Describes the causes of deprivation of information for deaf-blind people and provides suggestions for interpreters and communication partners. Causes include an inability to assimilate incidental information (information gained by looking around a room or by listening while uninvolved in a situation), censorship (e.g., when interpreters or family members consciously or subconsciously censor information due to lack of skills or because they think the information will be unpalatable or politically incorrect), inconsistency in the use of communication forms. All of these things may lead to relationship difficulties, learning stagnation, and withdrawal. Solutions include improved training for sign language interpreters, development of paraphrasing skills, more recognition of the separate and unique needs of deaf-blind people, and recognition of deaf-blind culture.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued on microfilm from Library of Congress Photoduplication Service. ; (Language) In Spanish. ; (Dates or Sequential Designation) Began with July 1, 1890 issue. ; (Dates or Sequential Designation) -año 58, núm. 16597 (15 de octubre de 1948). ; "Diario de la tarde." ; "Decano de la prensa puertorriqueña." ; "Diario liberal autonomista." ; "La Democracia apraeció in 1890 en Ponce, en San Juan y en Caguas, y desde su fundación tuvo que responder a 42 procesos judiciales por motivos políticos." Cf. Benítez, José Antonio, "Los Orígenes del periodismo en nuestra América," Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Lumen, 2000. ; Place of publication varies: Ponce, July 1, 1890-Sept. 19, 1900; Caguas, Oct. 23, 1900-April 30, 1904; San Juan, July 1, 1904- ; Published by Imprenta El Vapor, July 1, 1890-April 1892; Imprenta La Democracia, April 1892- ; (Funding) Funded by NEH in support of the National Digital Newspaper Project (NDNP), NEH Award Number: Project #00110855.
This ring depicts two military saints on its bezel. The saint on the left holds a staff or spear with his right hand and the saint on the right holds a shield in his left hand. The maker of this ring likely used a cast or mold to form the bronze into a ring and then hammered it to the shape and size specified by the wearer. A similar ring at the British Museum (no. AF.229) features on its bezel a military saint holding a staff topped by a cross in his right hand, a shield in his left hand, and is fully dressed in military attire. This ring lends further support to the claim that the figures on the ring listed above represent military saints, given that all three saints appear to be holding similar objects. These rings were likely worn for their apotropaic properties, that is for their ability to ward off evil and provide protection to the wearer. In the early Christian world, it was believed that religious icons, such as the ones depicted on the bezels, provided a spiritual connection between the wearer of the icon and the religious figures it depicted. Given that the ring depicts two military saints, it can be suggested that the wearer was a young man of military age who wore this ring into battle in the hopes that the saints on his ring would watch over him and keep him safe. Sources Consulted Alexis Castor, "Etruscan Jewelry and Identity," in A Companion to the Etruscans, eds. Sinclair Bell, and Alexandra A. Carpino (Malden, MA: Wiley, 2016), 275–292. Anna Kartsonis, "The Responding Icon," in Heaven on Earth: Art and the Church in Byzantium, ed. Linda Safran (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998). 58–80. Asen Kirin, ed. Sacred Art, Secular Context: Objects of Art from the Byzantine Collection of Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC (Athens, GA: Georgia Museum of Art, 2005). Eunice Dauterman Maguire, Henry Maguire, and Maggie J. Duncan-Flowers, Art and Holy Powers in the Early Christian House (Urbana: Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989). Gary Vikan, "Sacred Image, Sacred Power," in Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Mediterranean World, ed. Eva R. Hoffman (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007), 135–146. Jimmy Clark ('22) for ARHS 110 Introduction to Western Art (Spring 2021). ; https://digital.kenyon.edu/arthistorystudycollection/2137/thumbnail.jpg
Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Karanji Khurd microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behaviour and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 446 ha in Karanji Khurd microwatershed in Humnabad taluk of Bidar district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought prone with an average annual rainfall of 811 mm of which about 609 mm is received during south–west monsoon, 109 mm during north-east and the remaining 93 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 96 per cent is covered by soils, one per cent covered by rock lands and 3 per cent by others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 5 soil series and 17 soil phases (management units) and 3 land use classes. The length of crop growing period is about 150 days starting from the 1st week of June to 2nd week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 85 per cent area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture and 15 per cent is not suitable for agriculture but well suited for