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Cyberwarfare, like the seismic shift of policy with nuclear warfare, is modifying warfare into non-war warfare. A few distinctive characteristics of cyberwar emerge. Cyberwarfare has blurred the distinction between adversary and ally. Cyber probes continuously occur between allies and enemies alike, causing cyberespionage to merge with warfare. Espionage, as old as war itself, has technologically merged with acts of cyberwar as states threaten each other with prepositioned malware in each other's cyberespionage probed infrastructure. These two cyber shifts to warfare are agreed upon and followed by the US, Russia and China. What is not agreed upon in this shifting era of warfare are the policies upon which cyberwarfare is based. This book charts the policies in three key actors and navigates the futures of policy on an international stage. Essential reading for students of war studies and security professionals alike.

This article focuses on the so-called "military websites" in Chinese cyberspace to examine the complexity of contemporary Chinese nationalism. By pointing out the fact that the majority of members of military websites are well educated and well informed, yet nationalistic and anti-Western, the author argues that the key factor in shaping their nationalist thinking is the formation of a new interest-driven game-playing paradigm in the past two decades which the Chinese use to interpret national policies and international relations today. Ironically, much of the new interpretative framework has been borrowed from Western concepts and ideas, including Comprehensive National Power, National Interests, and Rules of the Game. Equipped with this new paradigm to interpret the received information and look at the world, the more informed Chinese are the more nationalist they may be, as demonstrated by the responses to the plane bugging incident by Chinese net surfers. (J Contemp China/DÜI)

This book explores the theoretical foundations and applications of military operational logistics (OpLog). OpLog theory has two facets: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative facet is imbedded in the theory of operational level of war or operational art. It includes principles, imperatives and tenets, which are stated and analyzed in the first few chapters. The quantitative facet relates to the scientific aspects of OpLog. It is manifested by formal network models representing structural and operational features of an OpLog system. The book examines the two facets and integrates them into a unified presentation. Important OpLog applications a re described and discussed. Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to military logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the general struc ture and characteristics of logistics and describes its three levels - strategic, operational and tactical. Chapter 3 describes the foundation of OpLog. Chapter 4 deals with OpLog planning. Chapter 5 addresses the issue of logistic information, and Chapter 6 deals with forecasting logistic demands. Chapters 7 and 8 are new additions to this second edition. They address logistics aspects of two contemporary operational topics - insurgencies and humanitarian assistance. Chapter 9 describes the first version of the logistic network model. Chapter 10 addresses an important OpLog characteristic - Flexibility. Chapter 11 discusses two major challenges in OpLog practice: force accumulation, and medical treatment and evacuation. Chapter 12 presents an inter-temporal network optimization model designed to determine deployment and employment of the OpLog support chain during military operations.

"The Russia Scare assesses the scope, character and extent of Russian interference in the affairs of liberal democratic states. This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms does this alleged meddling take, what are the instruments used, how effective are the deployed tools, and who are the allies with which Russia works in these endeavours? Above all, what impact does this work have on target societies? The book also explores why Russia engages in such activities, what the probable chain of command is (if any), and the role of the Russian leadership in all of this, as well as investigating the response of Western societies and governments. The author sifts the real from the imagined, which can only be achieved by establishing the larger historical context. He scrutinises the fundamental question: is Russia really engaged in a sustained 'hybrid warfare' campaign to sow discord and undermine Western democracies? If so, what are the strategic purposes underlying such activity? Various hypotheses are analysed, notably that Russian post-Cold War activity is nothing exceptional in the context of great power confrontation; that all great powers are engaged in one way or another in such actions, and thus contextualisation is important; and that Russia's subversive activity has been greatly exaggerated, and very often entirely misrepresented. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and politicians of international relations, comparative politics, security and defence studies, global governance and Russian politics, as well as political advisers, NGOs, diplomats and journalists"--

"This book is structured into sections that look at some of the challenges related to coalition operations in different types of networks, such as communications and information networks and human and cognitive networks, and looks at other issues that impact the operations of coalitions, the management and use of policies across different organizations"--Provided by publisher

