Suchergebnisse

Currently there are no indicators that can measure the effectiveness of the role of ASEAN in Southeast Asia, especially those related to human security issues in the safety of labor and migrants' mobilization. However, ASEAN still working through any possibilities of cooperation to prevent any threats that would endanger the personal securities of ASEAN community. This paper will further analyze the human security issues in Southeast Asia starting with conceptualizing, identifying, and engaging to find how is the effectivity of ASEAN in charge of prevent human security issues from sociology of law perspective with normative-juridical methodology combined with perspective of international relation approach. Based on the findings in conceptual and data, this research will show the problems that have been handled and have not been done by ASEAN institutionally. In addition to showing the relevance of the establishment of ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) 2015 as an affirmation for all ASEAN member countries to respond to institutional human security issues especially in the mobilization of labor and migrants.

Plant variety protection is a relatively new concept for many Indonesians. It was developed because of the patent regime's failure to provide appropriate protection for new plant varieties. This new sui generis legislation for the protection of plant varieties was enacted in response to Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement, which requires WTO Members to provide an effective sui generis law for the protection of new plant varieties. This paper analyses the current state of plant variety protection in Indonesia. It covers the threshold of protection, the subject, scope, right and obligation of breeders, exceptions to infringement, farmers' rights and local varieties. It also analyses the current policy to revise the Plant Variety Protection Act and the underlying reasons for this, including Indonesia's national interest and its international and bilateral commitments. The main focus of the paper explores why such policy is not broadly compatible with the Indonesian agricultural tradition of seed sharing. Accordingly, this paper explores the tradition of seed sharing in Indonesian culture known as adat. In addition, it explores the likely implication of such protection for national agricultural innovation.

There are two functions of the state liability principle. The first is to secure individual rights (including economic rights) from a wrongful act conducted by a government, and the second is to compensate for damage caused by the infringement of individual right. Economic right is inherently allowing an individual to pursue economic interest both domestically or globally. In order to accommodate this right, a government is obliged to provide trade rules and mechanisms for every individual to conduct their global economic activities by participating in the WTO. The objective of the WTO significantly corresponds to the individual's right in order to obtain trade benefits. Hence, when a government infringes trade rules and mechanisms underlined in WTO Law, it will directly restrict individuals from gaining trade benefits under the WTO or, moreover, it will restrain individuals from enjoying their inviolable economic rights. When the right is violated, and the damage occurs, it thus leads to the obligation for the government to compensate the damage according to the state liability principle. This article discusses the nexus between the state liability principle and WTO Law, in order to encourage national courts to exercise the function of state liability by referring to the infringement of economic rights caused by the violation of WTO Law.

Abstract : The de jure government has given full support in improving the quality and quantity of women's political, affirmative strategy of 30% quota for women. However, this strategy can not guarantee women's role in politics optimally. Therefore, sanggatlah important to make efforts to improve the quality and quantity of the representation of women's representation in politics. Especially in the context of democracy, which should give the right to the same opportunities to all the people, both men and women in voicing their aspirations as a manifestation of their political rights. Untuuk realize it all, required education as a vehicle for increasing women's political empowerment and the ability to actualize their role as citizens. Abstrak : Secara de yure, Pemerintah telah memberikan dukungan penuh dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas politik, strategi afirmatif perempuan kuota 30% bagi perempuan. Namun, strategi ini tidak dapat menjamin peran perempuan dalam politik secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, sanggatlah penting untuk membuat upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas representasi keterwakilan perempuan dalam politik. Terutama dalam konteks demokrasi, yang harus memberikan hak untuk kesempatan yang sama untuk semua orang, baik laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menyuarakan aspirasi mereka sebagai manifestasi dari hak-hak politik mereka. Untuuk mewujudkan itu semua, diperlukan pendidikan sebagai wahana untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan politik perempuan dan kemampuan untuk mengaktualisasikan peran mereka sebagai warga negara

Main factor of marginalization in social, cultural, educational and political living isn't only mistake thought or mind set toward women but also becouse of being supported by holistical texts which are poor critical interpretations toward Al-qur'an verses and deeds of prophet Muhammad. This writing aims to analize some misogini deeds which deem that women are placed as the second human who are unappropriate in entering men stage, so discoursed interpretations have consequence for marginalizing women into the edge of women deadlock in giving voice at their rights and duties, refering to the historical facts, on mattes pertaining to prophet Muhammad age showed that women weren't as people thought about women living without getting their rights and duties as men ones, other wisw on the real facts, they struggled together with men to acquire rights and duties equally and to avoid discrimination as an impact of sex and gender gaps.

Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan ; Abstract : Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Abstrak : Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan

The Amanded of UUD 1945 changed basically the structure and State institutional. the change of the structure State institutional that is, was formed several of the new State institutionals, among them the Yudisial Commission (KY), the Constitutional Court (MK) and the Council of Representative of the Area (DPD). The UUD 1945 amanded unclear defined the State institutional, that is caused the inter-institutional authority dispute . Who right to interpreted the State institutional and what institution that were said as the State institution according to UUD 1945 fourth amanded . The Institution that the Right to interpreted UUD 1945 is the Constitutional Court. The State institutional that were meant in UUD 1945 is People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, DPD, President, The ministry of the State , BPK, , DPRD, the Commission of general election (KPU), the Yudisial Commission, , the central bank, Republic of Indonesia Army, Republic of Indonesia State Police, and the Council of President consideration . The constitutional court had the authority to settle of the inter-institutional authority dispute of the country that his authority was given by UUD 1945.

