Suchergebnisse

Rezultati kvantitativnih i bibliometrijskih istraživanja, kao i odluke koje na temelju tih rezultata mogu proizaći i utjecati na određene politike, uvelike ovise o kvaliteti ulaznih podataka preuzetih iz bibliografskih i citatnih baza. Ova je tvrdnja izravno povezana s velikim brojem bibliometrijskih i scientometrijskih istraživanja koja nekritički preuzimaju podatke iz bibliografskih i citatnih baza WoS – Web of Science ili Scopus. U ovome istraživanju, koje je rađeno u okviru hrvatskoga nacionalnog projekta Research activity, collaboration and orientation in social sciences in Croatia and other post-socialist European countries – RACOSS, voditeljice dr. sc. Maje Jokić, analizirana je uloga klasifikacijskoga sustava kod preuzimanja i obrade podataka, odnosno donošenja zaključaka. Preuzeti bibliografski zapisi, objavljeni u 4 896 časopisa, rezultat su strategije pretraživanja znanstvene produktivnosti i citiranosti znanstvenika iz društvenih znanosti u 15 europskih postsocijalističkih zemlja (Bugarska, Hrvatska, Češka, Estonija, Mađarska, Latvija, Litva, Poljska, Rumunjska, Slovačka, Slovenija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Sjeverna Makedonija, Crna Gora i Srbija) od 1996. do 2013. godine. Scopus svoju klasifikaciju znanosti temelji na predmetnoj i sadržajnoj orijentaciji indeksiranih časopisa. Različitost klasifikacijskoga sustava koji koristi Scopusovu klasifikaciju određene zemlje može dovesti do krive interpretacije na temelju prikupljenih podataka. U radu smo napravili analizu časopisa i radova, a usporedna analiza pripadnosti pojedinoga časopisa području društvenih znanosti rađena je na temelju Scopusa i hrvatske klasifikacije društvenih znanosti, koja se temelji na OECD Frascati fields of science. Nakon što su predmetni stručnjaci provjerili časopise i usporedili ih s klasifikacijskim sustavom koji se koristi u Hrvatskoj, početni uzorak za pouzdane bibliometrijske analize smanjio se na udio od 44 %. Pripadnost pojedinomu području rađena je na temelju predmetne i sadržajne orijentacije indeksiranih časopisa. Da bi se dobili radovi koji pripadaju samo društvenim znanostima, potrebno je, osim filtriranja pojedinih znanstvenih polja, i ručno provjeriti pripadnost časopisa određenomu području. Tako se, osim bitno manjega broja radova i časopisa, pojavila i bitna razlika i u citiranosti. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja upozoriti istraživače na moguće i stvarne nedostatke ulaznih podataka koji se koriste za vrjednovanje na primjeru uzorka baze Scopus, koja je relativno pouzdan izvor podataka za bibliometrijska istraživanja. ; Results of quantitative and bibliometric research, as well as decisions that might be made on the basis of those results and influence on certain policies, greatly depend on the quality of input data downloaded from bibliometric and citation databases. This assertion is directly connected to a high number of bibliometric and scientometric research that uncritically download data from bibliographic and citation databases, WoS – Web of Science or Scopus. This research, which has been conducted in the framework of the Croatian national project Research activity, collaboration and orientation in social sciences in Croatia and other post-socialist European countries – RACOSS, lead by Maja Jokic, PhD, analyzes the role of the classification system in downloading and processing data, i.e. making conclusions. Bibliographic records, downloaded in the period from 1996 to 2013, published in 4896 journals, represent the result of strategy on searching the scientific productivity and citation index of social scientists from 15 European post-socialist countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). Classification of science by Scopus is based on the subject and content orientation of indexed journals. Diversity of classification system that uses the Scopus classification of a certain country can cause wrong interpretation on the basis of collected data. In this paper we made the analysis of journals and papers, and contrastive analysis of a certain journal affiliation to the field of social sciences was made on the basis of Scopus and Croatian classification of social sciences based on OECD Frascati fields of science. After the experts in this area had checked the journals and compared them to the classification system used in Croatia, the initial sample for reliable bibliometric analyses decreased to the portion of 44%. Affiliation to a certain field was made on the basis of the subject and content orientation of the indexed journals. Besides filtration of scientific fields, it is necessary to check the affiliation of a journal to the certain field by hand in order to get papers that belong only to social sciences. In this way there appeared a significant difference in the citation index additionally to lower number of papers and journals. The aim of this research is to warn researchers to possible and real deficiencies of input data used for evaluation on the example of the Scopus database, which is relatively reliable source of data for bibliometric research.

