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Abstract
The relationship between the United States and Vietnam began when Prince Nguyen Phuc Canh worked with Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary American Ambassador Thomas Jefferson in 1787. The United States, however, later invaded Vietnam, causing a bloody conflict unlike any in human history from 1954 to 1975. Then, in 1995, a shared sense of humanity and morality motivated the two countries to attempt to form a comprehensive partnership that they achieved in 2013, and they have been working to refine their approach toward collaborating together ever since. In this partnership, there is a need to uncover and resolve a few mysteries. This article's objective is to analyze the fundamentals of both cooperation and conflict in this historical partnership – human rights (including for prisoners of war and those missing in action), military security, policy reform in Vietnam, and financial gains for Vietnam and the United States. However, differences in political institutions, interests and values, and aims for the relationship have all become points of contention since normalization of bilateral relations in 1995.

This edited volume is an outcome of the first major collaborative project between Japanese economists and political scientists, funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The authors of the individual chapters show that Asian states play games of conflict and cooperation strategically by creating, changing, or destroying institutions. For them, conflict and cooperation are inseparable phenomena and are integral parts of states' strategic interactions under constraints. Through the establishment of appropriate institutions that coordinate states' actions, present conflict can be turned into stable cooperation in the future. No discernible difference exists in the extent of rationality between the East and the West, but substantial variations between regions or even within a region are found in institutions that are influenced by history and culture. Historical and cultural variations divide contemporary Asia, making regional institutional cooperation difficult and prompting some Asian states to use global or inter-regional arrangements in order to obtain benefits of cooperation. Qualifications are provided for this line of argument in the first chapter, which also discusses the affinity of international relations theory and game theory, with special attention to Japan and Asia. The following ten substantive chapters are developed based on the conceptual framework and, for integrity and coherence, are sub-grouped into four parts that correspond to major issues in international relations scholarship: (1) conflict management, (2) arms control, (3) trade, and (4) currency.

Suh Dae-Sook: Crisis management by new leaders in North Korea. - S. 19-31. Noland, M.: The economic situation in North Korea. - S. 19-31. Kim, S. S.: The future of the post-Kim Il Sung system in North Korea. - S. 32-60. Kim Kwang-woong: Two scales. Democratization and the North Korea policy of the Kim Young Sam government. - S. 61-75. Cha, V. D.: Democracy and unification. The dilemma of the ROK engagement. - S. 76-93. Steinberg, D. I.: The dichotomy of pride and vulnerability. South Korean tensions in the U.S. relationship. - s. 94-118. Okonogi, M.: The North Korean crisis and Japan's choice. - S. 119-129. Zhao Quansheng: China and the two Koreas. - S. 130-146. Bazhanov, E. P.: Russia's policies toward the two Koreas. - S. 147-168. Gregg, D. P.: The two Koreas and Northeast Asia in the post-Cold War era. - S. 169-174. Gallucci, R. L.: The U.S.-North Korea agreed framework and the Korea policy of the United States. - S. 175-186. Brown, D. E.: No thanks expected. America's effort to nurture a "soft landing". - S. 187-196. Harrison, S. S.: The United States and the future of Korea. - S. 197-217. Taylor, W. J., Jr.: The Korean peninsula at the crossroads. Which way? - S. 218-233. Snyder, S.: North Korean crises and American choices. Managing U.S. policy toward the Korean peninsula. - S. 234-266. Koo, P. H.: Resolving the North Korean crisis. What should be done by the business community? - S. 267-270. Scalapino, R. A.: Korea and the United States. Looking to the twenty-first century. - S. 271-281

A report on the work of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, issued in October 1948, summarized progress of the organization so far and the problems which it still faced. Stating that the organization was still on the threshold of European cooperation and that the most difficult problems still remained, the report defined OEEC's task as the achievement, by 1952, of a "satisfactory European economy without extraordinary outside aid." The work of OEEC since its inception had been hampered by the facts that it was the first international organization of its kind, that it had been so quickly forced into programming aid requirements of participating countries that there had been no time for organizational problems, and that during a fairly long initial period it had not had close contact with the United States Economic Cooperation Administration since neither the administrator nor his special representative in Europe had been appointed. Despite these hindrances, however, OEEC had drawn up programs covering aid requirements of the nineteen member nations for the third and fourth quarters of 1948, the first annual program, a long-term program, and a first progress report on cooperation and economic recovery. OEEC had also undertaken to recommend to ECA actual distribution of aid between participating countries, a task which it was originally assumed would belong to ECA.

