Suchergebnisse

Проаналізовано громадсько-політичну діяльність відомого галицького полі­тика Володимира Целевича у перші два десятиліття ХХ ст. крізь призму суспільно-політичних процесів у регіоні. Акцентовано увагу на особливостях формування його світогляду, внеску у заснування Українського Горожанського Комітету (УГК), Української військової організації (УВО), виокремлено коло його однодумців, серед яких – майбутні лідери національно-державницьких партій Галичини, національно-культурних організацій краю. Відзначено, що, перебуваючи в УГК, УВО у період національно-визвольних змагань, польсько-української війни 1918 – 1919 рр., він доклав чимало зусиль для захисту національно-культурних, соціально-політичних прав українців Східної Галичини, через що зазнав репресій та переслідувань від польської влади. ; The social-political activity of the well-known Galician politician Volodymyr Tselevych during the first two decades of the twentieth century was analyzed in the light of socio-political processes in the region. It was noted that the future leader of the Ukrainian National-Democratic Association started his "political career" in the Division of the IV Section of the Ukrainian Student Union, as well as in the National-Democratic section of this student organization, where the students of the Ukrainian National Democratic Party were grouping together.A particular focus was made on the peculiarities of the formation of his belief system, his contribution to the founding of the Ukrainian Horozhansky Committee, the Ukrainian Military; the circle of his fellow-thinkers was distinguished, among which were the future leaders of the national-state parties of Galicia and the national-cultural organizations of the region. It was proved that the role of V. Tselevych in the Ukrainian Military Organization (UMO) due to the lack of proper experience in military campaigns was gradually reduced to a purely organizational work, and E. Konovalets, D. Paliyiv, V. Kuchabskyi, O. Koberskyi, S. Fedak, etc. took over the leadership in the organization.The activities of Volodymyr Tselovych at the Ukrainian Horozhansky Committee (UHC) were considered; he directed his activities to meet the daily needs and protect the Ukrainians of Lviv. It was noted that as a secretary of the organization, he coordinated the activities of a number of committees and sections that provided material assistance to captives, arrested and feeble persons, was engaged in mediation regarding matters of employment, provided legal advice.It was stated that Volodymyr Tselevych, while being in the UHC, UMO during the period of national liberation struggles, the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918-1919, made significant efforts to protect the national-cultural, social and political rights of the Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia, collaborated with the Ukrainian political emigration, which caused him sufferings from repressions and persecutions from the Polish authorities.

Проаналізовано громадсько-політичну діяльність відомого галицького полі­тика Володимира Целевича у перші два десятиліття ХХ ст. крізь призму суспільно-політичних процесів у регіоні. Акцентовано увагу на особливостях формування його світогляду, внеску у заснування Українського Горожанського Комітету (УГК), Української військової організації (УВО), виокремлено коло його однодумців, серед яких – майбутні лідери національно-державницьких партій Галичини, національно-культурних організацій краю. Відзначено, що, перебуваючи в УГК, УВО у період національно-визвольних змагань, польсько-української війни 1918 – 1919 рр., він доклав чимало зусиль для захисту національно-культурних, соціально-політичних прав українців Східної Галичини, через що зазнав репресій та переслідувань від польської влади. ; The social-political activity of the well-known Galician politician Volodymyr Tselevych during the first two decades of the twentieth century was analyzed in the light of socio-political processes in the region. It was noted that the future leader of the Ukrainian National-Democratic Association started his "political career" in the Division of the IV Section of the Ukrainian Student Union, as well as in the National-Democratic section of this student organization, where the students of the Ukrainian National Democratic Party were grouping together.A particular focus was made on the peculiarities of the formation of his belief system, his contribution to the founding of the Ukrainian Horozhansky Committee, the Ukrainian Military; the circle of his fellow-thinkers was distinguished, among which were the future leaders of the national-state parties of Galicia and the national-cultural organizations of the region. It was proved that the role of V. Tselevych in the Ukrainian Military Organization (UMO) due to the lack of proper experience in military campaigns was gradually reduced to a purely organizational work, and E. Konovalets, D. Paliyiv, V. Kuchabskyi, O. Koberskyi, S. Fedak, etc. took over the leadership in the organization.The activities of Volodymyr Tselovych at the Ukrainian Horozhansky Committee (UHC) were considered; he directed his activities to meet the daily needs and protect the Ukrainians of Lviv. It was noted that as a secretary of the organization, he coordinated the activities of a number of committees and sections that provided material assistance to captives, arrested and feeble persons, was engaged in mediation regarding matters of employment, provided legal advice.It was stated that Volodymyr Tselevych, while being in the UHC, UMO during the period of national liberation struggles, the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918-1919, made significant efforts to protect the national-cultural, social and political rights of the Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia, collaborated with the Ukrainian political emigration, which caused him sufferings from repressions and persecutions from the Polish authorities.

