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part Part I Ancient-Medieval -- chapter 1 Victor Alonso (2007), ' War, Peace, and International Law in Ancient Greece', in K.A. Raaflaub (ed.), War and Peace in the Ancient World, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 206-25 -- chapter 2 Joachim von Elbe (1939), 'The Evolution of the Concept of the Just War in International Law', American Journal of International Law, 33, pp. 665-88 -- chapter 3 Bassam Tibi (1996), 'War and Peace in Islam', in T. Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 128-45 -- part Part II League of Nations Era -- chapter 4J.L. Brierly (1930-32), 'International Law and Resort to Armed Force', Cambridge Law Journal, 4, pp. 308-19 -- chapter 5 Arnold D. McNair (1936), 'Collective Security', British Yearbook of International Law, 17, pp. 150-64 -- part Part III United Nations Era -- chapter 6 Hans Kelsen (1948), 'Collective Security and Collective Self-Defense under the Charter of the United Nations', American Journal of International Law, 42, pp. 783-96 -- chapter 7 Josef L. Kunz (1951), 'Bellum Justum and Bellum Legale', American Journal of International Law, 45, pp. 528-34 -- chapter 8 Thomas M. Franck (1970), 'Who Killed Art. 2(4)? Or: Changing Norms Governing the Use of Force by States', American Journal of International Law, 64, pp. 809-37 -- chapter 9 Louis Henkin (1971), 'The Reports of the Death of Article 2(4) Are Greatly Exaggerated', American Journal of International Law, 65, pp. 544-48 -- chapter 10 Oscar Schachter (1986), 'In Defense of International Rules on the Use of Force', University of Chicago Law Review, 53, pp. 113-46 -- chapter 11 Jean Combacau (1986), 'The Exception of Self-Defence in U.N. Practice', in A. Cassese (ed.), The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force, Boston, MA: M. Nijhoff, pp. 9-38 -- chapter 12 derek Bowett (1972), 'Reprisals Involving Recourse to Armed Force', American Journal of International Law, 66, pp. 1-36 -- chapter 13 Roberto Barsotti (1986), 'Armed Reprisals', in A. Cassese (ed.), The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force, Boston, MA: M. Nijhoff, pp. 79-110 -- part Part IV Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction and Information Warfare -- chapter 14 Abraham D. Sofaer (2003), 'On the Necessity of Pre-emption', European Journal of International Law, 14, pp. 209-26 -- chapter 15 Christopher Greenwood (2003), 'International Law and the Pre-emptive Use of Force: Afghanistan, Al-Qaida, and Iraq', San Diego International Law Journal, 4, pp. 7-37 -- chapter 16 Christian J. Tams (2009), 'The Use of Force against Terrorists', European Journal of International Law, 20, pp. 359-97 -- chapter 17 Michael N. Schmitt (1998-99), 'Computer Network Attack and the Use of Force in International Law: Thoughts on a Normative Framework', Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 37, pp. 885-937 -- chapter 18 Christopher C. Joyner and Catherine Lotrionte (2001), 'Information Warfare as International Coercion: Elements of a Legal framework', European Journal of International Law, 12, pp. 825-65 -- part Part V Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect -- chapter 19 Jean-Pierre L. Fonteyne (1973-74), 'The Customary International Law Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention: Its Current Validity under the U.N. Charter', California Western International Law Journal, 4, pp. 203-70 -- chapter 20 Terry D. Gill (2004), 'Humanitarian Intervention: Legality, Justice and Legitimacy', Global Community, 4, pp. 51-75 -- chapter 21 Spencer Zifcak (2009), 'The Responsibility to Protect', in United Nations Reform: Heading North or South?, London: Routledge, pp. 105-27, 200 -- chapter 22 Carlo Focarelli (2008), 'The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine and Humanitarian Intervention: Too Many Ambiguities for a Working Doctrine', Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 13, pp. 191-213.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

This fully updated fourth edition clearly and comprehensively explains the law on the use of force in international law, including use of force by States, the role of the UN, and the role of regional organisations in the maintenance of international peace and security

Newly revised, this textbook provides an authoritative conceptual and practical overview of international law governing the resort to force. Following an introductory chapter, with a section on the key issues in identifying the law and actual and potential changes to it, the book addresses the breadth and scope of the prohibition of the threat or use of force and the meaning of 'force' as the focus of this. The book proceeds to address the use of force through the United Nations and regional organisations, the use of force in peacekeeping operations, the right of self-defence and the customary limitations upon this right, the controversial right of humanitarian intervention, and forcible interventions in civil conflicts. Updated to include greater focus on aspects such as cyber operations, the threat of force, and the 'human element' to the use force, as well as the inclusion of recent developments such as the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, it seeks to address the contemporary legal framework through the prism of contemporary challenges that it currently faces.

Prohibited 'use of force' under article 2(4) of the UN Charter and customary international law has until now not been clearly defined, despite its central importance in the international legal order and for international peace and security. This book accordingly offers an original framework to identify prohibited uses of force, including those that use emerging technology or take place in newer military domains such as outer space. In doing so, Erin Pobjie explains the emergence of the customary prohibition of the use of force and its relationship with article 2(4) and identifies the elements of a prohibited 'use of force'. In a major contribution to the scholarship, the book proposes a framework that defines a 'use of force' in international law and applies this framework to illustrative case studies to demonstrate its usefulness as a tool for legal scholars, practitioners and students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Law and force -- The prohibition of the use of force -- Invitation and intervention -- Self-defence : the framework -- The use of force against terrorism : a new war for a new century? -- The UN and the use of force -- Security Council authorization for member states to use force -- Regional peacekeeping and enforcement action

A history of law enforcement -- Policing and social and economic policy -- Core principles governing use of force for law enforcement -- Use of firearms -- Use of "less-lethal" weapons -- Facilitating peaceful protest and ensuring crowd safety during assemblies -- Use of force in custodial settings -- Use of force in counterterrorism -- Private security and use of force -- Counterpiracy at sea -- Accountability

"The Use of Force and International Law is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics, and practitioners. Its contemporary, comprehensive, well-structured, and accessible nature makes it of value to students studying this topic in a designated module, but also for international law, international politics, and international relations students more generally"--