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Sustained mass media campaigns have been recommended to stem the tobacco epidemic in the United States. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to estimate the effect of awareness of a national smoking cessation media campaign (EX®) on quit attempts and cessation-related cognition. Participants were 4,067 smokers and recent quitters aged 18–49 in targeted U.S. media markets. Controlling for potential confounders through PSM and regression analysis, confirmed awareness of EX was not significantly associated with either outcome at 6-month follow-up. Matched analyses excluding 217 quitters resulted in a significant effect of EX on both outcomes.

The problem of inadequate media representation of disabled people has been changed in recent years by social media, owing to which disabled people can gain at least partial control over their image in public space and thus influence how non-disabled people see them. The article aims to discuss the results of the research on how disabled people use social media to create their image and how this image is different from the one present in traditional media. The study used a qualitative content analysis of the most popular Instagram profiles created by disabled people and addressing disability-related issues. The analysis shows that disabled Instagram users create their image effectively and actively, and the portrayal that emerges from their narratives differs significantly from the dominant ways of presenting disabled people in the mass media, i.e. as "victims" and "supercrips".

This research focused on empirical connections between third-person effects and media orientations - general beliefs about news and characteristic uses of the news media. The study examined the contributions of three groups of independent variables, including political factors, media schemas, and media use, to third-person effects. Results of regression analyses suggest that each of the three groups of variables is modestly related to the magnitude of third-person effects, but none individually has great predictive power or necessarily alters third-person effects in a given news scenario. Finally, the mechanisms by which different variables influence the magnitude of third-person effects clearly vary. Overall, the results suggest only modest connections between individual differences in media orientations and the tendency to exhibit third- person effects.

ABSTRAK Penulisan artikel jurnal ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi daripada pengaturan tentang perlindungan hukum bagi anak di Indonesia dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak sebagai korban tindak pidana pemerkosaan dari sorotan pemberitaan media massa. Adapun penggunaan daripada metode penulisan dalam penulisan ini adalah jenis metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan tentang perlindungan hukum bagi anak di Indonesia dapat dilihat pada Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2003 tentang Perlindungan Anak yang mengatur mengenai Perlindungan khusus yang diberikan bagi anak yang menjadi korban tindak pemerkosaan itu benar-benar berhubungan dengan pemberian perlindungan jadi diri atau identitas si anak dari sorotan media massa. Upaya yang bisa diusahakan oleh pemerintah untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada anak korban dari tindak pidana pemerkosaan adalah dengan memberikan rehabilitasi, pemberian perlindungan untuk menghindari labelisasi, pemberian jaminan keselamatan dan keamanan, dan pemberian aksesibilitas untuk mengetahui perkembangan perkara bagi anak. Kata Kunci: Anak, Media Massa, Perlindungan Korban, Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan. ABSTRACT The writing of this journal article aims to understand the implementation rather than regulation of legal protection for children in Indonesia and government policies in providing protection for children as victims of the crime of rape from the spotlight of mass media coverage. The use of the writing method in this paper is a type of normative legal research method with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that the regulation of legal protection for children in Indonesia can be seen in Law Number 23 of 2003 concerning Child Protection which regulates the special protection given to children who are victims of rape. identity of the child from the spotlight of the mass media. Efforts that can be made by the government to provide legal protection to child ...

Corruption cases are increasingly recurring in the Hispanic American press. The present article studies, from the standpoint of the interpretative responsibility of journalism, the editorial framework of one of the leading newspapers in Spain. From a qualitative methodology such as Discourse Analysis, this paper responds to the objective of "analyzing the media treatment of political corruption in Spain, through the analysis of the headlines of El País and El Mundo (newspapers with the highest circulation and the largest number of readers in the country)." Among the results, it is worth highlighting a personalization of the treatment of processes and events of corruption, omission responsibilities by the power structures, as well as some editorial bias as regards the nominalization of the different political parties involved in the current topics covered. The main conclusion of this research is the urgent need to encourage a type of press that favors an interpretative contribution, which allows citizenship to understand and comprehend corruption. ; Los casos de corrupción son cada vez más recurrentes en la prensa hispanoamericana. El presente artículo estudia, desde el prisma de la responsabilidad interpretativa del periodismo, el encuadre noticioso y editorial de uno de los diarios referente en España. A partir del Análisis del Discurso (AD), esta investigación ha respondido al objetivo de analizar el discurso mediático sobre la corrupción política en España, por medio de la exploración de los titulares de El País y El Mundo, los dos diarios con mayor tirada y número de lectores en España. Entre los resultados cabe destacar una personalización del tratamiento de los procesos y eventos de corrupción, una des-responsabilización de las estructuras de poder, así como cierto sesgo editorial respecto a la nominalización de los diferentes partidos políticos implicados en los temas de actualidad cubiertos. La conclusión fundamental del estudio es la necesidad urgente de incentivar un tipo de prensa que favorezca un aporte interpretativo de calidad en la ciudadanía ante los casos de corrupción. ; European Research Council