The article analyzes the use of the land resource potential of countries in the context of globalization. Investment attractive regions have been identified, the socio–economic and political conditions of which are conducive to land grabbing from foreign investors. The sources of food security of countries with developed economies are substantiated. The features of the formation of the land–resource space of European countries – neo–colonialists are determined. Colonialism associated with the development of capitalism has become one of the most important historical events in the political and socio– economic life of the world. In his book, Eric Wolfe, "Europe and People Without History," describes in detail the global expansion of the borders of European states in order to control both human and natural resources, as well as to expand the world development of states and promote Christianity [1]. European colonialism was an early form of globalization and shaped most of the world's current political boundaries. Thus, technologies, food products, ideas were transferred that were based within the colonial countries: Great Britain, Spain, France, Portugal and the Netherlands. In such conditions, the main goal is the possibility of using the limited resources of the colonial country and making a profit. This approach is called neocolonialism (corporate colonialism), just like classical European colonialism, the goal is the comprehensive exploitation of natural resources, labor and markets for super–profits.

The article is devoted to the study of the theory of institutional and organizational guarantees of fundamental human rights in Ukraine and Germany. The article analyses the scientific studies of Ukrainian and German scientists, which reflect the doctrine of institutional and organizational guarantees of fundamental rights. The legislation of Ukraine and Germany was also investigated from the point of view of the normative regulation of the named guarantees of fundamental rights. The analysis of the Ukrainian doctrine on the guarantee of human rights and freedoms makes it possible to determine its following features: 1) institutional and organizational guarantees of human rights are defined by the constituent elements of the system of human rights guarantees; 2) they belong to the special (legal or legal) guarantees of human rights; 3) the guarantees of human rights directly depend on their official affirmation in the legislation of Ukraine, because it is they that they find their objective reflection; 4) the guarantors of human rights and freedoms are authorized to determine the basic rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to establish mechanisms for their implementation and protection; 5) human rights guarantors are mainly public authorities that have a normatively defined function to guarantee and secure one or more human rights. The study of the German and Austrian doctrine of basic human rights allows us to determine the following characteristics: 1) basic human rights give rise to guarantees for the individual as their carrier. This is one of their central functions; 2) fundamental rights are directed against the state. These are restrictions for: a) the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany; b) executive power; c) jurisdiction; 3) the state is not the creator of fundamental rights, it only recognizes the fact of their existence. The realization of fundamental rights does not depend on the level of their consolidation in the legislation; 4) the system of guaranteeing fundamental rights includes: ...

Accordingly, work is envisaged in the following areas: 1) transfer of modern construction technologies in the field of residential and industrial construction; 2) participation in the modernization of the railway and shipbuilding industry of Montenegro, supply of rolling stock and locomotives; 3) delivery of city and intercity buses to Montenegro; 4) export of food products and organization of their production in Montenegro; 5) expansion of military-technical cooperation; 6) supply of modern energy-saving technologies for residential and industrial construction, in particular for hotels; 7) creation of production of solar radiators for industrial and private homes; 8) activation of investment activity; 9) construction of operation of power plants and production of electricity. Summarizing the above, we believe that today Montenegro has clearly defined the vector of foreign and domestic policy development. It is not only a candidate for EU membership, but also a member of NATO, demonstrating that there is no alternative path towards Eurasian partners. In addition, Montenegro fully reflects the policy of Brussels, which is manifested in government actions, such as accession to European sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014. It also makes sense to clarify the fact that Montenegro more fully meets the requirements of the European Union for its full adoption member. Thus, according to reports, the EU positively assesses Montenegro's compliance with the relevant requirements, which approximates its accession to the Union in 2025. That is why, assessing current Montenegrin policy, it should be noted that it is comprehensively aimed at meeting the requirements of the EU, which does not allow the state to lead any more multi-vector policy despite growing public demand. ; Передбачаються роботи в таких напрямах: 1) передача сучасних будівельних технологій у сфе-рі житлового та промислового будівництва; 2) участь у модернізації залізниці та суднобудівної галузі Чор-ногорії, постачання рухомого складу та локомотивів; 3) постачання до Чорногорії міських і міжміських автобусів; 4) експорт продуктів харчування й орга-нізація їх виробництва в Чорногорії; 5) розширення військово-технічного співробітництва; 6) постачання сучасних енергозберігаючих технологій для житлово-го та промислового будівництва, зокрема для готелів; 7) створення виробництва сонячних радіаторів для про-мислових і приватних будинків; 8) активізація інвес-тиційної діяльності; 9) будівництво експлуатація елек-тростанцій та виробництво електроенергії. Підбиваючи підсумок викладеному, уважає-мо, що сьогодні Чорногорія чітко визначила вектор розвитку зовнішньої і внутрішньої політики. Вона є не тільки кандидатом на вступ до Європейського Союзу, а й членом НАТО, що демонструє відсутність альтернативного шляху в бік євразійських партне-рів. До того ж Чорногорія цілком підтримує політи-ку Брюсселя, що проявляється в діях уряду, як-от приєднання до європейських санкцій, накладених на Росію у 2014 році. Тут же має сенс уточнити, що Чорногорія більшою мірою задовольняє вимоги Єв-ропейського Союзу для прийняття її повноцінним членом. Так, згідно зі звітами, Європейський Союз позитивно оцінює виконання Чорногорією відпо-відних вимог, що наближує її вступ до цього Союзу у 2025 році. Саме тому, оцінюючи сучасну чорногор-ську політику, треба зауважити, що вона всеохоплю-ючі спрямована на реалізацію вимог Європейського Союзу, що не дозволяє державі вести більш багато-векторну політику, незважаючи на зростання запиту з боку громадськості.

