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During the last two decades of 20 th century, the application of intensive cultivation technologies has helped China to enhance yields and emerge as the world's largest cotton producer. But this approach is being debated now because of the increasing labour costs, that are linked to the rapid ECONOMIC development and urbanisation of the country. A new approach called 'light and simplified cultivation' (LSC) has been initiated to respond to the new context. This approach become more relevant to the small-scale farm- ing systems of China as opposed to the complete mecha- nisation observed in developed countries. The approach of light and simplified cultivation (LSC) aims to reduce la - bour intensiveness. It simplifies cultivation management, diminishes the frequency of field operations, and adjusts techniques that blend with their implementation by ma- chines. Promising techniques have been already obtained, such as single-seed precision sowing, control of vegetative branches without pruning, one-time fertilisation, fertiga- tion, and maturity grouping for unique harvest. LSC tech- nology is believed to provide a solid support for sustaina- ble production of cotton in China and holds tremendous promise for yield-enhancement in the small-scale farming systems in Africa.

This work presents recent research in fluvial geomorphology related to the assessment and characterization of riverine and riparian habitat and the response of biota to changes in their environment. Some papers describe methods for investigating geomorphic habitats, while others compare and contrast active geomorphic processes and human disturbances, and describe restoration methods and mitigation strategies. A conclusion discusses issues involved in integrating an understanding of geomorphology and riverine habitat into landscape- scale environmental management. Material originated at the 1998 fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held in San Francisco. This work lacks a subject index. c. Book News Inc

13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables.-- All data are accessible from http://apps.socib.es/beamon/ (Beach monitoring facility, 2018) and http://thredds.socib.es/thredds/catalog/mooring/waves_recorder/mobims_playadepalma/L1/2014/catalog.html (SOCIB Data centre, 2018) ; The morphodynamic response of a microtidal beach under a storm group is analyzed, and the effects of each individual event are inferred from a numerical model, in situ measurements and video imaging. The combination of these approaches represents a multiplatform tool for beach management, especially during adverse conditions. Here, the morphodynamic response is examined during a period with a group of three storms. The first storm, with moderate conditions (H ∼ 1m during 6 h), eroded the aerial beach and generated a submerged sandbar in the breaking zone. The bar was further directed offshore during the more energetic second event (H = 3.5m and 53 h). The third storm, similar to the first one, hardly affected the beach morphology, which stresses the importance of the beach configuration previous to a storm. The volume of sand mobilized during the storm group is around 17.65mm. During the following months, which are characterized by mild wave conditions, the aerial beach recovered half of the volume of sand that is transported offshore during the storm group (∼ 9.27mm). The analysis of beach evolution shows two different characteristic timescales for the erosion and recovery processes associated with the storm and mild conditions, respectively. In addition, the response depends largely on the previous beach morphological state. The work also stresses the importance of using different tools (video monitoring, modeling, and field campaign) to analyze beach morphodynamics ; Authors acknowledge financial support from MINECO/FEDER through projects MORFINTRA/MUSA (CTM2015-66225-C2-2-P) and CLIMPACT (CGL2014-54246-C2-1-R). Verónica Morales-Márquez is supported by an FPI grant from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of the Spanish government associated with MORFINTRA/MUSA. Daniel Conti is supported by a PhD fellowship (FPI/1543/2013) granted by the Conselleria d'Educació, Cultura i Universitats from the Government of the Balearic Islands co-financed by the European Social Fund ; Peer Reviewed

The present paper aims to highlight the linguistic tools and techniques used in the language of advertisements. The study becomes significant as the language used in the advertisements is purposely and deliberately created. The deliberate use of language makes the advertisements eye-catching and gets the attention of its viewers. This study investigates 75 different Indian TV advertisements and does linguistic analysis at phonological, morphological, and stylistic levels. At these three levels, the study reveals the use of phonological devices; such as rhyme, alliteration, and assonance; morphological devices; code-mixing; the degree of comparison, hybridization, and reduplication; and stylistic devices; antithesis, apostrophe, hyperbole, metaphor, onomatopoeia, and personification. Besides these devices, the study also focuses on graphological and national aspects that play an essential role in the advertising language.

Budgeting in the 1980s seems very different from budgeting in the 1960s. The differences have more to do with economic conditions than with the techniques of budgeting. In the article published below, David C. Mowery and Mark S. Kamlet present their interpretation of how budgeting was transformed during the Johnson administration. The editors of this journal, both of whom have conducted research on the Johnson administration, do not share the point of view expressed in this article, but believe that the readers of Public Budgeting and Finance should be provided a diverse range of viewpoints. The editors invite comment on this article and expect to publish articles presenting different interpretations in subsequent issues of the journal.

