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Reaction through art, observed among the 20th century artistic movements, can result in artistic works in which animals are made the object of violence. The objections caused by these works sometimes make people question what art is and its value, and sometimes result in legal interventions. It is the forms of expression in contemporary art where idea gets ahead of physical production. In such an atmosphere, 'philosophy of art activities that question what art is' have become almost equivalent to artistic production. However, the controversial works make the concepts of ethics, law or public influence determine what art can or cannot be. In the background of all these developments, advances in the field of biology blurred the boundaries between animals and humans. After such developments, through which the anthropocentric thought system has lost its power, the position of animals in the system will also change. The reappraisal of animals will fundamentally affect the behavior of the human species towards them, undoubtedly. In such a system where the determinants of the concept of ethics are redefined, objectification of animals will not be ethical as before. In this regard, art can no longer be separated from other fields. When the determinant of the boundaries of art is a non-art field, the discussions within the field lose their meaning. This study aims to investigate the limits of contemporary art by examining the reactions to the selected examples of artists whose ways of including animals in their productions are criticized.

The mask, which is even older than the history of the theater, has been associated with the theater and has even become its symbol. In this study, it is explained how the mask was used for the first time, how it played a role in the historical process of the theater, what purpose and intention it was used for, and how it was used again with Contemporary theater after the period that we can call the "pause period of the mask". Starting with Classicism and making inferences about why masks were used less or not at all in the following periods, the reasons for the rediscovery of the mask in contemporary theater will be emphasized.

The Islamic intellectual thought of the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries has long been represented as an intellectual "decadence" or "sclerosis," due to the discourse of orientalists. In recent decades, however, researchers have sought to challenge the orientalist paradigm by highlighting the scholarly currents and vigorous discussions that characterized the period in question. As a direct critique of the narratives of either "decline" or "ignorance" that persist in Islamic intellectual historiography, Naser Dumairieh's recent book attempts to reveal the situation of rational and theoretical sciences in the Hijāz by focusing on the life and work of al-Kūrānī, the seventeenth-century Shāfi'ī hadith scholar, Sufi, and theologian. Following the footsteps of Khaled el-Roauyheb's influential book Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century, Dumairieh not only examines al-Kūrānī's ideas, but also offers a comprehensive glimpse into the intellectual life in contemporary Hijāz.

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 43-Cam ; Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/0101

Bu çalışmada, Orta Doğu gibi çatışmacı bir coğrafyada kendilerini seküler ve demokratik olarak tanımlayan ve bölgedeki Arap kimliğinden farklı etnik kökenlere sahip iki ülkenin ilişkileri AK Parti dönemi açısından ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada AK Parti dönemi Türkiye-İsrail ilişkileri üç bölümde değerlendirilmiştir. İlk bölümde, Yahudi tarihi ve Siyonizm hareketlerinden bahsedilerek, İsrail'in bugün Filistin topraklarında uyguladığı politikanın nedenlerine ışık tutulmak istenmiştir. Daha sonra 1945-2002 arası dönemde Türkiye'nin geleneksel güvenlikçi dış politikası ekseninde İsrail ile olan ilişkilere ve Filistin sorununa nasıl yaklaşıldığı açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, AK Parti'nin ilk yıllarında İsrail ile karşılıklı ziyaretlerden bahsedilerek ilişkilerin normal seyrindeyken karşılıklı söylemlerin nasıl geliştiği analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ayrıca Hamas iktidarına Türkiye'nin verdiği tepkiler ve 2006 Lübnan Savaşı ile 2007 Suriye-İsrail krizlerinde Türkiye'nin Ahmet Davutoğlu döneminde geliştirdiği pro-aktif diplomasi ve arabuluculuk gibi kavramların İsrail eksenindeki uygulama alanı anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü ve son bölüm ise krizler dönemi olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu bölümde Türkiye ve İsrail'in karşılıklı yaşadığı krizler ve İsrail'in Filistin konusunda attığı adımların Türk liderler ve Türk Dışişleri karar alıcılarının söylemleri bağlamında analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. ; In this study, we will investigate the relations between non-two Arab countries who define themselves as secular and democratic in an area full of conflict that is Middle East during AK Party Era. AK Party Turkey-Israel relations in the study period were evaluated in three parts. In the first chapter, Jewish history and Zionism movements are mentioned. It is aimed to shed light on the reasons behind Israeli response to Palestinian issue. Then, in the period between 1945-2002 approach towards the relationship with Israel and the Palestinian issue is explained based on Turkey's foreign policy as a traditional security guard. In the second part of the study, it is tried to be analyzed how mutual visits develops in the normal course of relations by mentioning mutual visits with Israel in the first years of AK Party. The second section has also attempted to describe the practice field at Hamas's response to Turkey's ruling and the 2006 Lebanon War and in 2007 the Syrian-Israeli crisis in Turkey's Ahmet Davutoglu period during which a pro-active diplomacy and mediation regarding the policy towards Israel has been developed. The third and the last part is named as the period of crises. In this chapter crises in Turkey and Israel's mutual relations and the steps taken by Israel on the Palestinian issue has tried to be analyzed in the discourse of Turkish leaders discourse and the Turkish foreign policy makers.

