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The paper deals with a research of Tort law school development in St. Volodymyr's University – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The purpose of the research is to analyse the development of the Tort law school and to study the main trends and key directions of the development. The author applied lots of different research methods, among which were historical and legal method (for the analysis of the works from the past), analysis and synthesis (for stating the peculiarities of the research approaches in different studies' periods). Also, such methods as philosophy methods (dialectic and hermeneutic), general research methods (systemic and structural-functional), general logic methods (induction and deduction, analogy, abstraction, generalization, formalization, and modelling) were used.
The topic of civil torts was interesting for the researchers from Kyiv University law school any time while the depth of interest and research approaches differed depending on the historical period. Before the revolution of 1917 the researchers mostly looked on the torts as on the type of civil obligation and the reward for damage caused. No one treated the torts from the standpoint of a type of civil liability at that time. The Soviet period of the Tort law School development was characterized by a change of the research vector. The researchers started focusing on civil torts as liability rather than civil obligations. Tort liability is a type of civil liability and the latter is a type of legal liability. That causes a regime when the researchers (some well-known names of that time are: Gennadiy Matveev, Yuriy Matveev, Dina Bobrova, Yaroslavna Shevchenko etc.) mostly analyse civil tort as a civil liability. They focused their attention on the foundations and the conditions of tort liability. Precisely at that time, the theory of "civil wrong compound" as the main foundation of civil liability appeared. Independent Ukraine spawned a new pleiad of researchers whose research interest was civil torts. Modern civil law doctrine started refusing the understanding of civil tort as a type of civil liability. It comes back to the tort as a type of obligation. Moreover, modern researchers look on the tort's issues much wider – through the prism of legal regulation mechanism. Constantly, modern researchers of Taras Shevchenko National University Law School pay great attention to the new topical spheres of torts, particularly to non-pecuniary damage compensation, damage compensation caused by the State and State agencies and product liability together with digital product liability. Keywords: tort, civil liability, damage compensation, history of legal research, scientific school.

The purpose of writing this article is to provide a conceptual overview of the main ideas and doctrines in the field of land law, which were being researched and substantiated by employees of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv during 30 years of independence, outlining the main achievements of land law and their practical implementation during this period. The main research method was the analysis and systematization of scientific research at the institutes of land law as a branch of law, science and academic discipline. The method of historical analysis helped to understand the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of a team of specialists who during the times of independent Ukraine were successfully working in land and related branches of law at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In conclusion, it is noted that scientists of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv worthily have represented and developed land law as a branch, science and academic discipline since the very beginning of Ukraine's independence. Within the limits of this article it is not possible to show in full the scientific achievements of the employees of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and their students during the time of independent Ukraine. But the described main scientific achievements emphasize the significant contribution of land law science of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv to the development of the science of land law of independent Ukraine. Due to the active position of the teaching staff at the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, there grew a worthy scientific constellation of researchers, teachers, practitioners and statesmen, whose main scientific interest was land law with its practical implementation and improvement. Keywords: independent Ukraine; land law; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Faculty of Law; Institute of Law.