Abstract Recent perspectives on domestication have emphasized the importance of technical objects and other environmental elements as mediators of the relations between humans, animals and the many landscapes they inhabit. Using the concept of "architecture of domestication", proposed by Anderson and others (2017), this article investigates the role of alambrados (wire and wooden fences) in the context of animal husbandry in the Brazilian-Uruguayan Pampa, the technical processes involved in their construction, as well as the new configurations and uses for these structures that have emerged along with the biological invasion of European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the region. I will show that the alambrados are key elements in the difference between positive direct action and negative indirect action in relation to the animals of the herd within the Pampeano system of domestication.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Forensic DNA Analysis: A Powerful Investigative Tool -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Developments in Forensic DNA Analysis -- 1.3 Steps in Forensic DNA Analysis -- 1.4 Various Techniques of DNA Profiling -- 1.4.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) -- 1.4.1.1 Advantages of RFLP -- 1.4.1.2 Despite of the Advantages of this Technique, Some of the Demerits Are -- 1.4.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- 1.4.2.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Is Carried Out as Follows -- 1.4.3 Short Tandem Repeats (STR) -- 1.4.4 Low Copy Number (LCN) Analysis -- 1.4.5 Variable Number Tandem Repeat -- 1.4.6 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysis -- 1.4.7 Single-Cell DNA Finger Printing -- 1.4.8 Y-Chromosome Analysis -- 1.4.9 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism -- 1.5 Challenges in Forensic Science for DNA Profiling -- 1.6 Cases Resolved Using Various Techniques of DNA Analysis in Forensic Science -- 1.6.1 Case 1 -- 1.6.2 Case 2 -- 1.6.3 Case 3 -- 1.6.4 Case 4 -- 1.6.5 Case 5 -- 1.6.6 Case 6 -- 1.6.7 Case 7 -- 1.6.8 Case 8 -- 1.6.9 Case 9 -- 1.7 Applications of DNA Analysis in Forensic Science -- 1.8 Nanotechnology in DNA Analysis -- 1.9 Future Advancements of Nanotechnology in the Field of Forensic Science -- 1.10 Collection of DNA Samples and Issues Related to Sampling -- 1.11 Methods of Sample Collection -- 1.12 Issues Related to Sampling -- 1.13 Forensic Examination Levels -- 1.14 Analysis of Non-human Species Via DNA Profiling -- 1.15 Future of Forensic DNA Analysis -- 1.16 Summary -- References -- 2: Death Acre: Tales of Dead Body Land -- 2.1 Purpose of the Work on the Crime Scene [1, 2] -- 2.2 The Processing Methodology at the Crime Scene -- 2.2.1 Stages of Work at the Crime Scene -- 2.2.1.1 Evaluation -- 2.2.1.2 Observation -- 2.2.1.3 Documentation.

The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) has influenced a generation of policy scholars with its emphasis on causal drivers, testable hypotheses, and falsification. Until recently, the role of policy narratives has been largely neglected in ACF literature partially because much of that work has operated outside of traditional social science principles, such as falsification. Yet emerging literature under the rubric of Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) demonstrates how the role of policy narratives in policy processes is studied using the same rigorous social science standards initially set forth by Paul A. Sabatier. The NPF identifies theories specifying narrative elements and strategies that are likely useful to ACF researchers as classes of variables that have yet to be integrated. Examining this proposition, we provide seven hypotheses related to critical ACF concepts including advocacy coalitions and policy beliefs, policy learning, public opinion, and strategy. Our goal is to stay within the scientific, theoretical, and methodological tradition of the ACF and show how NPF's empirical, hypotheses, and causal driven work on policy narratives identifies theories applicable to ACF research while also offering an independent framework capable of explaining the policy process through the power of policy narratives. In doing so, we believe both ACF and NPF scholarship can contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the policy process.

CHAPTER 30 OF THE AUTHORS' LABRYNTHS OF DEMOCRACY IS DEAWN UPON. THREE TYPES OF CITIES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY METROPOLITAN REGION ARE INVESTIGATED TO LEARN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEIR 'ECO-POLICY ENVIRONMENT' AND THEIR POLITICAL CONDITIONS: (1) LESS URBAN LESS DEVELOPED, (2) MORE URBAN, LESS DEVELOPED, AND (3) MORE URBAN, MORE DEVELOPED.

This book analyses local school district governance in a comparative, cross-cultural perspective based on national studies of local school boards in the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The overarching research question explored by the national studies contained in this volume is: How are transnational influences of standardization and accountability, alongside national policies, transformed into local policy cultures by the school boards? In all the Nordic countries, the municipalities are equivalent with the school district level, and municipalities, as such, play a role as the interface between state policies and the schools. This book discusses the variation across different national systems in the Nordic countries in the degree of decentralism, as well as the processes through which sources of political autonomy are put into practice by school boards. It explores the interplay between context and policy-making at the local level, and analyses how local discourses expressed by school boards differ from national policies and trans-national influences. The book's analysis of the country-cases and thematic chapters shows that there are both important similarities and significant differences in governance functions, power relations and understandings of school board chairs and members between the countries studied. Moreover, the book analyses the many ways in which these similarities and differences affect the work context of school leaders and teachers in the Nordic countries.

Tax relief policies and tax advantages for the relocation of companies are a constant throughout the world as a way of promoting economic development in disadvantaged territories. In the case of Argentina, they were channeled through a regional industrial promotion regime that granted subsidies to relocate companies in economically depressed provinces. This article shows how the government of a province characterized as patrimonialist, San Luis, transformed its productive structure in a period of 10 years (1982-1992), by locating a vast of industries in its territory. Using the process tracing technique and a series of in-depth interviews, it is argued that the government informally delegated bureaucratic competences to a non-institutionalized agent in order to perform tasks that the state apparatus did not have the capacity to carry out and, in this way, promote the arrival of investments in its territory. ; Las políticas de desgravaciones y ventajas impositivas para la relocalización de empresas son una constante en todo el mundo como una forma de promover el desarrollo económico en territorios desfavorecidos. En el caso de Argentina se canalizaron mediante un régimen de promoción industrial regional que otorgó subsidios para relocalizar empresas en provincias económicamente deprimidas. Este artículo muestra cómo el gobierno de una provincia caracterizada como patrimonialista, San Luis, transformó su estructura productiva en un plazo de 10 años (1982-1992), al radicar una cantidad ingente de industrias en su territorio. Mediante la técnica de process tracing y una serie de entrevistas en profundidad se argumenta que el gobierno realizó una delegación informal de competencias burocráticas a un agente no institucionalizado, con la finalidad de que realice tareas que el aparato estatal no tenía capacidad de llevar a cabo y, de esa manera, promover la llegada de las inversiones a su territorio.