Siyasi du?şu?nceler tarihinin en tartışmalı isimlerinden biri olan Niccolo Machiavelli'nin siyasetanlayışında politik bir araç olarak aldatma ve bununla ilişkili olarak imaj, önemli bir işlev ve konumasahip bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Machiavellici siyaset teorisinin bu yönu? bağlamında, çağdaşAmerikan dış politikasının Machiavellici eğilimler taşıyıp taşımadığını tespit etmek u?zere, Amerikandış politikasının söylemsel inşasında Soğuk Savaş ve sonrası dönemde kullanılan söylemsel araçlar elealınmaktadır. Böylelikle Machiavelli'nin politik eyleme ilişkin göru?şlerinin gu?nu?mu?z du?nyasındakigeçerlilik du?zeyinin ve çağdaş siyasi olgu ve olayları anlama ve anlamlandırmada sunduğu imkânın dadeğerlendirilebileceği bir zemin elde edilmektedir. Çalışmada Irak Savaşı, söz konusu araçlar vasıtasıylaişletilen söylemsel mekanizmanın kullanım durumunun ve başarı performansının sınanacağı bir örnekolay olarak ele alınmaktadır. ; Deception as a political tool and image that concerns this occupy an important position and function in the political understanding of Niccolo Machiavelli, who is one of the most controversial figures in the history of political opinions. In this research, discursive tools used in the period of Cold War and its aftermath for the construction of discourse in American foreign policy will be explored in the context of the related sides of Machiavellian political theory in order to determine whether the contemporary American foreign policy carries Machiavellian tendencies. Therefore, it will be possible to evaluate the degree to which Machiavelli's opinions on political actions are valid in today's world and the opportunity they offer to understand and give meaning to the contemporary political facts and actions. In the research, Iraq War as a sample event will be treated to test the extent of using discursive mechanism being operated through tools under discussion and its success performance.

"This article/research that I translated from Hasan Hanefi examines, in terms of Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, the ancient Christianity throughout the history. While Hasan Hanefi, here, researched Christianity beliefs in the presence of Ancient Christians, on the one hand, he criticizes of it, on the other hand, from own viewpoint, aims for explanation of it. Hasan Hanefi, also here, compares the Christianity beliefs established by the institution of papacy with philosophies of his age in which includes schools like communism, socialism and existentialism. According to what Hasan Hanef said, Unamuno follow such a conclusion: the contemporary Christianity has lost that noble ore and effect arising from jesus son of mary, who is prominent with/stamped with the life, the dynamism and regeneration and the spritual ressurrection; whether individually or socially, it has become such a thing that loses it's effect and power on spirits. We also may said: Our author Hasan Hanefi, in terms of essence and nature of Christianity, make comparisons between the philosophies and trends of his age and philosophies that will come later and have an impact on humanity, especially on Europeans… After all this, definitely, he concludes such a result: Some philosophies is closer to, in it's essence and nature, the Christianity religion and the message of jesus, than the Christianity religion institutionalized throughout the history! and he maintains his explanations: that Christianity religion has lost, especially throughout scholastic ages, it's nature and divine character and, no matter where and when one lives, except a blind devotion, has become a mechanic belief ineffective on human sprit!."

Der rassistische Brandanschlag in Solingen jährt sich 2023 zum 30. Mal. Eine fachliche, gesellschaftspolitische und wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung ist bisher jedoch kaum erfolgt. Die Beiträger*innen ordnen die Geschehnisse und Zusammenhänge um den Mordanschlag kritisch ein und diskutieren seine Nachwirkungen und Folgen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven reflexiv. Neben zivilgesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Stimmen kommen auch Überlebende und Angehörige der Familie Genç sowie andere Betroffene rassistischer und extrem rechter Gewalt zu Wort.