У статті проводиться аналіз основних праць науковців, що стосуються історії Одeського політeхнічного унівeрситeту, починаючи від найпeрших до найновіших. Автор надає власну оригінальну оцінку довідникам та нарисам, виданим про політeх до пам'ятних дат. Звeртається увага на тe, що наукові праці, присвячeні історії політeху, написані істориками-аматорами. Дослідник вказує на відсутність глибокого аналізу та чітких історичних методів при укладанні чи написанні книжок. Діяльності ректорів вишу присвячено лише кілька нарисів та наукових статей. В останніх відбулася спроба розкрити здобутки перших ректорів — А. О. Нілуса, І. Ю. Тимченка та Г. К. Суслова, а також К. І. Заблонського. Переважна кількість статей про перших ректорів написана під авторством нинішнього ректора політеху. Однією з нeбагатьох монографій, яку написали профeсійні історики, є досліджeння про життя та діяльність К. Заблонського на посаді рeктора політехнічного інституту. ; В статье проводится анализ основных работ ученых, касающиеся истории Одeсского политехнического университета, начиная от первых до самых новых. Автор предоставляет собственную оригинальную оценку справочникам и очеркам, выданные о политeхе к памятным датам. Обращается внимание на то, что научные работы, посвященные истории политeха, написаны историками-любителями. Исследователь указывает на отсутствие глубокого анализа и четких исторических методов при составлении или написании книг. Деятельности ректоров вуза посвящено лишь несколько очерков и научных статей. В последних совершена попытка раскрыть достижения первых ректоров — А. А. Нилуса, И. Ю. Тимченко и Г. К. Суслова, а также К. И. Заблонского. Подавляющее количество статей о первых ректорах написана под авторством нынешнего ректора политеха. Одной из немногих монографий, которую написали профессиональные историки есть исследование о жизни и деятельности К. Заблонского в должности ректора политехнического института. ; The article analyzes the basic works of scientists related to the history of the Odessa Polytechnic University, ranging from the first to the newest. The author gives his own original assessment of reference books and essays about POLITEH published to memorable dates. Attention is drawn to the fact that scholarly works devoted to the history of political sciences written by researchers-amators. The researcher points out the lack of in-depth analysis and clear historical methods for concluding or writing books. The activities of the rectors of college are devoted to only a few essays and scientific articles. The lattest articles attempted to reveal the achievements of the first rectors — A. O. Nilus, I. Yu. Timchenko and G. K. Suslov, and also K. I. Zablonskyj. The vast majority of articles about the first rectors is written by authorship of the current rector of the University. One of the few monographs written by professorial historians is the study of K. Zablonsky's life and activities as the Rector of the Polytechnic Institute

The event of the thirtieth anniversary of Ukraine's independence [1] provides an excellent opportunity to sum up the interim results, analyse the achievements made in building an independent democracy, as well as to understand the miscalculations that can hardly be avoided. Legal science plays a huge role in this, particularly, its part related to the field of administration of justice in civil cases which is ensuring the effective settlement of civil disputes and the administration of civil justice. In view of this, the purpose of the study is to establish the contribution of legal scholars of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the development of the doctrine of the science of civil procedural law during the period of independence of Ukraine since 1991. To achieve this goal, scientific methods of analysis of the main legislative acts regulating civil procedural relations were used, the provisions of those studies were singled out and characterized; the latter proposed new approaches to improving the mechanism of exercising the right to a fair trial, ensuring access to justice in civil cases; development and improvement of civil justice in the context of modern international, in particular, European approaches. The results of the study revealed more than forty dissertation researches, which were promoted during the selected period at the University, as well as a number of scientific studies that significantly influenced the development of the national tradition of civil procedure. The conclusions summarize the results of the study and identify areas for further development of research in the field of civil procedural law of Ukraine. In particular, it is noted that today special attention should be paid to the need for proper implementation in Ukraine of the concept of the right of everyone to a fair trial, guaranteed by the European Convention, as well as to increase out-of-court settlement of disputes mediating the right to access and freedoms in the modern world. It is important to understand the global trend of reconciliation of the parties as the most effective settlement of disputes and the spread of various ways that allow the parties to find the most convenient and effective way to protect their rights. Keywords: civil process, Ukraine, access to justice, legal doctrine, Kyiv University, Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine.

Do distance and national borders make a difference in grandparents' relation and communication practices with their grandchildren? Is transnational grandparenthood a unique phenomenon? Research on diverse types of grandparental care and virtual co-presence in transnational families suggests migrants and their parents have mastered the ways to care at a distance. However, what does it actually mean? In this issue of CMR Spotlight Weronika Kloc-Nowak and Sylwia Timoszuk outline some results of the 2019-2020 nationwide survey which puts 'flying granny' and 'skyping grandpa' tropes in the context of Polish families.

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

In the article the basic stages of formation and development of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law and its branch in Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University are presented by the leading conceptual ideas that received the justification in scientific writings of the representatives of the scientific school. Named representatives of the first generations of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law, who stood at the origins of legal concepts. Considered the way of the formation of branch of this school in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University and presented by scientists and companies that contribute to the development of such a cell. Characterized the present state of scientific achievements and the composition of the representatives of the cell specified scientific school in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University. Attention was paid to the continuity of research between different generations of scientific school with regard to contemporary economic, political and legal realities. Outlined the prospect activity branch of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University, associated with the achievement of the goal of strengthening the system of legal remedies, designed to ensuring equal conditions, stability and efficiency of management for all participants of economic relations, satisfaction and protection of the interests of such participants to ensure the growth of business activity subjects, ensuring consistency and coordination of business entities, their interest in entrepreneurship development and on this basis to ensure the efficiency of social production, its social orientation