The purpose of the article is to determine the forms of implementation of the principles of criminal law in the acts of criminal law. Methods. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of the research. The general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of real legal phenomena is viewed as the main one among other methodological tools. Special research methods used in the study are: the method of systematic analysis, formal legal, interpretation of law, comparative law and modelling methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the latest scientific works in the chosen field of research. Results. As proved during the analysis of law enforcement acts, criminal law principles have their reflection and content in the acts of application and implementation of criminal law. Each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. Acts of implementation of the rules of criminal law are "manifestations" of the actual behaviour of the subjects of criminal law. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. These are the acts of application of criminal law that embody the greatest number of principles of criminal law mainly due to the reflection of the latter in the documents drawn up by law enforcement agencies (indictments, petitions for coercive measures of medical or educational nature, convictions, rulings, etc.). Keywords: principles of criminal law; acts of implementation of criminal law; acts of application of criminal law.

Actuality. Many factors, both positive and negative, influence on the formation of an effective national innovation system as a complex of legal, financial and social institutions that provide innovative processes. In the modern globalized world, national innovation systems depend on a large extent on the political situation in the world and the cultural characteristics of each country. Creation and dissemination of fundamentally new technologies, products and services is becoming increasingly relevant. Purpose and methods. The aim of the study is to analyze the formation and implementation of national innovation systems in different countries all around the world, the introduction of innovative practices in the hotel industry, the definition of the features of state innovation policy, as well as factors that have a positive or negative impact on the national innovation system. The following methods have been used to solve the research tasks: historiographical, comparative, methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The results of the study have showed that national innovation systems have been increasingly developing and improving, because the modern economy is characterized by its innovativeness. The most advanced are the innovative systems in the United States and European countries. As for the introduction of innovative practices in the hotel industry, the championship belongs again to the US, the European countries, Japan. Conclusions and discussion. On the basis of the analysis of national innovation systems, we can conclude that under current conditions, the innovation system needs constant improvement. The successful development of the national innovation system is supported by a clear strategy of state policy in the field of innovation; rational use of existing innovation potential; strengthening cooperation between the research and the private sector; introduction of best international experience.

The study analyzes the evolution of trade policy of Ukraine and Poland from the period of transition to a market economy and the functioning of market laws. Among the methods, the systematic method has been used to study the Polish political opinion on the profitability and prospects of mutually beneficial trade, comparative analysis of the results of Ukrainian and Polish foreign economic activity has been conducted, taking into account the requirements of Polish (as part of European) and Ukrainian legislation. Poland's position on changes in the direction of Ukrainian strategic cooperation (multi-vectoral focus) has been analyzed. It has been proved that Poland is a country of great expectations for Ukraine. Official Kyiv seeks tangible assistance from Poland in its confrontation with Russia. Ukraine's victory will mean an improvement in Poland's security and foreign economic situation. At present, the Ukrainian border is the frontier of the Russian Federation's expansion, so the enlargement of the European Union and NATO to the East in order to gain new markets and sources of raw materials will be optimal for Poland. It is concluded that Polish politicians understand that the promotion of Polish products in Ukraine will mean an increase in soft influence on the state of commitment of Ukrainian society. It has been recommended that the active steps of official Warsaw to increase investment interest in the Ukrainian market may lead to the practical implementation of important Polish national interests. It is highlighted that the implementation of Ukrainian export policy depends on the strategies of players in the European and Polish markets. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the annexation of Crimea, Poland's policy of active trade cooperation is perceived by the Ukrainian authorities as pro-American, so official Kyiv seeks to involve Poland in resolving the Nord Stream-2 situation. Thus, Ukraine and Poland are able to independently create a new quality of security and trade relations in the ...