This research aims to evaluate the developments in the recent history of the social studies course in Turkey (1998-2022) through the curricula. Since 1998, 2005, and 2018 social studies curricula and literature studies were used as data sources, the research conducted with the document analysis method. The data were evaluated by the thematic analysis method. At the end of the research, it was determined that the 1998 curriculum, which was first prepared with a behavioral approach, did not fully reflect the understanding of contemporary social studies. Secondly, the 2005 curriculum, which was prepared with a constructivist approach, emphasized individual identity instead of social identity, unlike the curricula prepared until that time. Furthermore, the 2005 curriculum brought many innovations such as learning strands, sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, values, activity recommendations, and assessment and evaluation elements that did not exist in previous curricula. Moreover, while sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, and activity recommendations were not included in the 2018 curriculum, some values were removed and some new values were added instead. Finally, it has been seen that the 2018 curriculum includes various competencies and literacy, unlike the 2005 curriculum. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the 2018 curriculum be updated in more detail to guide teachers.

Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı ; Dünya globelleşti. Her şey buna göre hesaplanıyor. Hatta dijital dünyadan bahsedenler var. Ekonomiler ve siyasal denklemlerde buna göre şekilleniyor. Ünlü İngiliz fizikçi Stephan Hawkin dünyanın geleceğini enerjisinin şekillendireceğini söylüyor. Haksızda değil. Biz bu çalışmada ülkemizin baştan sonra doğru cumhuriyet tarihimizdeki elektrik enerjisi gelişim tarihini incelemeğe çalıştık. İlginç verilere ulaştık. Ülkemizin ekonomisinin buna bağlı olduğunu gördük. Medeniyet yarışından kopmamasının da çok önemli olduğunu gördük. Hatalarımıza rağmen muaşir medeniyetler seviyesine doğru ilerlediğimize şahit olduk. Daha çok yolumuz var. Politikalarımız AB ile paralel yürüyor. İyi neticeler alıyoruz. Gerekçenin gerekse Hindistan'ın enerji dünyasında güçlü aktörler olarak girmesi de çok önemlidir. Ülkemizin elektrik enerjisi politikaları da güçlü aktörler olarak girmesi de çok önemlidir. Ülkemizin elektrik enerjisi politikaları da güncellenmelidir. Zaman kaybı ve verimsizliğe tahammülümüz yoktur. ; The world has become globalized. Everything is calculated according to this. There are even people talking about digital world. The economies and political balances are also shaped accordingly. The prominent British Physicist Stephen Hawking says that the future of the world is shaped by the energy. He is not wrong. In this study we have tried to examine the history of the electricity development in the history of our Republic from the beginning to the end. We have received interesting data. We have seen that the economy of our country depends on this We have seen that it is very important to continue the civilization competition. We have witnessed that we are progressing towards the level of contemporary civilizations despite our mistakes. There is much progress to be made. Our policies proceeds paralel with the European Union. We have achieved good results. It is also very important that both China and India should enter in the energy world as powerful actors. The electric energy policies of our country should be updated. We cannot tolerate any time loss and inefficiency.

History of Tatars settled in Grand Duchy of Lithuania is longer than 620 years. Tatars who came in this territory yet in XIV century have preserved their identity thanks to their religion – Islam. Newcomers' diaspora consisted of various tribes' representa tives, who lacking generic language used their native Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Kültür Araştırmaları dialect. Based on the historical sources, it is assumed that in the middle of XVI century most of the Tatars in Grand Duchy of Lithuania starts losing their native Tiurkish language and adopting Belorus sian, later Polish languages, using which they were writing religious and secular texts in Arabic characters. Military service, which led to leaving homes for a long period, scattered accommodation, mixed marriages with Christian women, those are the reasons which cause rapid decline of native language. Feeling the necessity to explain their most important religious dogmas, Tatars started to translate their religious literature. Tatar manuscripts based on the content are divided into Qur/ans, Tafsirs (Qur/an translation and commentary), Kitaps (books), Hamails (prayer books; despite the prayers in Hamails are plenty of folk art, tips for everyday life), Tegvids (rules of Qur an reading). Until now there has remained one of the oldest Kitabs - Kitab of Kazan (1645), stored in Kazan University. In this article will be reviewed content peculiarities of the Kitab of Kazan and its importance for Tatar studies