This book explores the theoretical foundations and applications of military operational logistics (OpLog). OpLog theory has two facets: qualitative and quantitative.The qualitative facet is imbedded in the theory of operational level of war or operational art. It includes principles, imperatives and tenets, which are stated and analyzed in the first few chapters. The quantitative facet relates to the scientific aspects of OpLog. It is manifested by formal network models representing structural and operational features of an OpLog system. The book examines the two facets and integrates them into a unified presentation. Important OpLog applications a re described and discussed.Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to military logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the px;font-family: monospace;'>general structure and characteristics of logistics and describes its three levels - strategic, operational and tactical. Chapter 3 describes the foundation of OpLog. Chapter 4 deals with OpLog planning. Chapter 5 addresses the issue of logistic information, and Chapter 6 deals with forecasting logistic demands. Chapters 7 and 8 are new additions to this second edition. They address logistics aspects of two contemporary operational topics - insurgencies and humanitarian assistance.Chapter 9 describes the first version of the logistic network model. Chapter 10 addresses an important OpLog characteristic - Flexibility. Chapter 11 discusses two major challenges in OpLog practice: force accumulation, 4419px; font-family: monospace;'>and medical treatment and evacuation. Chapter 12 presents an inter-temporal network optimization model designed to determine deployment and employment of 3333px;font-family: monospace;'>the OpLog support chain during military operations. Moshe Kress is Professor of Operations Research at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), where he teaches and conducts research in combat modeling and related areas. His current research interests are operations research application in military and defense intelligence, counter-insurgency modeling, homeland security problems, and military logistics. His research has been sponsored by DARPA, ONR, USSOCOM, JIEDDO, USMC and TRADOC. He is the Military and Homeland Security Editor of the OR flagship journal Operations Research. He published four books (one of which has been translated to Hebrew and Korean and another to Chinese) and over 75 papers in refereed journals. Dr. Kress has been twice awarded the Koopman Prize for military operations research (2005 and 2009) and the 2009 MOR Journal Award. Prior to joining NPS, Dr. Kress was a senior analyst at the Center for Military Analyses in Israel. He has been a Visiting Professor at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, since 2007.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Entering the Cyber Commons -- Problem -- Research Question -- Interdependence and Power -- Method Development -- Cyber Application and Case Studies -- Summary -- 2. Interdependence -- Why Use Interdependence Theory? -- Interdependent Characteristics of the Virtual State -- Defining Interdependent Cyberspace -- Cyber Operations -- Summary -- 3. Power -- Types of Power -- Power Application -- Power through Economic Cyber Influences -- Summary -- 4. Method Development -- Method Types -- Describing the Data Sources -- Categorizing Cyber Events -- Case Study Guideline -- Summary -- 5. Cyber Applications -- Application in Practice -- Deciphering the Data -- Evaluating the First Four Hypotheses -- Summary -- 6. Case Study Analysis -- Deciphering Events through Narrative Linkages -- Japanese Government Case: Economic Espionage -- Ukrainian Power Grid Case: Economic Cyberattack -- Codan Case: Intellectual Property Theft -- Evaluating the Economic Hypotheses -- Summary -- 7. Framing Future Channels -- Linking Hypotheses to the Research Question -- Future Applications -- Final Thoughts -- Appendix -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Mark T. Peters II

Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Information Sharing in Military and Security Operations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Information Sharing with Whom? -- Why Is Information Sharing Among Partners Beneficial, Even Though It May Be Hard to Do? -- Acting like an Oyster: Why is Information Sharing Among Partners Problematic? -- The Dynamics of Non-sharing and Non-receiving -- Conclusions and Organization of this Volume -- References -- 2 Information Fusion: Intelligence Centers and Intelligence Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Defining Information Fusion -- Origins of the Concept -- Civilian Policing and Security -- Civilian Fusion Centers -- Criticisms of Civilian Fusion Centers -- Models of Information Fusion -- The Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Process Model -- Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) Loop -- C-OODA -- Military Information Fusion Centers -- The NATO Intelligence Fusion Centre -- The U.S. Joint Analysis Center (JAC) -- Joint Intelligence Centers (JICs) -- Air Force Joint Battlespace Info-Sphere -- Criticism of U.S. Military's Fusion Centers -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Oh, Didn't Anyone Tell You? The Importance of Intra-Organizational Information Sharing -- Abstract -- Organizational Justice and the Role of Informational Justice -- Informational Justice -- This Study -- Procedure -- Sample -- Measures -- Descriptive Results -- Descriptive Analyses of Demographic Variables -- Correlational Analyses -- Mediational Analyses -- Discussion -- References -- 4 Information Sharing in Contemporary Operations: The Strength of SOF Ties -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Organizational Effectiveness in Multinational HQs -- Special Forces and Conventional Forces in Operations -- Case Study: SOF HQs in Kabul -- Main Barriers to Information Sharing -- Conclusion: A Delicate Chemistry -- References

In 2011, Nasser Al-Awlaki, a terrorist on the US 'kill list' in Yemen, was targeted by the CIA. A week later, a military strike killed his son. The following year, the US Ambassador to Pakistan resigned, undermined by CIA-conducted drone strikes of which he had no knowledge or control. The demands of the new, borderless 'gray area' conflict have cast civilians and military into unaccustomed roles with inadequate legal underpinning. As the Department of Homeland Security defends against cyber threats and civilian contractors work in paramilitary roles abroad, the legal boundaries of war demand to be outlined. In this book, former Under Secretary of the Air Force Antonia Chayes examines these new 'gray areas' in counterinsurgency, counter-terrorism and cyber warfare. Her innovative solutions for role definition and transparency will establish new guidelines in a rapidly evolving military-legal environment