The article is devoted to the activity of Ivan Theodor Rudnytzky, a military, social and political figure and a lawyer. His life is a vivid example of the fate of many Ukrainians from Galicia, who dedicated their lives to the struggle for Ukraine's freedom and independence. Archival records, other documents and his memoirs were used to reclaim his name from oblivion.This article is the biography of one of the unsung heroes of Western Ukraine's struggle for independence. In offers a brief genealogy of the Rudnytzky family and dwells on the formation of his character- beginning with Ivanʹs birth in Galicia (village Bedrykivci), on February 20, 1886 to 1920.Based on Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Austrian archival materials and on secondary literature and memoirs, author traces the eventful life of an Austrian and, later, Ukrainian military officer, lawyer and freedom fighter who, although little known today, was one of the chief architects of the historic 1918 November Uprising in Lviv.While crystallizing the personality of her subject and describing his activities in military and civil life, both in Ukraine and in emigration, the author offers glimpses of new and heretofore unknown historical facts as well as insights into Zeitgeist of the inter and post bellum periods in Ukraine.Juli 1910 he is member a student demonstration at the University of Lviv. Beginning with the 1914, it describes Rudnytzkys career in the Austrian army, where he served as a commander of a machine-gun regiment and was wounded on the Italian front.It discusses as a key member of the Ukrainian Military Committee, which prepared the November Uprising of 1918, his work in the Ukrainian Galician Army. In Massаrykʹs Czechia (1920-1927), I. Rudnytzky served as a representative of the Ukrainian Galician Army in Vienna as well as a military attache in Prage until 1927. ; Стаття присвячена військовому, громадсько-політичному діячеві, адвокатові – доктору права Івану Теодору Рудницькому, життєвий шлях якого відображає долю багатьох галичан першої половини ХХ ст., які жертовно боролися за незалежну Українську державу. Завдяки архівним документам та віднайденим спогадам І. Рудницького повертаємо його ім'я із політичного забуття. Стаття містить невідомі фрагменти біографії діяча. Досліджена генеалогія роду Рудницьких. Базуючись на українських, австрійських архівних матеріалах, мемуарах і спогадах, реконструюється багате подіями життя австрійського, а згодом українського офіцера, адвоката і учасника Визвольних Змагань, мал, який був одним із провідних очільників Листопадового Чину 1918 р. у Львові.

The article is devoted to the activity of Ivan Theodor Rudnytzky, a military, social and political figure and a lawyer. His life is a vivid example of the fate of many Ukrainians from Galicia, who dedicated their lives to the struggle for Ukraine's freedom and independence. Archival records, other documents and his memoirs were used to reclaim his name from oblivion.This article is the biography of one of the unsung heroes of Western Ukraine's struggle for independence. In offers a brief genealogy of the Rudnytzky family and dwells on the formation of his character- beginning with Ivanʹs birth in Galicia (village Bedrykivci), on February 20, 1886 to 1920.Based on Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Austrian archival materials and on secondary literature and memoirs, author traces the eventful life of an Austrian and, later, Ukrainian military officer, lawyer and freedom fighter who, although little known today, was one of the chief architects of the historic 1918 November Uprising in Lviv.While crystallizing the personality of her subject and describing his activities in military and civil life, both in Ukraine and in emigration, the author offers glimpses of new and heretofore unknown historical facts as well as insights into Zeitgeist of the inter and post bellum periods in Ukraine.Juli 1910 he is member a student demonstration at the University of Lviv. Beginning with the 1914, it describes Rudnytzkys career in the Austrian army, where he served as a commander of a machine-gun regiment and was wounded on the Italian front.It discusses as a key member of the Ukrainian Military Committee, which prepared the November Uprising of 1918, his work in the Ukrainian Galician Army. In Massаrykʹs Czechia (1920-1927), I. Rudnytzky served as a representative of the Ukrainian Galician Army in Vienna as well as a military attache in Prage until 1927. ; Стаття присвячена військовому, громадсько-політичному діячеві, адвокатові – доктору права Івану Теодору Рудницькому, життєвий шлях якого відображає долю багатьох галичан першої половини ХХ ст., які жертовно боролися за незалежну Українську державу. Завдяки архівним документам та віднайденим спогадам І. Рудницького повертаємо його ім'я із політичного забуття. Стаття містить невідомі фрагменти біографії діяча. Досліджена генеалогія роду Рудницьких. Базуючись на українських, австрійських архівних матеріалах, мемуарах і спогадах, реконструюється багате подіями життя австрійського, а згодом українського офіцера, адвоката і учасника Визвольних Змагань, мал, який був одним із провідних очільників Листопадового Чину 1918 р. у Львові.