History of Tatars settled in Grand Duchy of Lithuania is longer than 620 years. Tatars who came in this territory yet in XIV century have preserved their identity thanks to their religion – Islam. Newcomers' diaspora consisted of various tribes' representa tives, who lacking generic language used their native Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Kültür Araştırmaları dialect. Based on the historical sources, it is assumed that in the middle of XVI century most of the Tatars in Grand Duchy of Lithuania starts losing their native Tiurkish language and adopting Belorus sian, later Polish languages, using which they were writing religious and secular texts in Arabic characters. Military service, which led to leaving homes for a long period, scattered accommodation, mixed marriages with Christian women, those are the reasons which cause rapid decline of native language. Feeling the necessity to explain their most important religious dogmas, Tatars started to translate their religious literature. Tatar manuscripts based on the content are divided into Qur/ans, Tafsirs (Qur/an translation and commentary), Kitaps (books), Hamails (prayer books; despite the prayers in Hamails are plenty of folk art, tips for everyday life), Tegvids (rules of Qur an reading). Until now there has remained one of the oldest Kitabs - Kitab of Kazan (1645), stored in Kazan University. In this article will be reviewed content peculiarities of the Kitab of Kazan and its importance for Tatar studies

Devletin çok eski çağlardan günümüze kadar çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir. Tarih boyunca ?devlet?i tanımlama çabası, siyasi düşünürlerin temel uğraşlarından biri olmuştur. Günümüz devlet anlayışının temelleri 1648 Westphalia Barışı ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu tarihten günümüze devletin ne olduğu sorusu ve günümüzdeki anlamıyla ulus-devleti oluşturan unsurların neler olması gerektiği üzerinde çeşitli görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Devletlerin sayısal olarak Westphalia Barışı'ndan bu yana artış gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Özellikle 20. yüzyıl bu artışın en çok görüldüğü dönem olmuştur. Bu dönemin başında imparatorlukların dağılması sonucu devlet sayısında önemli atışlar meydana gelmiş, 1945 yılından Soğuk Savaş'ın bitimine kadar olan dönemde ise dekolonizasyon süreci ile birlikte uluslararası sistemde devlet sayısı hızla artmıştır. Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesinin ardından sosyalist değerlerin dünyadaki prestijinin sarsılmasıyla birlikte bu savaştan galip çıkan liberal dünya değerleri uluslararası sistemin yapısını kökten değiştirmiştir. Demokrasi, insan hakları, liberal ekonomi politikaları artık hemen hemen tüm devletler tarafından olmazsa olmazlar arasına girmiştir. Soğuk Savaş sonrası totaliter ve sosyalist rejimlerin istenmediği ve bu gibi yönetimlerin devlet olma arzularının uluslararası toplum tarafından kabul görmediğini söyleyebiliriz. Yugoslavya farklı etnik kökenden halkları barındıran yapısıyla, Soğuk Savaş sonrası gelişmeler ve milliyetçi akımların tekrar yükselişe geçmesiyle birlikte parçalanarak uluslararası sistemde yeni devletlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş'ın galibi Batı, sosyalist rejimlerin yerine liberal değerleri benimsemiş rejimleri destekleyerek bu parçalanmaya katkıda bulunmuştur. Kosova'nın Yugoslavya'yı oluşturan diğer devletler gibi bağımsızlık yönündeki talebine Yugoslavya içindeki özel durum ileri sürülerek reddedilmiş ve uzun süre Kosova bağımsızlığını elde edememiştir. Kosova'nın 18 Şubat 2008 tarihinde Sırbistan'dan tek taraflı bağımsızlık ilanının ardından Soğuk Savaş sonrası devletlerin hangi şartlarda ortaya çıktığı tekrar sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. ; States are known to have occurred in various sorts since prehistoric times. Throughout the history, defining what state is has been one of the chief concerns of political philosophers. The fundamentals of today?s understanding of what state is dates back Westphalia Treaty in 1648. Since then, there have been several speculations over the question of what the state is and what the components of a nation-state should be. It is known that the number of states has increased since Westphalia Treaty. Particularly, this increase was seen in the period of the 20th century. At the beginning of this period, the number of states increased because of the collapse of empires, and in the period from 1945 onwards until the end of cold war, the number of states in international system increased dramatically within decolonization period. Following the cold war period with the collapse of the prestige of the socialist values in the world, liberal victorious war leaders of the world fundamentally changed the structure of international system. Democracy, human rights, liberal economic policies in almost all states by now had become the sine qua non. We can say that totalitarian and socialist regimes were not desired and that the desires of such governments were not accepted by international communities. With a structure of having peoples from different ethnic origins, Yugoslavia caused new states to emerge in international system because of the developments in postwar period and the rise of nationalist movements. West, the winner of the cold war, adopted the liberal values instead of the socialist regimes, contributing to this fragmentation by supporting them. Kosovo?s demand for independence like other states constituting Yugoslavia was rejected due to the claims that it had special status in Yugoslavia, and thus Kosovo was not able to declare its independence for a long time. Following the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo from Serbia on 8 February 2008, the conditions from which states emerged in postwar period were questioned again. ; Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP koordinatörlüğü tarafından 09203021 nolu YL tez projesi olarak desteklenmiştir