As an emerging donor of Official Development Assistance (ODA), the South Korean government has announced that it will provide a 'South Korean Model of Development Cooperation'. This paper explores how the South Korean development experience from the twentieth century can be transformed into an alternative for development cooperation in the twenty-first century. The early aid management system in South Korea contributed to the bureaucratic capacity-building that was necessary for the installation of the developmental state. In its quest for industrialization, the authoritarian developmental state in South Korea maintained autonomy vis-à-vis foreign donors, foretelling the 'country ownership' principle in today's global norms of ODA. However instructive the South Korean experience may be, it will not work as a 'one size fits all' model for the twenty-first century development due to such fundamental changes in the global political economy as the WTO regime and democracy promotion. In this regard, South Korea's own double transition of economic liberalization and democratization offers another important lesson. Therefore, we suggest a South Korean 'alternative' that respects both the global norms for development cooperation and the national democratic aspirations. It would be a democratic developmental state whose autonomy is more deeply embedded in civil society and whose capacity further expands human capabilities. (Pac Rev/GIGA)

The article highlights the author's approach to improving cooperation mechanisms of the State Border Service of Ukraine with public organizations and population. There has been analyzed public control as a means their cooperation and priorities of improving the cooperation, particularly, forms and methods of organizing citizens' feedback, introduction of the assessment procedure of the efficiency of the SBSU and population and public organization. There have been stated conceptual pillars of the public control development in the SBSU, developed by the author, including public control forms and resource provision. There has been considered a mechanism algorithm of the public participation in the development of the border administration through submitting petitions or proposals concerning a legally enforceable enactment draft (or the legally enforceable enactment currently in force). There has been represented a mechanism model of discussing legally enforceable enactments and public petitions, developed by the author. It is noted that one of the mechanisms of interaction of the SBSU with the public is effective public control, which becomes an integral part of ensuring national security and political stability. The conditions of permanence of Ukraine's threats in the border area, and in certain areas and their exacerbation, along with further reforms of the institutes of Ukrainian statehood, cause the problem of establishing and implementing public control in the border area as an important and urgent one. It is proved that public control is intended to determine the correctness of the military-force policy in the border area, the validity of the scale and optimality of the forms of activity of the border guards. In accordance with all this, in the subject area of public control should be: political decisions on issues of border security, including international agreements; the expediency and validity of government programs for the provision and reform of the border authorities of Ukraine, assessment of the effectiveness of these programs and the procedure for making changes to them.

The novelty of the study lies in the proposal of a new approach to placing a part of the mutual fund in centralized digital currency markets. The aim of the article is to propose a mechanism and model for the digitalization of the share through the utilitarian digital rights of the system of consumer and agricultural cooperation. The study makes it possible to evaluate the mechanism of the new approach to involving the urban and rural population in participating in the country's economy as a shareholder. The allocation of part of the share fund to associates imposes additional fiscal and financial control on the part of state and other independent structures. Control allows one to reduce the risk of losing a share, which will lead to an increase in the number of shareholders and affect the efficiency of cooperative management. Participants in the operations of the digital system additionally offer interested parties agreements to attract shareholders and to promote investment. The study used general scientific methods, methods of structural and logical analysis. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study were the works of modern scientists and the current legal documents. The presented approach can be applied at enterprises of the cooperative system. The results of the study are recommended for use by non-profit institutions and organizations, corporate organizations, in the field of attracting shareholders from the urban environment for the development of the territory and the rational management of income and assets.

The article analyzes the role of Leningrad in the structure of scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and SRV in 1976– 1983 on the basis of archival data. The author comes to a conclusion about high quality results of Leningrad institutions collaborating with SRV, successes of Leningrad leadership in cooperation with regions of Vietnam, involvement of most large industrial enterprises, leading higher educational institutions, design and research organizations of the city in scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and SRV.

The thesis offers a general overview of the recent developments observed in terms of sustainable development in Príncipe Island, autonomous region from São Tomé and Príncipe, mainly promoted by foreign direct investment aligned with Principe's regional governance. Then it describes the most important players in the regional economy and their role on it - mainly multinationals that are investing in touristic and agriculture projects in the region, with focus on Here Be Dragons (HBD) company, which employs more people than the regional government. The research evaluates the public and private governance towards sustainability. Finally this research suggests good strategies for corporate governance towards sustainable development held by local regional government, central government of São Tomé and Príncipe and multinationals, over Tourism sector, mainly. ; O projecto de dissertação reúne informação geral do desenvolvimento sustentável que se observa na ilha do Príncipe, região autónoma de São Tomé e Príncipe, principalmente promovido por investimento directo estrangeiro alinhado com o governo local, regional. O documento descreve o desenvolvimento do ambiente económico e social na região, dos intervenientes mais importantes na sociedade e o seu papel - nomeadamente empresas internacionais que pretendem investir em projectos turísticos e agrícolas. Destaque para a Here Be Dragons (HBD), que é já a empresa privada maior empregadora de São Tomé e Príncipe. O estudo avalia a governança, regional estatal e privada , no sentido da gestão do sustentabilidade. Finalmente, o estudo sugere estratégias governamentais para a gestão do desenvolvimento sustentável, apoiado no investimento directo estrangeiro por parte de multinacionais com interesses no sector do turismo, principalmente.