The article analyzes the development of cities and territorial communities in terms of compliance with sustainable development goals, criteria and principles of economic development of Ukraine in the implementation of the reform of decentralization of power and local self-government. Scientific principles of assessment of sustainable development of cities and territorial communities in Ukraine are formulated in accordance with the postulates of sustainable development and taking into account the institutional features of decentralization reform in Ukraine, taking into account the requirements for forming comprehensively viable and economically self-sufficient territorial communities. The article assesses the readiness for cooperation and unification of cities and communities of Ukraine. Agreements depending on the spheres of cooperation of territorial communities are considered. The state and dynamics of intermunicipal cooperation processes in Ukraine are analyzed.

Outsourcing services market in Ukraine is in the process of formation, so the use of this form of interaction is unconventional for enterprises. Therefore, the result of this research is to develop an algorithm and justify key aspects: Risk Assessment and Feasibility of implementation.

The subject of the research is the infrastructure objects of the settlements of Ukraine, namely the energy supply systems (heat, gas and electricity supply) both traditional and alternative. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority of the use of various fuels: traditional and alternative, as well as the impact of their combustion products on the environment to justify the ways and tools of renovation of housing and communal services of Ukraine. Research methods. When writing the article, general scientific and special methods of research of physical and economic phenomena concerning the functioning and strategy of development of the fuel and energy complex of the state were used. Results of work. Replacement of the main fuel – natural gas – for the needs of heat sources, electricity alternative gives imaginary savings of local budgets in terms of decentralization of public administration (due to the difference in prices of natural gas and other fossil fuels). At the same time, only such measures pose a number of other problems. Increasing environmental pollution is one of them. Legislative support, tariff policy, requirements of current regulations in Ukraine on environmental safety, production, supply of heat and electricity to end users are analyzed. In accordance with them, the replacement of natural gas with alternative fuels is considered. The projected cost of energy received, emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are calculated. The values of emission indicators are obtained, which are based on data on the physicochemical composition and consumption of each of the fuels, taking into account the characteristics of combustion processes and measures to reduce emissions of a particular ingredient. A comparative analysis of fuels in relation to the environmental impact of combustion products, as well as directly the cost of the fuels themselves. Field of application of results. Ecology, housing and communal services, fuel and energy complex. Conclusions. In rural areas, ...

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

Administrative liability, as a type of legal coercion, is important for maintaining law and order, protection of an individual, protection of human rights and freedoms, performance of tasks and functions of the state. The description of administrative liability, given in the article, is connected with its inherent features and peculiarities of an administrative offense (misdemeanour). The most significant attention is paid to the issue, connected with public danger of an illegal act, taking into account the conceptual changes in criminal legislation, and, thus, criminal liability and as a consequence of administrative liability. The concept of reforming the Criminal Legislation provides for the preparation in addition to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code (Law) on Criminal Offenses (misdemeanours) and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Taking into account the emergence of the phenomenon of "criminal misdemeanours" in the legislation of Ukraine, for committing of which there is criminal liability before the court (the judge), the author raises the question of defining such criminal offense as a socially dangerous act, but of less public danger than a crime, and all other misdemeanours (administrative) should be considered harmful, but not socially dangerous. Cases of such misdemeanours should be considered during administrative proceedings, according to the (procedural) rules defined in the Code on Administrative Offenses. Using the experience of legal regulation of European countries, we thus implement our legislation to the European one, but taking into account our national traditions and maintaining the fundamental principles of criminal law and maintaining such principles regarding administrative liability. So, criminal liability arises only in accordance with the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Code (Law) on Criminal Offenses (misdemeanours) as socially dangerous acts, and administrative liability arises in accordance with the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses (misdemeanours) that ...