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Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

The growing human population inevitably entails various challenges associated with the deteriorating ecological situation, decline in public health, depletion of natural resources, increasing the cost of non-renewable energy sources, and food supply problems. Solutions are found via new pharmacological and medical preparations and technologies, food and feed additives and alternative energy sources. The paper briefly overviews the current biotechnologies of using microalgae in the food industry, agriculture and aquaculture, medicine and power production, describes the related technological and economic problems and their practical solutions implemented in the EU countries. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE

Viewing global trends and changes that take place in security architecture of Asia-Pacific region, the careful attention is drawn by one of the world largest economic powers, the European Union (EU). The soft power policy of the EU is strongly associated with making economic and financial decisions. However, it is questionable whether the EU has enough potential to influence security policy, especially in such geographically distant regions as Asia and Pacific in which the USA and China are key actors in defence and security. The regional environment and ways of security issues decision-making are analyzed in the paper. The reasons that compound security policy-making for the EU in the region are outlined. Regional treaties and institutions of contemporary security structure are evaluated. The EU potential and major directions of the EU external policies in the region are illustrated. Some opportunities of collaboration in regional security are revealed for the EU and regional middle powers. ; На фоне глобальных процессов и изменений, происходящих в архитектуре безопасности АТР, особое внимание привлекает такой крупный экономический блок, как Европейский союз. Политика «мягкой силы» ЕС прочно ассоциируется с принятием решений в области экономики и финансов, однако имеет ли ЕС потенциал влияния на политику безопасности, особенно в таком удаленном от Европы регионе, как АТР, при участии США и Китая, крупных игроков в сфере обороны и безопасности. В статье анализируется обстановка в регионе и тенденции в решении вопросов обеспечения региональной безопасности. Выявлены причины, осложняющие для Евросоюза реализацию политики безопасности в регионе. Анализируется договорная и институциональная база современной структуры региональной безопасности. Представлен потенциал ЕС и основные направления, по которым ЕС осуществляет внешнеполитическую деятельность в регионе. Оценивается возможность сотрудничества ЕС и средних держав региона по вопросам обеспечения безопасности

This article focuses on the stages of development of the Eastern Partnership project, the European Union (EU) foreign policy strategy towards it and the role of Russia as a political competitor of the EU in the region. With the help of analyzing key documents that define the goals and objectives of the Eastern Partnership from the moment of its creation up to today, the features of the project initiative's way of development and the degree of the EU's involvement into political and economic processes of the Partnership states are pointed out. The research allows to clarify and evaluate the political background for the changes in the EU strategy towards the Partnership states and the principal incentives for the widening of cooperation within its framework. The main conclusion of the research is that the Eastern Partnership has grown in importance for the EU over time, especially since 2014, when the EU started to view Eastern Europe as one of the principal areas of influence and Russia as a direct competitor. The project has begun to include more and more spheres of political and economic cooperation, placing an emphasis on energy security, economic aid, and the development of civil society via European "soft power".

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Goodpharmacovigilance practices (GVP), developed by experts of the regulatory bodiesof the European Union (EU) and the United States. It is shown that the EU GVP cover almost all possible aspects of pharmacovigilance. It is noted that the disadvantages of EU GVP are difficulties in the correct understanding and interpretation of certain definitions and processes, as well as the complexity of the implementation in practice of a number of provisions, mainly related to the organization of the quality management system, including audit and inspection. As the basis for development of the Russian Rules GVP is recommended to use the GVP EU ; В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа Надлежащей практики фармаконадзора (GVP), разработанной экспертами регуляторных органов Европейского Союза (EU) и США. Показано, что GVP EU охватывают практически все возможные аспекты фармаконадзора. Отмечено, что недостатками GVP EU являются затруднения в правильном понимании и трактовке некоторых определений и процессов, а также сложности реализации на практике ряда положений, преимущественно касающихся организации системы менеджмента качества, включая аудит и инспекционные проверки. В качестве основы для разработки отечественных Правил GVP рекомендовано использование GVP EU

The handbook contains teaching materials for the courses developed by Nizhnevartovsk State University's teaching staff within the framework of Jean Monnet Modules implementation. The projects were supported in 2016. International scientific and educational activity is one of the most important indicators of higher educational institutions effective work in Russia. The necessary scientific and educational basis for international grant implementation projects has been created in Nizhnevartovsk State University (NVSU). Following the results of the 2nd Erasmus+ competition within the framework of Jean Monnet Activities, scientific and methodical seminar was held, at which teaching materials' presentations of supported Jean Monnet Module projects were submitted: - The European Union Social Policy. Academic coordinator: Lala Yakubova. - Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union. Academic coordinator: Denis Pogonishev, Irina Pogonisheva. The courses are implemented with the financial support of the European Commission in the framework of supported Jean Monnet Modules: The European Union Social Policy, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE and Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. The content of this material reflects the authors' opinion; the European Commission is not responsible for the use of the information contained therein. Курсы осуществляются при финансовой поддержке Европейской комиссии в рамках поддерживаемых модулей Жана Монне: Социальная политика Европейского союза, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE и Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека: Опыт Европейского Союза, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. Работа программа для курса « Окружающая среда и здоровье человека: опыт ЕС » разработана в рамках модуля Жана Моне « Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека : Опыт Европейского Союза », 574826- EPP -1-2016-1- RU - EPPJMO - МОДУЛЬ . Этот курс является частью учебных ...

