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En este ensayo se realiza un análisis acerca de las principales y nuevas tendencias que hoy caracterizan la organización del mercado de trabajo y la demanda de nuevos perfiles profesionales, en el marco de la globalización económica y de la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento. Se analiza, a tal efecto, la propuesta pedagógica del enfoque por competencias que, desde hace al menos dos décadas, ha sido impulsada y promovida por parte de autoridades de gobierno, las instituciones del mercado de trabajo, algunas instituciones de educación superior y, también, de manera especial por organismos multilaterales tales como el Banco Mundial y la Unión Europea. Con base en los estudios publicados por dos reconocidos especialistas en el campo del currículum, el análisis procura identificar la naturaleza del enfoque por competencias, su heurística y teleología pedagógica, así como las repercusiones que acarrea para el proyecto de formación profesional en una institución de educación superior. El ensayo se ocupa, asimismo, en indicar la relación que existe entre el enfoque por competencias y los cambios de perspectiva que la globalización económica y la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento involucran, a propósito de la concepción del conocimiento y de la relación e implicaciones que esta tiene para la educación, en materia de organización curricular y de perspectivas pedagógicas. This essay analysis about the principal and new tendencies that characterize the Labour Market Organization and the demand of the new professional profiles; all this in the context of economy globalization and society of information and knowledge. It discusses, for the purpose, the pedagogical proposal of skill approaches, in which at least in two decades has been driven and promoted by government authorities, labour market institutions, some higher education institutions and also, in a special level, the multilateral agencies such as World Bank and European Union. Based on studies published by two prestigious specialists in the curriculum field, the analysis seeks to identify the nature of skill approach, its heuristic and educational teleology, as well as, the impact that the project of professional training encloses in a higher education institution. The essay also deals with the relation between the competence approach and the perspective of changing that the economy globalization and the society of information and knowledge involves, and it has to deal with the knowledge conception, the relationship it implies for education, in curricular organization, and the pedagogical approaches.

The French Union of Journalists which had been constituted in 1918 drew up, in the early part of 1933, a Professional Statute in which there were to be found those labor rights that French journalists had long been fighting for in vain against the patrons of the French press. The Statute was presented as a bill in the Chamber of Deputies and became Law on March 29th, 1935, thanks to the brilliant preparation and defense carried out by Emile Brachard. One of the articles of the French law lays down the groundrules by which journalists can break away from the contract and the newpaper to which they had formerly been bound, alleging reasons of conscience, and still receive indemnization equal to that to which they would have been entitled had they been fired unjustly. This conscience clause -which is so extraordinary from the point of view of labor legislation- already existed in other European countries. In this respect. Italy provided at the same time both the oldest and most complete antecedents. Between 1935 and the present, the conscience clause as it applies to French journalists has been exercised frequently and with very few problems. The author estimates that the total number of cases add up to around two thousand, out of which only a few dozen had to be settled in court. The sentences dictated have in fact widened the scope of the clause's application and made it to include al/ the intellectual staft employed by any publication and -in one case- the publication itself against one of its own editors. Today the conscience clause is held by French journalists to be an incomplete solution to a problem which greatly exceeds the scope contemplated by the authors of the 1935 Law. What is sought today is the true participation of the entire editorial staft in the publication's decision making process. There does not exist in Spain any conscience clause but journalists are at the present moment pushing very hard in its favor. The author of this article examines the possible ways by which it could be recognized in this country, either from the starting point of already-existing legislation or else through its inclusion in a Statute on Information, in his opinion, the latter seems to be the most suitable of the possibilities examined. Final/y, as an annex to the text, the author includes the entire brief of the famous report drawn up and defended by Deputy Brachard. Thanks to his highly reasoned and extremely documented exposition,. this brief was one of the essential elements which led to the approval of the French Statute as Law in 1935.