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Controlling Costs and Changing Patient Care? -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- CURRENT STATUS OF UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT -- HOW UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT IS EVOLVING -- ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE NEAR TERM -- Responsibilities of Employers and Purchasers -- Responsibilities of Utilization Management Organizations -- Responsibilities of Practitioners and Institutions -- Responsibilities of Patients -- LONGER-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS AND QUESTIONS -- Research On Effectiveness -- Practice Guidelines and Review Criteria -- Oversight of Utilization Management -- 1 Utilization Management: Introduction and Definitions -- WHAT IS UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT? -- Prior Review -- High-Cost Case Management -- Retrospective Utilization Review -- Other Cost-Containment Methods -- TWO NOTES OF CAUTION -- Obstacles To Evaluation -- Intrinsic Conceptual and Methodological Problems -- Common Behavioral Biases Against Evaluation -- Competition and Evaluation -- Forces Behind Rising Health Care Costs -- REFERENCES -- 2 Origins of Utilization Management -- THE GROWTH OF THIRD-PARTY FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE -- EARLY COST-MANAGEMENT EFFORTS BY THIRD PARTIES -- Management of the Risk Pool -- Design of the Benefit Plan -- Controls On Payments To Providers -- Constraints On Supply -- Utilization Review -- GOVERNMENT AND EMPLOYER INVOLVEMENT -- Federal Government Initiatives -- Private Purchasers Become an Force -- OTHER FACTORS GIVING RISE TO UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT -- Inappropriate Utilization as an Cost-Containment Target -- Variations in Utilization -- Inappropriate Utilization -- Linking Cost and Quality -- Improving the Tools and Structures for Utilization Management -- Information Resources -- Assessment and Education Strategies -- New Organizations -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

Allied Health Services -- Copyright -- Preface -- STUDY BACKGROUND -- INTERPRETATION OF THE CONGRESSIONAL CHARGE -- STUDY APPROACH -- MAJOR STUDY THEMES -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- ALLIED HEALTH PERSONNEL: WHO ARE THEY AND WHAT DO THEY DO? -- ESTIMATING SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- Data Limitations -- Factors That Affect The Demand for and Supply of Allied Health Personnel -- THE CURRENT EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- THE FUTURE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- EDUCATION -- HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS -- LICENSURE, CERTIFICATION, AND ACCREDITATION -- LONG-TERM CARE -- COLLABORATIVE ACTION -- 1 What Does "Allied Health" Mean? -- CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY -- DENTAL HYGIENISTS -- DIETETIC SERVICES -- EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES -- MEDICAL RECORD SERVICES -- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY -- PHYSICAL THERAPY -- RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY -- RESPIRATORY THERAPY -- SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY SERVICES -- NEW ALLIED HEALTH FIELDS -- Perfusion -- Cardiovascular Technology -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 2 Approaches to Measuring Demand and Supply -- DATA FOR ASSESSING DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- ASSESSING CURRENT DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- Indicators of A Labor Shortage -- Vacancies -- Compensation Levels -- Unemployment Levels -- Data for Assessing Current Vacancies -- Data on Salaries and Wages -- How to Improve Data on Current Allied Health Personnel Demand and Supply -- ASSESSING FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- HOW BLS MAKES EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS -- FUTURE SUPPLY -- DATA FOR PROJECTING THE FUTURE SUPPLY OF ALLIED HEALTH WORKERS -- Current (Base Year) Supply -- New Entrants -- Other Inflows -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Forces and Trends in Personnel Demand and Supply -- RESPIRATORY THERAPY'S MOVE INTO THE HOME: THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE FORCES -- FORCES THAT DRIVE THE DEMAND FOR ALLIED HEALTH PRACTITIONERS.