere Parteiidentifikation; gefühlte Nähe zu den Parteien Civic Alliance of Serbia (Vesna Pesic), Democratic Party (Zoran Djindjic), Democratic Party of Serbia (Vojislav Kostunica), United Yugoslav Left (Mirjana Markovic) New Democracy (Dusan Mihajlovic), Socialist Party of Serbia (Slobodan Milosevic), Serbian Radical Party (Vojislav Seselj), Serbian Renewal Movement, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Jozef Kasa), Coalition ´Together´, Coalition SPS-UYL-ND and Coalition ´Vojvodina´, Wahlentscheidung der Familienmitglieder; Wahlentscheidung für die gleiche Partei; Wahlentscheidung in der Bundes- und Landeswahl; Wahlbeteiligung; Zeit für Wahlentscheidung; Kandidatenlisten vs. Parteienliste oder beides; Bedeutung des Parteiführers, Parteimitgliedschaft, Parteiprogramm, Parteiaktivitäten; Akzeptanz kritischer Meinungen anderer bezüglich der unterstützten Partei; Einschätzung der Opposition; Bedeutung des Wahlgewinners; vertrauenswürdigster Politiker; Haltung zu Autoritäten; Rolle von Parteien, Demokratie und Mitbestimmung; Beteiligung der Beschäftigten im Management; Demokratieverständnis; Jugoslawien als eine Föderation aus Serbien und Montenegro; Lösung für Kosovo und Metohija und für den Status der Ungarn in der Vojvodina; größtes soziales Problem im Land; Vergleich der politischen Systeme heute und früher.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand, Schulbildung; Beruf; Beschäftigung; Bildungsniveau des Vaters; Nationalität; Schichtzugehörigkeit; Kirchgangshäufigkeit.

Teaching methods represent the basic, regulatory elements of the teaching process. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different methods in inclusive Serbian schools. The sample consisted of 16 elementary schools attended by pupils with sensory impairments (visual and auditory impairments: N=69). 382 school classes of sixth and seventh grade were systematically observed to register the frequency of method used. Results have shown that the most frequently used method was the monologue (39,7%) followed by the dialogic method (39,2%) while other methods were used far less often (written/graphic presentation (12,3%), working with text (5,8%) and demonstration (2,8%)). The quality of teaching can be significantly lowered if one method is predominantly used in class. Implications for more effective teaching in inclusive schools are discussed, with special regard to pupils with sensory impairments.

Background/Aim. Homelessness is a problem with social, medical, economic, political and other implications. Despite a large number of studies, reports about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of homeless persons remain sparse. There is a summary of consistent evidence that homeless people have higher prevalence of chronic disease (mental and somatic) than general population. The aim of this study was to assess HRQoL and depression in homeless persons in Belgrade, to describe their sociodemographic factors and health status (the presence of chronic mental and somatic diseases and addiction disorders) and analyse impact of sociodemographic factors and health status to HRQoL and depression of homeless persons. Methods. The study was conducted in the Shelter for Adult and Elderly Persons in Belgrade, from January 1 to January 31, 2012. A set of questionnaires used in survey included Serbian translation of SF-36 questionnaire, Serbian translation of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive and analytic methods. Results. Our study sample consisted of 104 adult participants. The majority of them were male (74%) and the mean age in the sample was 48.2 ± 13.0 years. We have found that 35.6% participants had lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorder, most frequently depression (lifetime prevalence of 15.4% in the study group). The history of suicide attempts was registered in 28 (26.9%) participants. Lifetime illicit drugs use was reported by 12.5%, daily smoking by 82.7% and daily alcohol consumption by 8.7% of the participants. Most common somatic chronic diseases were cardiovascular while chronic lung diseases were the second most frequent. Single chronic disease was present in 33 (31.7%) of the participants and comorbidity of 2 chronic diseases was present in 20 of them. A statistically significant difference between participants' HRQoL SF-36 domain scores and norms of general population was found only for role physical domain (lower in homeless, p lt 0.001). ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in SF-36 HRQoL domain and composite scores between different age groups, nor did marital status, education level, length of homelessness, alcohol use or smoking significantly affect the HRQoL. The mean BDI-II score in the studied population was 19.1 ± 11.6. Severe depression was registered in 20.2% of the participants, moderate in 23.1%, mild in 19.2% and minimal in 37.5%. A highly significant negative correlation was verified between BDI-II and all domains and composite scores of SF-36 (p lt 0.001). Conclusion. Measures for prevention of homelessness should include: foundation of national registry of homeless persons, development of systemic multisectorial cooperation and special psychosocial intervention strategies. In homeless population, health care measures should be focused on prevention and treatment of mental health disorders and chronic somatic diseases. ; Uvod/Cilj. Beskućništvo predstavlja problem sa širokim društvenim, zdravstvenim i ostalim implikacijama. Postoje brojni dokazi da beskućnici imaju višu prevalenciju hroničnih (mentalnih i somatskih) oboljenja u odnosu na opštu populaciju. Cilj rada je bio utvrđivanje kvaliteta života (KŽ) i depresivnosti kod beskućnika, socijalnodemografskog i zdravstvenog statusa u ovoj populaciji, te analiza faktora koji utiču na KŽ i depresivnost beskućnika. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Centru za smeštaj odraslih i starih lica u Beogradu tokom januara 2012. godine. Korišćen je komplet upitnika: SF-36 za ispitivanje KŽ, Bekova skala depresije II (BDI-II) i sociodemografski upitnik. Analiza je obavljena metodama deskriptivne i analitičke statistike. Rezultati. Studija je obuhvatila 104 ispitanika. Većinu su činili muškarci (74%), a prosečna starost je iznosila 48,2 ± 13,0 godina. Kod 35,6% ispitanika utvrđena je dijagnoza psihijatrijske bolesti (najčešće depresije). Samoubistvo je pokušalo 28 (26,9%) ispitanika. U uzorku je bilo 82,7% pušača, a najčešće hronične somatske bolesti su bile kardiovaskularne bolesti. Komorbiditet više somatskih bolesti je bio prisutan kod trećine ispitanika. Fizička uloga je jedini domen KŽ koji je bio niži nego u opštoj populaciji (p lt 0,001). Depresija teškog stepena utvrđena je kod 20,2% ispitanika. Negativna korelacija postojala je između skorova BDI-II i svih skorova KŽ (p lt 0,001). Zaključak. Mere za prevenciju beskućništva bi trebalo da uključe formiranje nacionalnog registra beskućnika, razvoj sistemske međusektorske saradnje i primenu specijalnih psihosocijalnih interventnih strategija. Kod beskućnika zdravstveni sistem treba da bude fokusiran na prevenciju i lečenje mentalnih poremećaja i hroničnih somatskih oboljenja.

Resilience is the ability of an individual to successfully adapt to stressful and challenging situations. However, resilience encompasses not only the way we react to a specific stressful situation but also how we cope with accompanying physical, psychological, and social challenges. A resilient person is not immune to failures, losses, and the effects of stress. It is the way a person responds after the initial shock that stands out and distinguishes resilient individuals from others. The aim of this study is to examine differences in resilience and quality of life among early and middle-aged participants, as well as the relationship between these variables. We aim to determine the importance of self-efficacy, perseverance, social support, internal locus of control, and coping and adaptation strategies for preserving the physical and mental health of individuals under the impact of stressful life events.