This study deals with an analysis of the political affair in Czech Social Democratic Party. Politician M. Hašek and his colleagues refused to confess to their meeting with the president, which occurred immediately after the parliamentary elections in autumn 2013. The qualitative analysis of mass media texts is based on the combination of three analytical tools — concepts of media dialogical network, structured immediacy, and an apparatus of membership categorization analysis. The fact that the call for the resignation of the party's leader B. Sobotka was linked to the secret meeting with the president after the election resulted in the description of the event as a coup. In contrast, politicians accused of coup organization claimed that the call was a spontaneous reaction on the party's election results. Mass media labeled M. Hašek a liar and subsequently his rivals asked him and his colleagues to resign. The interpretation of their resignation was also twofold — according to Sobotka and his supporters, they were accepting their responsibility for crisis in the party, while Hašek's group declared that they were responding to the election results. The accused politicians used historical parallels from undemocratic eras of the Czech history in order to delineate the mass media campaign against them, while the party's leader and his supporters considered the event to be a part of their recent aim to gain power in the party. Sequential and categorization aspects of interaction appear to be closely connected in observed media dialogical network. Describing the event as a coup or rejecting it actually simultaneously reflected a conflict between the different perspectives on the sequence of actions. In addition, participants from both sides deepened their membership categorization by highlighting relevant historical antecedents. The mass media were also actively involved in the "crystallization" of the affair. ; 86 ; 106

This study deals with an analysis of the political affair in Czech Social Democratic Party. Politician M. Hašek and his colleagues refused to confess to their meeting with the president, which occurred immediately after the parliamentary elections in autumn 2013. The qualitative analysis of mass media texts is based on the combination of three analytical tools — concepts of media dialogical network, structured immediacy, and an apparatus of membership categorization analysis. The fact that the call for the resignation of the party's leader B. Sobotka was linked to the secret meeting with the president after the election resulted in the description of the event as a coup. In contrast, politicians accused of coup organization claimed that the call was a spontaneous reaction on the party's election results. Mass media labeled M. Hašek a liar and subsequently his rivals asked him and his colleagues to resign. The interpretation of their resignation was also twofold — according to Sobotka and his supporters, they were accepting their responsibility for crisis in the party, while Hašek's group declared that they were responding to the election results. The accused politicians used historical parallels from undemocratic eras of the Czech history in order to delineate the mass media campaign against them, while the party's leader and his supporters considered the event to be a part of their recent aim to gain power in the party. Sequential and categorization aspects of interaction appear to be closely connected in observed media dialogical network. Describing the event as a coup or rejecting it actually simultaneously reflected a conflict between the different perspectives on the sequence of actions. In addition, participants from both sides deepened their membership categorization by highlighting relevant historical antecedents. The mass media were also actively involved in the "crystallization" of the affair.

Media has also been used as psychological warfare and a propaganda tool, particularly during times of wars and acts of insurgency. It has been used as a tool while fighting the wars and boosting the morale of the security forces across the nations. Propaganda, although it has existed almost indefinitely, has grown immensely during the past few centuries as a most strategic tool to guard the strategic interests of the nations. The propaganda was bolstered by the invention of the radio. The ability to communicate orally with a large number of people in a very small amount of time also helped the development of propaganda. This form of mass media has been used as the most effective tool with the government agencies to put forth their news and views. Radio has strategically suited governments across the globe to fight psychological wars by airing propaganda into the territories of the neighbouring countries. Since Radio is affordable and speaks in a local language and customs to a very common man, it has definitely an edge over other formats of communication when it comes to the question of guarding the strategic interests of a nation. This research discusses and deals with the strategic interests and the media and how radio has especially been used worldwide as a tool by a number of countries to safeguard their national interests. This chapter touches upon some theories and elements of propaganda, the use of radio during world wars and how countries guarded their strategic interests in the Cold War and Post-Cold War era.

Editors of academic journals make general statements about criteria for accepting submissions, but more specific advice is often needed. What are the standards for history manuscripts in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, especially now that its documentation style is being changed to American Psychological Association (APA)? The journal's history articles are useful examples of how to set substantial purposes and present perceptive interpretations. As they contribute to knowledge, such studies can stimulate thought about human experience and possibilities.

An examination of the centrality of TV-based modes of democratic electioneering in the US since the 1950s as a new form of mass politics. By investigating the production & consumption of images, tied to charismatic candidates, the analysis suggests that TV forms the new public spaces of political interaction, rather than the still declining political parties, in information-based, advanced capitalist societies. The use of the new technical means of electioneering during the 1980 & 1984 presidential campaigns is discussed, focusing on media strategies, polling, political advertising, & political action committees. Modified AA