Kao povijesno-kulturne ustanove, arhivi prikupljaju, obrađuju i daju na korištenje različite kategorije podataka sadržanih u arhivskom gradivu, vodeći se pritom domaćim i međunarodnim stručnim standardima, pravnom regulativom i dobrom praksom. Jedna od znatnije zastupljenih kategorija su osobni podatci građana, o kojima se u recentnoj stručnoj literaturi najviše pisalo s aspekta njihove dostupnosti, tj. uvjeta i načina korištenja. U ovom članku analiziraju se i naglašavaju neki praktični i etički aspekti u vezi s opisivanjem arhivskih fondova i zbirki koji sadrže takve podatke, posebno u kontekstu primjene Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). Daje se i pregled preporuka koje je u listopadu 2018. izradila Europska arhivska grupa (European Archives Group, EAG) kao pomoć europskoj arhivskoj službi u implementaciji te Uredbe. Time se nastoji dati poticaj za daljnju znanstvenu i stručnu obradu te teme, posebno u vidu izrade odgovarajućega nacionalnoga priručnika za opis arhivskoga gradiva koje sadrži osobne podatke i druge kategorije ograničeno dostupnih podataka u kojem bi primjena normi i važećih propisa bila ilustrirana odgovarajućim praktičnim primjerima. ; In order to present archival records they store and facilitate their usage archives produce various types of finding aids. Previously these finding aids were accessible in Croatian archives in archival reading rooms in printed form, whereas in recent times they have become more accessible in digital form on websites of archives or on network information systems. In this way the descriptions of archival records become publicly available to a large number of users, without geographical or time constraints, by which archives mostly do not possess tools or resources to monitor the manner users further dispose of that descriptive data. This further reinforces the practical and ethical issues regarding the formation of archival description in a way that it provides the whole information on records' contents and the context of their creation, without hiding (omitting) and at the same time does not reveal data responsible for the possible limited availability of records. For the last twenty years Croatia has been applying ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF), the international archival standards for describing archival records. Despite that, there are departures in practice and misgivings regarding the interpretation of contents and the role of individual descriptive elements, as well as the structure of finding aids. Such departures are also expected in the segment that describes personal data, bearing in mind that both ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF) contain general rules without particular guidelines for the description of archival records containing data with limited availability. Misgivings in practice can result in a passive approach in processing and describing personal data which can, for example, manifest by producing finding aids only for internal needs (without making them available to users), ignoring or (un)intentionally withholding information on the existence of personal data in archival records and terms of their availability. Since 2018 Croatia has been applying two new provisions that are important in the context of the processing and description of personal data in archival records. They are the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Act on Archival Records and Archives. The paper describes in detail and compares some of the principles from these two provisions and analyses their influence on the current practice of description of personal data in archival records (defining personal data, processing the data of deceased individuals, the principle of reducing the quantity of data, encouraging the acquirement of data that is important for raising awareness of totalitarian and undemocratic regimes and their consequences). With regard to the very broad definition of personal data archivists always face the question whether the data they will supply in the title or the description of archival units can cause the direct or indirect identification of an individual i.e. the particular issue of endangering someone's privacy, dignity and other rights. Furthermore, bearing in mind that the Regulation and the Croatian archival act do not impose any limitations regarding the processing of deceased individuals' data, it can be concluded that there are no formal impediments either for archival description or publishing such data. However, the question remains, regardless of the fact it concerns the data of deceased individuals, whether the ethical principle that archivists abstain from overly exposing data should be upheld, particularly if it concerns sensitive data which can influence the violation of dignity of family members of those individuals. The basic principles of the Regulation include the principle of reducing the quantity of data. It entails that personal data must be appropriate, relevant and limited to necessities in relation to purposes for which they are processed. The application of this principle is particularly important in the context of creating and enhancing the trust between the archives and the public. In other words, this approach conveys the message to the public that they can trust the archival service not to unjustifiably or excessively reveal and publish personal data. Within the context of processing data which is important for enhancing the awareness on the totalitarian and undemocratic regimes and their consequences there is a practical and ethical question on how to maintain the neutral position of archivists and archives as institutions in terms of providing objective description, without the endeavour to interpret on the political or ideological level. Concerning the indicated practical and ethical issues, the application of the guidelines created in October 2018 by the European Archives Group as assistance in implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation is recommended. The guidelines are connected with the Principles of Access to Archives by the International Council on Archives from 2012. This demonstrates that even before the General Data Protection Regulation was adopted the archival community paid considerable attention to ethical issues and standards of good professional practice regarding protection, processing and description of personal data in archival records. However, within the context of the new legislation the paper's intention is to encourage further scientific and professional addressing of this topic within the Croatian archival community, including producing a guide regarding all aspects of managing personal data in archival records. Besides, the prevailing view is that there is a need for producing a special manual for the description of archival records which contain personal data and other categories of data with limited access, in which the application of standards and current provisions would be illustrated with appropriate practical examples.

