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Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- The Report Team -- Executive Summary -- State-owned Monopolies Often Exhibited Poor Performance ... -- . . .Leading to a New Model for Financing and Providing Infrastructure -- The New Model Poses Risks-But Also Holds Considerable Promise -- What Effects Have Reforms Had? -- Developing Good Regulation Remains a Major Challenge -- Many Prices and Subsidies Still Require Reform -- An Agenda for Action-From Institution Building to Policymaking -- 1. The New Paradigm for Network Utilities -- Why Are Network Utilities So Important? -- From State to Market-Changing Views on Utilities -- The Dawn of a New Utility Model -- Framework for Assessing Reforms and Regulations -- Recent Experiences with Privatization and Reform-Promises and Perils -- Second Generation Reforms-Choices and Challenges -- 2. Crafting Regulation for Privatized Infrastructure -- The Emergence of Post-Privatization Regulation -- The Evolution and Elements of Effective Regulation -- The Structure of Regulatory Institutions -- The Importance of Regulatory Commitment -- Getting the Economics Right -- Mechanisms to Regulate Prices -- Moving toward More Practical Regulation -- 3. Restructuring Electricity Supply -- Background to Electricity Reform -- Addressing the Problems of State Ownership -- Regulatory Challenges -- Reform Experiences and Lessons -- 4. Managing Private Participation in Transportation -- Railroads: Restructuring Regulation for the Public Interest -- Ports: Alternatives for Organizing a Multiproduct Activity -- 5. Reforming the Water Sector -- Economics of Water Supply -- Options for Competition and Market Structure -- Choosing Regulation -- Reform Experiences and Lessons -- 6. An Agenda for Action -- Assessing Reform's Effects on Performance and Distribution -- Pricing Reform-Balancing Efficiency and Equity.

"October 1994." ; Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Water Resources Support Center, Institute for Water Resources. ; At head of title: Federal Infrastructure Strategy Program. ; Final report. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Contents -- 0: Reader's Guide -- 0.1 ENRICHING AND UPDATING INFORMATION -- 0.1.1 Current Periodicals -- 0.1.2 Basic References -- 0.1.3 Statistical Collection -- 0.1.4 Electronic Sources -- 0.1.5 Abstracting Services and Indexes -- 0.2 DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE COURSE -- 0.2.1 Instructor's Guide -- 0.2.2 Student's Guide -- 0.3 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 GENERAL REMARKS -- 1.2 THE CHEMICAL PROCESSING INDUSTRIES -- 1.2.1 Definition -- 1.2.2 The Purpose of a Firm -- 1.3 THE ROLE OF THE CHEMICAL PROFESSIONAL IN THE CPI -- REFERENCES -- PROBLEMS -- 2: Basic Economics -- 2.1 ECONOMICS OF THE CONSUMER -- 2.1.1 Consumer Demand Curve -- 2.1.2 Determination of Total Market Demand -- 2.2 ECONOMICS OF THE FIRM -- 2.2.1 Determining Cost of Production -- 2.2.2 Optimizing a Firm's Profit -- 2.2.3 Developing a Supply Curve -- 2.3 ECONOMICS OF A NATION -- REFERENCES -- NOTATIONS -- PROBLEMS -- 3: Accounting and Financial Statements -- 3.1 ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS AND CONVENTIONS -- 3.1.1 Debits and Credits -- 3.1.2 Data Recording -- 3.1.3 The General Journal -- 3.1.4 The Ledger -- 3.2 JOURNAL AND LEDGER EXAMPLE -- 3.3 FINANCIAL REPORTS -- 3.3.1 The Balance Sheet -- 3.3.2 The Income Statement -- 3.3.3 Accumulated Retained Earnings -- 3.3.4 Changes in Financial Position -- 3.3.5 Independent Accountants' Certification -- 3.3.6 Relationship Between the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement -- 3.3.7 The 10K Report -- 3.4 FINANCIAL RATIOS -- 3.4.1 Liquidity Ratios -- 3.4.2 Leverage Ratios -- 3.4.3 Activity Ratios -- 3.4.4 Profitability Ratios -- 3.4.5 Economic Value Added -- 3.4.6 Other Financial Information -- 3.4.7 ZScores -- 3.5 A FINANCIAL RATIO EXAMPLE -- 3.5.1 The Problem -- 3.5.2 The Solution -- 3.6 SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- PROBLEMS -- 4: Input-Output Analysis

Intro -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Summary -- 2 Introduction -- 3 Clarifying the Objectives of Fiscal Support -- 4 Considering Policy Options Other Than Fiscal Support -- 5 Identifying the Instruments of Fiscal Support -- 6 Comparing the Cost of Different Instruments -- 7 Comparing the Accuracy of Different Instruments -- 8 Narrowing Down the Choice by Considering Transparency and Targeting -- 9 Improving Institutions for Decisionmaking -- 10 Concluding Remarks -- Annex: Valuing Revenue Guarantees and Variable Subsidies -- References -- BOXES -- FIGURES -- TABLES.