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"The Memoirs of Jafar Pasha Al-Askari shed a vivid light on the early days of Arab nationalism and on the creation of modern Iraq in the 1920s and 1930s, as experienced by one of the prime movers of Iraqi independence. They provide a timely reminder of the all but insuperable obstacles to be overcome in building an open Iraqi state, and add much fuel to the ongoing debate about the Arabs' quest to shape their own political destiny." "Born in Mosul in 1885, Jafar Al-Askari played a colourful part in the events that led to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Physically large and courageous, with a sharp intellect, a talent for languages, and a jovial and commanding personality, he was sent for military training in Germany before the War, and was rapidly recognised by the Young Turks as a gifted military commander." "He was however also strongly drawn to the Arab nationalist ideas then current, and the consistent theme of his career was his intense Arab patriotism. As one of the youngest generals in the Ottoman Army, he led the Sanusi regular forces in Cyrenaica in 1915-16. His capture by the British and incarceration in Cairo led to an abortive - and comical - escape attempt, and also to cordial relations with various British officers, among them T. E. Lawrence. In Cairo he realised that the Arab cause might best be served by Sharif Hussain of Makkah's revolt against Ottoman rule, then getting under way with British support. He was released in March 1917 to take command of the Arab regular forces fighting under the Amir Faisal bin Hussain (later King Faisal I of Iraq) in the Hijaz." "Jafar describes his leading role in the Arab Revolt at length. His achievement was to shape and inspire an effective force of Arab regulars to form the core of Amir Faisal's army. Co-operating with Lawrence and the bedouin irregulars, they disrupted Turkish communications along the desert flank of Allenby's northward advance through Palestine. By the end of the War Jafar had accomplished the rare feat of having been decorated by both the Germans and the British." "In 1919, Faisal appointed Jafar Military Governor of Aleppo. He became one of the first members of the new Iraqi government under the British Mandate, and spent the remainder of his life serving his King and country as Prime Minister (twice), Minister of Defence (five times), and Iraqi Minister in London, where he also found time to be called to the Bar (at Gray's Inn)." "Jafar Pasha was assa ...

The economic appraisal of mechanical pollination of date palm was carried out in Iraq during the season, 1984-85. It was found that the mechanical pollination has reduced the cost of production by about 50 %, also the loss in pollen was reduced, and an increase in date palm production was as well achieved. (DÜI-Sdt)

Discusses scholars appreciation of the book Durar al-sanīyah fī al-ajwibah al-Najdīyah by ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad Ibn Qāsim; Apologetic work for Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, 1703 or 4-1792 and Wahhābīyah against the polemics found in the book Dāʻiyah wa-laysa nabīyan by Ḥasan ibn Farḥān al-Mālikī

The present document contains the texts related to the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, the Executive Council, the Commission and the Permanent Representatives Committee as requested by the Lusaka Summit. These texts are the syn thesis of the outcome of the brainstorming session held on 13 and 14 October and chaired by myself, the informal briefing session of the European and Ethiopian Experts, the internal discussion within the two Sub-Committees were I set up and which were co-chaired by the Assistant-Secretaries General, the deliberations of the meeting of the Coordination Committee which I chaired on 23 and 24 November and in which the Assistant-Secretaries General, the Directors of different Department, the Heads of Division, the Legal Counsel and all the consultants working in the General Secretariat participated. This document is, therefore, the sum total of the successive value added of the above-mentioned meetings. By submitting it for consideration to the representatives of Member States, I am confident that it will be given the greatest attention.