The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.

The concept of new information technologies of modifications & processing information is taking on new proportions. The new possibilities in data processing have had far-reaching consequences. Relations in certain human activities as well as in the society on the whole have been changing. Today it would be possible to ensure such an interaction in which an individual & a group have equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of communal life. The pronounced political illusionism has created a wider gap between the real & the virtual. The information-based production requires greater interaction than in the previous, industrial era. Adapted from the source document.

Due to their professional selectiveness & standardized processing, commercial databases are a valuable source of scientific information. This paper describes the rationale behind their emergence & evolution in the sense of technological & content changes that the online databases have gone through in their 40-year existence. On today's market, there are hosts that offer a plethora of databases. In the Croatian academic community, access is provided via NSK & CARNet. The article lists the examples of surfing on major online databases available in the Web form (EMERALD, CSA, & EBSCO) as the relevant electronic sources of information from the field of social sciences/humanities. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.

Due to their professional selectiveness & standardized processing, commercial databases are a valuable source of scientific information. This paper describes the rationale behind their emergence & evolution in the sense of technological & content changes that the online databases have gone through in their 40-year existence. On today's market, there are hosts that offer a plethora of databases. In the Croatian academic community, access is provided via NSK & CARNet. The article lists the examples of surfing on major online databases available in the Web form (EMERALD, CSA, & EBSCO) as the relevant electronic sources of information from the field of social sciences/humanities. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.