The individual candidate will become the new competitor for the political party in the depths of the local head election after the Constitution Court enact the judicial review against the Act 32 year 2004 about the Government of the Area. The Constitution court considered that the Act 32 year 2004 that only give space and the opportunity to the political party and the combination of the political party evidently is considered contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. The Act 32 year 2004 consider to close the constitutional right the individual candidate without going through the political party in the local head election. The Constitution court then say so that the individual candidate without going through the political party or the combination of the political party is enabled to go along in the local head election. The keyword : The individual candidate, Constitution Court

The state is obliged to strive for the realization of justice for traditional fishing communities. Traditional communities are fishing communities whose traditional rights are still recognized in carrying out fishing activities or other legal activities in certain areas located in archipelagic waters following the international law of the sea. Coastal space areas and small islands that indigenous/traditional communities have managed from the obligation to have location permits and management take national interests and laws and regulations into account. Article 26 A of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 makes it easy for outsiders to control small islands that regulate the use of small islands and surrounding coasts through investment forms based on a ministerial permit that must prioritize the national interest. Positive law must protect traditional fishing communities and indigenous peoples. This research aims to analyze the regulation of fishermen's protection from deprivation of their rights in earning a living and livelihood. The research method used is normative research, meaning the implementation of legal provisions in the form of legislation in activities for certain legal events in the community, especially the fishing community. Normative research refers to and examines laws and regulations related to the research being conducted. The research locations cover coastal areas throughout Indonesia, especially Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Kupang, Ternate, and Mataram. The state can provide knowledge, guidance, and protection for fishermen from various actions of deprivation of their rights to earn a living and protection such as piracy, the practice of fishing theft, abuse of trawling, transshipment activities, threats, and violence by foreign parties to Indonesian fishers. The central government and local governments are obliged to provide facilities for guaranteeing fishing areas or fishing coverage areas that are safe and do not overlap with other fields. ; Negara berkewajiban mengupayakan terwujudnya keadilan bagi masyarakat nelayan tradisional. Masyarakat tradisional adalah masyarakat perikanan yang masih diakui hak tradisionalnya dalam melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan atau kegiatan lainnya yang sah di wilayah tertentu yang berada di perairan kepulauan mengikuti hukum laut internasional. Wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil yang dikelola masyarakat adat/tradisional dari kewajiban izin lokasi dan pengelolaannya memperhatikan kepentingan nasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pasal 26 A Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 memberikan kemudahan bagi pihak luar untuk menguasai pulau-pulau kecil yang mengatur pemanfaatan pulau-pulau kecil dan pesisir sekitarnya melalui bentuk penanaman modal berdasarkan izin menteri yang harus mengutamakan kepentingan nasional. Hukum positif harus melindungi masyarakat nelayan tradisional dan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peraturan perlindungan nelayan dari perampasan haknya dalam mencari nafkah dan penghidupan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif, artinya penerapan ketentuan hukum berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dalam kegiatan untuk peristiwa hukum tertentu dalam masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat nelayan. Penelitian normatif mengacu pada dan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Lokasi penelitian meliputi wilayah pesisir di seluruh Indonesia, khususnya Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Kupang, Ternate, dan Mataram. Negara dapat memberikan pengetahuan, pembinaan, dan perlindungan bagi nelayan dari berbagai tindakan perampasan hak untuk mencari nafkah dan perlindungan seperti perompakan, praktik pencurian ikan, penyalahgunaan trawl, kegiatan transshipment, pengancaman, dan kekerasan oleh pihak asing kepada nelayan Indonesia. Pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah wajib menyediakan fasilitas untuk menjamin wilayah penangkapan ikan atau wilayah jangkauan penangkapan ikan yang aman dan tidak tumpang tindih dengan bidang lain.

The Inspectorate of Bantul District, and the Yogyakarta District Court) in the corruption case of Persiba Bantul grants. The calculation of the two government audit agencies was significantly lower than the amount settled by the court. There was also a different amount resulted from the calculation between BPKP and the inspectorate. These differences may affect public trust on government audit agencies in supporting corruption eradication. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results show that there are differences in calculating the state financial loss due to two factors: components of the calculation and recognition of amounts of the loss by BPKP and the inspectorate. Specificially, differences are due to access to audit evidences and new facts, assigned time of auditors, and human factor. The court seems to have advantages regarding to access audit evidence and other information and therefore, the court could set a higher amount of the state loss. This study contributes to having better understanding of calculating the state financial loss. Keywords: counting losses to the country, corruption case, losses to the country, thematic analysis

This study analyzes the success of the Indonesian Farmers Union (SPI) in the peasant rights struggle during 2001 - 2016. This study uses the social movement integration aprproach which is an attempt to synthesize three dimensions / approaches: the structure of political opportunity; structure of social mobilization; and cultural framing. This study uses qualitative research methods with study case approach. The research data is sourced from interviews and documents and literature related to this study. The analysis indicates that the success of SPI in peasant rights struggles in 2001 - 2018 can be seen from the ratification of 'Declaration Peasant Rights and Other People Working in Rural Area' or UNDROP at the International level. This success can't be separated from the role of each dimension / approach, namely a combination of factors of political openness in Indonesia, the success of the SPI in networking alliances at various levels (local-international), and the construction of ideas on the rights of farmers that can be accepted universal.