forestry, pasture. About 85 per cent of the soils are deep to very deep (100- >150 cm) and 11 per cent are very shallow (25-50 cm) soils. Entire area has clayey soils at the surface. Entire area is covered by non-gravelly soils. About 44 per cent of the area has soils that are very high (>200mm/m) in available water capacity, 18 per cent medium (100-150 mm/m) and about 33 per cent low (50-100 mm/m) and very low (0.75%), 4 per cent is low (57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 21 per cent area is low (337 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is low (20 ppm). Available boron is low (4.5 ppm) and 8 per cent deficient (0.6 ppm). The land suitability for 19 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, farm price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 197 (44) 82 (19) Sapota - 146 (33) Maize - 82 (19) Jackfruit 66 (15) 79 (18) Red gram - 279 (63) Jamun 66 (15) 276 (62) Sunflower 197 (44) 82 (18) Musambi - 343 (77) Cotton 197 (44) 82 (18) Lime - 343 (77) Sugarcane - 82 (18) Cashew 3 (<1) 165 (37) Soybean 241 (54) 39(9) Custard apple 69 (16) 294 (66) Bengalgram 241 (54) 39(9) Amla 66(15) 297 (67) Guava - 146 (33) Tamarind 66(15) 276 (52) Mango - 78 (18) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 3 identified LCUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fibre and horticulture crops that helps in maintaining the ecological balance in the microwatershed Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges that would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass. This would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also help in mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Karanji Khurd micro-watershed (Raipalli sub-watershed, Humnabad taluk, Bidar district) is located in between 17039' – 17041' North latitudes and 77012' – 77015' East longitudes, covering an area of about 446 ha, bounded by Mustari, Chitgoppa, Bannahalli and Bilkhera villages with length of growing period (LGP) 120- 150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: Results: The socio-economic outputs for the Karanji Khurd micro-watershed in Raipalli sub-watershed, Humnabad taluk and Bidar district are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 71.1 to 28.9 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age group of 18 to 30 populations is around 60.0 per cent to the total population. Literacy population is around 82.2 per cent. Social groups belong to scheduled caste is around 30.0 per cent. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the source of energy for a cooking among 60.0 per cent. About 75.0 per cent of households have a yashaswini health card. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 70.0 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 60.0 per cent of sample households. Rural migration to urban centre for employment is preventing among 10.0 per cent of farm households. Women participation in decisions making are around 50.0 per cent of households were found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.3 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to small and medium farmers. Total cultivated area by dry land condition of among sample households. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation among 38.2 per cent and agriculture is the main agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 29.4 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 112687 per household. Mobile and television are popular communication mass media. The average value of farm assets is around Rs. 250 per household, around 10 per cent of sample farmers having weeder. The average value of livestock is around Rs. 19500 per household; about 20.0 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 835.1 grams (1698.4 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition recommendation at 827 gram. Around 40.0 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs.42793 per household. About 90.0 per cent of farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs.1765. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 982 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 417469 per year for the total area of 445.9 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 6636/ ha/year. Per hectare food grain production services is maximum in red gram (Rs. 9600) followed by soybean (Rs. 3671). The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in redgram (Rs. 48024) followed by soybeans (Rs. 20594). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is redgram (90.6 %) and soybean (9.4 %). In Karanji Khurd micro watershed, major soils are Devgiri (DGR) series is having deep soil depth covers around 1.5 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram. BNG soil series are having very deep soil depth covers around 44.2 % of area; the crops are redgram (88.3 %) and soybean (11.7 %). The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for red gram ranges between Rs. 36603/ha in BGN soil (with BCR of 1.32) and Rs. 30426/ha in DGR soil (with BCR of 1.19). 3 In soybean the cost of cultivation in BGN soil is Rs 28478/ha (with BCR of 1.13). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in redgram (39.4 to 50.8 %) and soybean (23.8 %). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project