U radu se analizira veza između dohodovnih nejednakosti i redistributivnih preferencija. Glavni su ciljevi rada: utvrditi u kojoj su mjeri stvarne dohodovne nejednakosti povezane s redistributivnim preferencijama, koji su korelati redistributivnih preferencija na makrorazini te koje mehanizme redistribucije preferiraju građani u zemljama EU-a. Kao izvori podataka o redistributivnim preferencijama korišteni su agregirani podaci iz dvaju specijalnih istraživanja Eurobarometra (2010. i 2018.), dok su makrostatistički pokazatelji uzeti iz Eurostatove baze podataka. U radu su korištene bivarijatne korelacijske analize, linearna regresija i klaster analiza. Opći je nalaz da su visoke redistributivne preferencije prisutne u gotovo svim zemljama EU-a. Izgleda da rast dohodovnih nejednakosti nije ključni čimbenik visoke razine redistributivnih preferencija, već je to percepcija dohodovnih nejednakosti i osjetljivost građana na ekonomske nejednakosti. Građani u zemljama EU-a često pogrešno percipiraju razinu nejednakosti u društvu i svoje mjesto na dohodovnoj ljestvici. Ispitanici iz postsocijalističkih zemalja imaju veću »averziju« prema dohodovnim nejednakostima i žele veću ulogu države u redistribuciji i društvenom životu. Stanovnici EU-a podržavaju sve ključne mehanizme dohodovne redistribucije (porezi, obrazovanje, socijalna zaštita i minimalna plaća), ali najveću potporu daju poreznom sustavu i progresivnom oporezivanju bogatijih, dok je najviše dilema vezano za potpuno besplatno obrazovanje. ; The paper analyses the relationship between income inequalities and redistributive preferences. The objectives have been: determine to which degree income inequalities are associated with redistributive preferences, which are the correlates of redistributive preferences on the macro level and which mechanisms of redistribution have been preferred by citizens in the EU countries. Aggregated data from two special Eurobarometer surveys (2010 and 2018) were used as the data source on redistributive preferences, while macro-statistical indicators were taken from the Eurostat database. Bivariate correlational analyses, linear regression and the cluster analysis were used for data processing. A general finding is that redistributive preferences are high in almost all EU countries. It seems that an increase of income inequalities is not the key factor of high redistributive preferences, but it is the perception of income inequalities and the sensitivity of citizens towards income inequalities. Citizens in the EU countries often incorrectly perceive the level of inequalities in society and their place on the income scale. The respondents from post-socialist countries have a larger "aversion" towards income inequalities and want a stronger role of the government in the redistribution and social life. Inhabitants of the EU countries support all key mechanisms of income redistribution (taxes, education, social protection and minimum wage), but they give the largest support to the tax system and the progressive taxation of the wealthy, while there are a lot of suspicions regarding fully free education.

Mixed government, which is commonly regarded as a distinctly medieval form of government, is relevant also to contemporary constitutional states. It is the best form of government, since the aristocratic element is a continuous source of virtue, especially of justice, & a check not only on the executive, as the monarchical element which is the seat of political power, & the legislature, as the democratic element which expresses the will of the majority, but also groups & institutions that have the might & will to impose themselves as oligarchies. Mixed government is also the form of government that is practiced by most developed contemporary constitutional states: US, UK, France, Switzerland, Germany, etc. European nobility is the original aristocratic institution, by virtue of the fact that it was a system for the transfer of both virtue & general conditions of life. Three institutions that emerged in the late Middle Ages assumed structures & functions of the nobility. The first is the clergy. When, as a result of the differentiation of feudal society ethical & intellectual virtues of the nobility could no longer maintain general conditions of life, the clergy, by virtue of their abstract knowledge that ranged from philosophy & theology to law & medicine, became a class of new experts in generalities & thereby a new aristocracy. The second modern aristocratic institution is the judiciary, which has a structure & function similar to earlier aristocracies. The task of judges is to establish the highest virtue of constitutionalism. It is justice by law, which regulates general conditions of life in the state & society. What qualifies judges for the task is expertise in the new generality. The expertise includes not only education & experience in law but also impeccable private life & demonstrated professional ethics. The third modern aristocratic institution is the profession, whose most important instance is the legal profession. It shares its structure & function partly with the judiciary & partly with other professions. It seems that modern professions are degenerating. In the key area of data processing, due to rapid changes of technology, professions as systems of the transfer of virtue do not even seem to be possible. Professional aristocracies are replaced increasingly by oligarchies of capitalists & technocrats. Adapted from the source document.