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In 1437, the Burgundian Duke Philip the Good introduced hearth counts in the Duchy of Brabant, engineering a complete overhaul of the existing fiscal system. Hearth or household counts offered a rational and uniform determinant for allocating each locality a share in the general taxes. This curbed opportunities to negotiate rebates, reducing the bargaining power of the duke's subjects in this key principality in the Burgundian composite monarchy and one of the most densely populated regions in Europe. In this paper we use new GIS-reconstructions of village-level boundaries and novel spatial techniques to map the fiscal capacity of the contributing localities before (1383/1386) and after (1436–1442) the reform. By combining this to written sources of the negotiations, we show how the duke was able to exploit the hearth censuses as a tool of power for mastering the political space.

This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Dutch economy continues to improve, supported by exports, rising housing prices, and improving sentiment. Exports are rising on expanding global trade, but consumption remains sluggish as indebted households continue to save. The external current account surplus now exceeds 10 percent of GDP, led by an improving trade balance. Labor slack and the large output gap have pushed down core inflation, raising real interest rates. Growth is expected to reach 0.8 percent in 2014 before rising gradually to 1.2 percent in 2015, supported by rising ex

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CORPORATE SAVING IN THE NETHERLANDS -- A. Introduction -- B. Sources and Uses of the Dutch Corporate Gross Saving -- C. Roles of MNCs -- D. From the Saving-Investment Balance to the CA -- E. Conclusion -- References -- TABLES -- 1. Decomposition of NFC Gross Value Added of Selected OECD Countries -- 2. Uses of NFC Gross Saving of Selected OECD Countries -- 3. Large MNC Activities by Primary Industry Classification -- SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND SUPPORT FOR THE DUTCH PENSION REFORM -- A. Introduction -- B. Background on the Pension Reform and Political Economy -- C. Self-Employment and Pension Reform Support -- D. Model Estimations -- E. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Composition of Self-Employment, 2008-17 -- 2. Composition of Self-Employed Jobs, 2017 -- 3. Self-Employed Education and Income, 2017 -- 4. Answers to Questions on Pension Preferences, 2017 -- 5. Psychological Traits, 2017 -- APPENDICES -- I. Data and Tables -- II. The DNB Households Survey (DHS).

Faced with high population density, close proximity of urban areas and urban-rural linkages, rural areas in the Netherlands have witnessed a gradual disappearance of characteristically rural landscapes and a deterioration of biodiversity. Future developments will increase pressures on rural land use, making a policy framework to address these challenges only more pertinent. This comprehensive review of rural policy in the Netherlands examines the character of rural areas in the Netherlands and how they have evolved. It then examines rural policies and their decentralisation, rural land u

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. An Opportunity to Reduce Imbalances -- B. Policies to Increase Households' Disposable Income -- C. Policies to Reduce Households' Debt -- D. Policies to Support SMEs and Boost Business Investment -- E. Policies to Reduce Financial Sector Vulnerability -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. The 2019 Budget -- 2. Impact of Brexit on The Netherlands -- 3. Labor Market Flexibility and Wages -- FIGURES -- 1. Real Growth -- 2. Labor Market and Inflation -- 3. Fiscal Developments -- 4. Credit and Housing Market Conditions -- 5. Current Account Developments -- TABLES -- 1. Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2016-24 -- 2a. General Government Statement of Operations, 2016-24 (Percent of GDP) -- 2b. General Government Statement of Operations, 2016-24 (Billions of euros) -- 2c. General Government Integrated Balance Sheet, 2011-17 -- 3. External Sector, 2016-24 -- 4. Core Financial Soundness Indicators for Banks, 2011-18 -- 5. Labor Market Flexibility and Wages: Econometric Results -- ANNEXES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. External Sector Assessment -- III. Public Debt Sustainability Analysis -- IV. Past IMF Policy Recommendations -- V. FSAP Recommendations -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.