ÖZETMüzecilik, Halı Müzesi ve marka konusunun incelendiği bu çalışmada müzecilik konusundaki gelişmeler, değişimler, yeni yaklaşımlar ve markalaşma deneyimleri, Halı Müzesi örneğinden hareketle irdelenmektedir. Tarih boyunca kültürel mirasa çok önemli katkılarda bulunan müzecilik anlayışı, 21. yüzyıl dünyasında önemli bir eğitim ve iletişim kurumu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Müzeler, günümüzün devasa modern yaşam merkezleri gibi kentlerin en önemli sosyal çekim alanlarından biri olmuş durumdadırlar. Literatürde uluslararası anlaşmazlıkları çözüme kavuşturabilmenin başlıca yöntemi savaş veya diplomasidir. Diplomasi devletler arasındaki ilişkileri bir orkestra şefi titizliğiyle idare etme sanatıdır. Çok hızlı gelişen kitle iletişim vasıtaları ve dünyadaki küreselleşme süreci, 1990 öncesi Soğuk Savaş dö¬neminden çok farklı bir uluslararası sistem ortaya çıkarmıştır. Artık sadece devletlerin ve hükümetlerin değil, bunların yanında milli ve uluslararası sahada hükümet harici organizasyonların, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ve medyanın da etkili olduğu bir dünyada yaşanmaktadır. Kamu diplo-masisi çalışmaları içinde en etkili olan tekniklerden olan kültürel diplomasi daha kalıcı ve kesin sonuçlar elde edilmesi açısından önemlidir. Kültürel diplomasi, bir aktörün, kültürel kaynaklarını ve başarılarını ülke dı¬şına taşıyarak, uluslararası platformu yönetme girişimi olarak tanımlanabilir. Farklı toplumlarda kalıcı bir etki elde etmek büyük ölçüde kültürel diplomasinin aktif uygulamaları ile mümkündür. Bir ülkenin başka ülkeleri kültürel ögeleriyle etki altına alması anlamında kullanılan "yumuşak güç" sosyal bütünlük içerisinde kültürüyle diğer ülkeleri etkileyişini anlatan bir kavramdır. Günümüzde, uluslararası arenada kültürel miras, yumuşak güç kavramı içerisinde en etkin unsurlardan biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir.Bir tarafta kültüre ait kurumların en üst sırasında yer alan müzecilik anlayışı, diğer tarafta ise piyasa odaklı, sektörel bir terim olan markayı bir araya getirmek çok kolay olmasa da dünyada başarılı örnekleri görüldüğünden, ülkemizde Halı Müzesi çağdaş müzecilik anlamında gelişmeye açık bir konumdadır.ABSTRACTIn this study examining museology, the Carpet Museum and branding, the developments, changes, new approaches in and branding experiences of museums are examined through the example of the Carpet Museum. The concept of museology, which has made very important contributions to cultural heritage throughout the history, emerges as an important educational and communication institution in the 21st century. Museums, just like the gigantic and modern urban living centers of today, have become one of the most important social attractions of cities. The main method in the literature for solving international disagreements is war or diplomacy. Diplomacy is the art of manipulating relations between states with an orchestra chief's meticulousness. The rapidly developing mass media and the globalization process in the world have created an international system that is very different from the pre-1990s Cold War era. Today, a world, where not only the states and governments but also national and international non-governmental and civil society organizations and the media are influential, exists. Cultural diplomacy, one of the most effective techniques in public diplomacy work, is important in terms of obtaining more permanent and precise results. Cultural diplomacy can be defined as an actor's attempt to lead the international platform by carrying its cultural resources and achievements out of the country. Achieving a lasting impact in different societies is to a great extent possible with the active application of cultural diplomacy. A concept that is defined as a country's influencing other countries with its cultural elements, "soft power" is a concept that tells about a country's socially cohesive cultural impact on others. Today, cultural heritage is regarded as one of the most effective elements within the scope of the concept of soft power in the international arena.While it is not easy to bring together the concept of museology on the one hand, which is located at the top of cultural institutions, and a sector-oriented term, branding on the other hand, since successful examples are witnessed around the world, the Carpet Museum in Turkey is in an open to development position in the sense of contemporary museology.