The authors discuss the natural water quality management aimed at meeting the needs of the Russian population in drinking water of the European quality standard. Water is the basis for human body functioning. The paper considers the EU experience of continuous, guaranteed clean water supply. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE.

The water consumed by humans should have no negative impact on their health. In 1998, the European Council adopted Directive 98/83/EC of3 November 3, 1998, on the quality of water intended for human consumption, aimed at protecting public health. The directive considers the standards for drinking water and the conditions for providing the EU population with clean and healthy water. Clean drinking water supply is inextricably related to the state of surface water. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union, which entered into force on December 22, 2000, addresses the issues of establishing a framework for protecting all waters (inland surface water, transitional, coastal and groundwater). This EU Directive considers both chemical aspects of water protection, and also its environmental aspects, such as flow regime, composition and abundance of aquatic organisms. EU countries pay much attention to surface water monitoring and related studies. Surface water monitoring requirements are different in different EU countries and may even vary within one country. Considerable monitoring efforts were made as part of Eurowaternet, or Eionet. For transboundary waters, a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe manual was issued. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE Содержание данного материала отражает мнение авторов, Европейская Комиссия не несет ответственности за использование содержащейся в нем информации

The article deals with the features of contemporary political development of Serbia, including the main areas of cooperation with the European Union (EU). Since the early 2000s the strategic priority of the country's foreign policy is participation in the European integration process, which is accompanied by support of consistent and pragmatic relations with the other key partners, primarily with Russia. The principle of multi-vector foreign policy has been developed since the fi rst half of the 2010s, but its use is treated with the lack of uniqueness by different social strata and political movements. Mechanisms of acceleration or slowing down the integration process are used by offi cial Brussels depending on the current aims and political conjuncture (for example, to weaken Russian infl uence in the country and in the region). However, despite the success achieved on the path to the EU accession and the favorable dynamics of negotiation process, the level of support of pro-European policy has been decreasing in Serbian society since the end of the 2000s. The main challenges of the near future, in addition to the growth of euroscepticism, include problems of institutional harmonization with the EU and the compliance with the Copenhagen criteria, the enforcement of the Brussels agreement with Pristina, as well as maintaining of balanced foreign policy.

The article attempts to econometric modeling of the influence of a complex of factors on the volume and dynamics of the economies of the member States of the European Union, taking into account their differentiation. The main results of the author's research are as follows. First, the fundamental coincidence of trends in the EU GDP dynamics with global trends and the presence of a strong negative impact on this dynamics of the global crisis of the late 2000s have been established. Secondly, it is once again confirmed that there is a significant differentiation between the founding States of the EU and the countries that joined it after 1990, expressed in a significant excess of macroeconomic indicators of the first group of countries of similar indicators of the second group. Thirdly, the difference between the combinations of factors influencing economic development in the two groups of EU countries is revealed, which once again testifies to the bloc nature of the EU structure.

With the use of the analytical works of the prominent Belgian researcher Sven Biscop, the article examines the main topics of discussion regarding changes in the global strategy of the European Union. EU foreign policy has been associated with the concept of "normative power", which is seen as a kind of European "soft power". Due to the influence of the global governance crisis, the COVID pandemic, the shift of USA geopolitical interests from Europe to Asia, China's great-power policy, Russia's geopolitical ambitions and other challenges, EU researchers and politicians are raising questions aimed at changing the strategic culture in order to ensure the primacy of EU vital interests. S. Biscop believes that while developing a new global strategy, it is necessary to turn to the traditions of geopolitics to be ready to protect interests and democratic values with the use of "hard power" both internally and externally. Strategic autonomy is a promising task for the further building of the EU. under the instruction of the European Commission, the work has begun on the creation of a new political and strategic document "Strategic Compass", its goals include defining the EU targets in the field of security, defense, and identification of threats. The discussion of a new global strategy outlines a trajectory for the transformation of the European Union into a global "Third Pole". Sven Biscop's recommendations show that shaping a new global strategy will require a revision of the concept of "normative power" and turning closer to geopolitical realism. © 2021 Institute of Europe Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

В статье проанализирован процесс формирования институциональной структуры Европейского союза, раскрыт механизм функционирования ЕС как самостоятельного субъекта международных отношений, исследованы функции и полномочия институтов и основных органов ЕС. Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с подписанием Конституции ЕС, выявлены принципиальные нововведения, предлагавшиеся данным документом и причины провала его ратификации. Автором проведен анализ Договора о реформе Европейского союза (Лиссабонского договора), который призван заменить собой нератифицированную Конституцию ЕС и способствовать выходу Европейского союза из институционального кризиса. = The process of the formation of institutional structure of the European Union is analysed, the mechanism of the EU functioning as an independent actor of international relations is revealed, the functions and powers of the EU institutions and main bodies are investigated in the article. Questions related to signing of the EU Constitution are considered, principal innovations of the document and the reasons for the failure of its ratifi cation are identifi ed. The author analyses the EU Reform treaty (Lisbon treaty), which aims at substituting the unratifi ed EU Constitution and contributing to the EU coming out of institutional crisis.

This work analyzes the European algological studies assessing the state of surface waters and considers the effect algae make on human life and health. Most EU countries use surface water assessment techniques based on macrophytes and phytobenthos. ; "Interaction of Environment and Human Health: Experience of the European Union", with the reference number 2016-2592 / 001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.